scholarly journals Multiply Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Applications

Gels ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiota A. Panteli ◽  
Costas S. Patrickios
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Polymeric Component ◽  
Work Done

This review summarizes work done on triply, or higher, interpenetrating polymer network materials prepared in order to widen the properties of double polymer network hydrogels (DN), doubly interpenetrating polymer networks with enhanced mechanical properties. The review will show that introduction of a third, or fourth, polymeric component in the DNs would further enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting materials, but may also introduce other useful functionalities, including electrical conductivity, low-friction coefficients, and (bio)degradability.

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity of an all-natural and biocompatible semi-interpenetrating polymer network containing a deep eutectic solvent

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 5785-5797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin J. Gachuz ◽  
Martín Castillo-Santillán ◽  
Karla Juarez-Moreno ◽  
Jose Maya-Cornejo ◽  
Antonio Martinez-Richa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Eutectic Systems

Biobased and conductive semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) consisting of crosslinked poly(itaconic acid) and containing the polysaccharide inulin were prepared taking advantage of the deep eutectic systems (DESs) chemistry.

Eosin Y functionalized tertiary amine-bearing interpenetrating polymer networks for heterogeneous catalysis of logic-controlled oxygen-tolerant radical polymerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (47) ◽  
pp. 25363-25370
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Yu Chi Zhang ◽  
Sunjie Ye ◽  
Xi Rong Zhang ◽  
Tao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Tertiary Amine ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Eosin Y

Given the scalability and vast applicability of the heterogeneous catalysts and the burgeoning interests in biorelated applications, the interpenetrating polymer network catalysts will facilitate the realization of green, precise and efficient polymerization.

Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks Containing Polysaccharides. I Xanthan/Lignin Networks

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 603-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Elena Raschip ◽  
Cornelia Vasile ◽  
Diana Ciolacu ◽  
Georgeta Cazacu
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Swelling Rate

The polysaccharides are important materials in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and related biomedical applications. Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide of great commercial significance. It is well known as one of the best thickening polymers due to its high intrinsic stiffness related to the helical conformation stabilized in the presence of excess salt. It is used in a wide variety of foods for a number of important reasons, including emulsion stabilization, temperature stability, compatibility with food ingredients, and its pseudoplastic rheological properties. Due to its properties in thickening aqueous solutions, as a dispersing agent, and stabilizer of emulsions and suspensions, xanthan gum is used in pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and agricultural products, as well as in textile printing pastes, ceramic glazes, slurry explosive formulations, and rust removers. In this work the crosslinking of a mixture of xanthan and lignins in the presence of the epichlorohydrin, leading to superabsorbant hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums, was studied. The swelling properties of these composite hydrogels were investigated. Three different types of lignin have been used namely: aspen wood lignin (L), annual fiber crop lignin (GL) and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER). Semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels in various ratios were prepared. The influence of gravimetric ratio between components of the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, as well as the kinetics of water sorption will be discussed. The maximum swelling degree of the hydrogels and the swelling rate constant were determined as a function of the hydrogel's composition. It has been established that the nature of lignin significantly influences swelling process, the chemical modified lignin having a particular behavior.

scholarly journals Multiscale Experimental Evaluation of Agarose-Based Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels as Materials with Tunable Rheological and Transport Performance

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2561
Author(s):  
Monika Trudicova ◽  
Jiri Smilek ◽  
Michal Kalina ◽  
Marcela Smilkova ◽  
Katerina Adamkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymer Component ◽  
Poly Styrene Sulfonate

This study introduces an original concept in the development of hydrogel materials for controlled release of charged organic compounds based on semi-interpenetrating polymer networks composed by an inert gel-forming polymer component and interpenetrating linear polyelectrolyte with specific binding affinity towards the carried active compound. As it is experimentally illustrated on the prototype hydrogels prepared from agarose interpenetrated by poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and alginate (ALG), respectively, the main benefit brought by this concept is represented by the ability to tune the mechanical and transport performance of the material independently via manipulating the relative content of the two structural components. A unique analytical methodology is proposed to provide complex insight into composition–structure–performance relationships in the hydrogel material combining methods of analysis on the macroscopic scale, but also in the specific microcosms of the gel network. Rheological analysis has confirmed that the complex modulus of the gels can be adjusted in a wide range by the gelling component (agarose) with negligible effect of the interpenetrating component (PSS or ALG). On the other hand, the content of PSS as low as 0.01 wt.% of the gel resulted in a more than 10-fold decrease of diffusivity of model-charged organic solute (Rhodamine 6G).

