Study of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) Associated with Allelopathic Trait in Rice

In rice there are few genetic studies reported for allelopathy traits, which signify the ability of plants to inhibit or stimulate growth of other plants in the environment, by exuding chemicals. QTL analysis for allelopathic traits were conducted with 98 F8 RILs developed from the cross between the high allelopathic parents of ‘Sathi’ and non-allelopathic parents of ‘Nong-an’. The performance of allelopathic traits were evaluated with inhibition rate on root length, shoot length, total length, root weight, shoot weight, and total weight of lettuce as a receiver plant. With 785 polymorphic DNA markers, we constructed a linkage map showing a total of 2489.75 cM genetic length and 3.17 cM of average genetic distance between each adjacent marker. QTL analysis detected on QTL regions on chromosome 8 responsible for the inhibition of shoot length and inhibition of total length. The qISL-8 explained 20.38% of the phenotypic variation for the inhibition on the shoot length. The qITL-8 explained 14.93% of the phenotypic variation for the inhibition on total length. The physical distance of the detected QTL region was 194 Kbp where 31 genes are located.

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Isolation, identification and characterization of native plant growth promoting bacteria and their plant growth promotion in Zea mays

Research Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.25303/168rjbt7521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Pitchaiah Pelapudi ◽

Sasikala Ch ◽

Swarnabala Ganti

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promotion ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Shoot Weight

In the present rapid growing world, need for a sustainable agricultural practice which helps in meeting the adequate food demand is much needed. In this context, plant growth promoting bacteria were brought into the spot light by the researchers. Though the plant growth promoting bacteria have several beneficial applications, due to some of the disadvantages in the field conditions, they lagged behind. In the current research work, native PGPR were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of maize with an aim to isolate the nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilising and potash solubilising bacteria. Out of the several isolates, potent PGPR isolates viz., Paenibacillus durus PCPB067, Bacillus megaterium PCBMG041 and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus PCPG051 were isolated and identified by using the 16 S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Genomic DNA sequences obtained were deposited in the NCBI Genbank and accession numbers were assigned as MW793452, MW793456 and MW843633. In order to check the efficacy of the PGPR isolates, pot trials were conducted by taking maize as the host plant. Several parameters viz. shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight and weight of the seeds were tested in which PGP treatment showed good results (shoot length - 187±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 31±4 g, root length - 32±3.6 cm, root weight - 17±2 g, yield- 103.3±6.1 g) when compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment (shoot length - 177±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 25±3.6 g, root length - 24±3.5 cm, root weight - 14.6±1.52 g, yield- 85.6±7.6 g). Based on the results, it can be stated that these native PGPR isolates can be effectively used in the plant growth promotion of maize.

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Impacts of different salt source and concentrations on germination and seedling growth of many pumpkin seeds used as rootstoch in Iran

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1202235d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 235-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Dadashpour

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Root Length ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Pumpkin Seeds ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Shoot Weight

The effects of different salt sources (C Cl2, NaCl, and KCl) and concentrations, as measured by electrical conductivity, (0, "control", 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of ?Ferro?, ?Obez?, ?RS 841? and ?Strong Tosa F1? pumpkin varieties used as rootstock were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is higher than 5 dS m-1, independent of salt sources and in all of the varieties. Three days after seeding, a germination ratio of 5 % was obtained from RS 841 variety in all salt source and concentrations, while a germination ratio over 50 % was obtained in ?Strong Tosa? variety for the same conditions except CaCl2 salt source. Nevertheless, seeds germinated in medium having high concentrations of CaCl2 had lower germination rate and poor seedling growth, compared to media having the same concentrations of NaCl and KCl. It was concluded that all of the varieties studied were more sensitive to the concentrations prepared using CaCl2 than that of the KCl, and NaCl.