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Waste Water Containing Hazardous Cadmium Ion with Ion Imprinted Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girija Parameswaran ◽  
Beena Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Potassium Persulphate ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Ion Imprinted ◽  
Endothermic Process

A novel Cd(II) ion imprinted interpenetrating polymer network (Cd(II)IIP) was prepared by free radical polymerization using alginic acid and NNMBA-crosslinked polyacrylamide in presence of initiator potassium persulphate. Cd(II)IIP showed higher capacity and selectivity than the nonimprinted polymer (NIP). The sorption capacities of Cd(II)IIP and NIP for Cd(II) ions were 0.886 and 0.663 meqmole-1, respectively. Kinetics studies showed that the sorption process closely agreed with a pseudosecond-order model. The thermodynamic data suggest that the sorption is a spontaneous endothermic process. Equilibrium experiments showed very good fit with the Langmuir isotherm equation for the monolayer sorption process. Cd(II)IIP exhibited good reusability, and the sorption capacity of Cd(II)IIP was stable within the first 4 cycles without obvious decrease. Also Cd(II)IIP showed almost 100% removal efficiency for Cd(II) ions in real environmental water samples, indicating that Cd(II)IIP could have wide application prospects in Cd(II) ion removal.

A Research of the Spongy Foams from Interpenetrating Polymer Network of Polyurethane/ Epoxy Resin

2012 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Hong Jun Huang ◽  
Wang Kang ◽  
Guo Shun Wan ◽  
Jiang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Epoxy Content

A series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) spongy foams based on polyurethane (PU) and epoxy resin (EP) were prepared by a simultaneous polymerization technique. The PU/EP IPN spongy foams with different epoxy content were investigated. The results showed that initial adhesion increased with the increment of EP content, and gained the highest value when the content reached to 20%; FTIR suggested the formation of PU/EP IPN; the density also increased with the increasing content of epoxy; the highest degree of uniformity in bubbles were observed in foams with 20% content of epoxy resin.

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks by azide–alkyne cycloaddition as novel anion exchange membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 11317-11326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandang Xue ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Jiayou Liao ◽  
Yinghua Shen ◽  
Nanwen Li
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes

A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer network anion exchange membranes, composed of a quaternized PS copolymer and crosslinked PPO networks, have been designed and fabricated.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characteristics of Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels Based on Silicone and Poly(vinyl alcohol)

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon Jeong Kim ◽  
Mi Seon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Abstract Hydrogels have become increasingly important for use in the biomedical field. They are used diagnostic, therapeutic and implantable devices(e.g. catheter, biosensor, artificial skin, controlled release drug delivery system and contact lenses). Also silicone derivatives are widely used owing to their favorable properties such as low-glass transition temperature, high gas permeability, high thermal stability and good biocompatibility. We have studied the interpenetrating polymer networks(IPN) by previous reports, and to report on the preparation and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol), (PVA) and vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) IPN hydrogel in this presentation. The IPN composed of PVA and PDMS was synthesized by the following method. PVA was dissolved in the water to make 10wt% aqueous solution. And PDMS was mixed with 0.5wt% 2,2-dimethyl-2-phenylacetophenone(DMPAP) and 0.5mol% methylenebis acrylicamide(MBAAm). This mixture was added to PVA aqueous solution and heated at 90oC for 3hrs. Various IP{Ns were prepared from different mol ratios of PVA/PDMS. Hydrogels obtained were characterized by using FT-IR, wide angle X-ray diffractometry(WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), dielectric analysis(DEA), and equilibrium water content(EWC).

scholarly journals Poly 4-Vinylpyridine and Polystyrene Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs): Synthesis and Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1771-1775
Author(s):  
Dayanand Mishra ◽  
Meet Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cross Linker

A study on synthesis of thin film of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) and polystyrene was carried out. A series of IPN was synthesized, using divinyl benzene (as cross linker) and benzoyl peroxide (as an initiator) and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal (DSC, TGA) and fluorescent techniques. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of PVP at 1584 cm–1 and polystyrene at 1609 cm–1. Shifting in band positions depicts formation of IPN. SEM images show a clear dual phase morphology. DSC thermogram reveals glass transition temperature (Tg) value of the polymer network at 350 ºC. TGA graph depicts thermal stability of IPN upto 400 °C. The XRD pattern of IPN indicates semi crystalline nature. The properties such as average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), percentage swelling is found to be the direct function of initiator (BPO) and inverse function of concentration of cross linker (DVB) and styrene. Fluorescence spectra of IPN observed in visual range of 506 nm.

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