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Alteration of dry matter accumulation under soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.05.p3142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 757-763

Author(s):

Cut Nur Ichsan ◽

Bakhtiar Basyah ◽

Sabaruddin Zakaria ◽

Efendi Efendi

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Root Depth ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Weight

Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling

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Effect of Some Bacterial and Fungal Bioagents for Management of Root-knot Nematode and Soil Born Fungus in Cucumber under Protected Conditions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-280942/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jaydeep Ashok Patil ◽

Saroj Yadav ◽

Sewak Ram

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Growth Parameter ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Liquid Formulation ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Untreated Check ◽

Shoot Weight

Abstract Background: Complex disease caused by root-knot nematode and Fusarium fungus in cucumber is the most destructive disease under polyhouse conditions. The study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Purpureocillium lilacinum against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex on cucumber.Results: All bioagents were taken @ 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg soil and liquid formulation of bioagents, @ 0.5 and 1 ml/ kg soil, Chemical checks as well as untreated check were also maintained. The bio-agents were mixed with the potted soil treatment wise. All the treatments significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length, root length, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry shoot weight and dry root weight as compared to untreated check. However, maximum improvement in plant growth parameter was recorded in case of carbofuran followed by higher dose of liquid formulation of bioagents. Among bioagents, liquid formulation of bioagents was significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length (147.3), fresh shoot weight (55.6), dry shoot weight (22.51) and dry root weight (4.50) and most effective in suppressing root knot nematode galling (43) and final population in soil (131) and fungus wilt incidence (25 %) at 30th day of after germination followed by P. lilacinum T. viride and P. fluorescence. Conclusion: The results suggest that the liquid formulation of bioagents was more effective in suppression of root-knot nematode and fungus complex disease than the powder formulations of bioagents. More studies should be needed in future to evaluate the efficacy of bioagents as seed treatments and soil applications under field conditions.

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Simultaneous selection model based evaluation of arsenic tolerance in black gram (Vigna mungo L.) using morphological parameters

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-3854 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

M. Z. Shamim ◽

Anjana Pandey

Keyword(s):

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Arsenic Toxicity ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

Black Gram ◽

Arsenic Tolerance ◽

Arsenic Stress ◽

Simultaneous Selection ◽

Shoot Weight

The evaluation of black gram under arsenic stress is important to identify the arsenic-tolerant genotypes for cultivation in arsenic affected soil and for crop improvement programs. Thirty-two black gram genotypes were received from Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR) Kanpur, India was grown in sand and exposed to three arsenic toxicity levels (control, 150 and 300 µM NaAsO2). Root length, root weight, shoot length, shoot weight and total biomass of plants were recorded in the vegetative stage.The plants were grown in pots (45×30×20 cm)following CRD during Kharif 2014 and experiment was performed in three replications.The morphological characters of almost all genotypes were significantly decreased with increased concentration of arsenic in supplied nutrients, shoot length; root length was less affected, whereas shoot weight, root weight and total biomass were much decreased under arsenic stress condition. Selection of genotypes according to simultaneous selection index model suggests that genotypes IPU 99-176, IPU 25, IPU 2K 99-224 and IPU 99-3 are much successfully able to tolerate arsenic toxicity. The arsenic tolerance capacity of UH 82-14 and UPU 8335 were decreased with increasing concentration of NaAsO2 as compared to other genotypes. The genotypes IPU 99-235, UPU 8335, UH 82-14, LBG 623 and IPU 99-115 has very less capacity to cope arsenic toxicity. The genotypes IPU 99-176 and IPU 25 are appropriate for cultivation in arsenic affected soil as well as these genotypes may be much useful for hybridization program to develop the arsenic-tolerant heterotic cultivars. The root biomass and shoot biomass should be improved to develop arsenic tolerance in black gram. The ranking of genotypes based on multiple morphological parameters has great advantage on conventional methods under abiotic stress.

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Synergism of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides plays a major role in citrus dieback

The Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.21162/pakjas/21.399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (04) ◽

pp. 1291-1299

Author(s):

Muhammad Usman Afzal

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Rough Lemon ◽

Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Citrus Nematode

Citrus is known as a major fruit due to its high nutritional value and adaptability in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Among diseases, citrus dieback is one of the most threatening diseases in which overall plant growth is reduced. Major causes are Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) with 15-35% losses all over the world. Plant material was established adopting sanitary measures in earthen pots (12-inch diameter). Fresh culture of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans was prepared for the inoculation by following the standard procedures. In the first set, rootstocks were inoculated with 200mL of water having spore suspension of C. gloeosporioides while in in the second set, inoculation of T. semipenetrans was done by using 45 mL of water suspension having 2000 freshly hatched juveniles per pot, while at the rate of 1 × 107 spores/mL per plant. In the third set, the interaction of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans was studied by inoculating selected citrus rootstocks by both pathogens. After four months of inoculation, data were recorded on plant disease index (PDI) along with plant growth parameters (root weight, shoot weight, shoot weight, shoot length and number of leaves). Trifoliate orange and cox mandarin hybrid showed resistance against the development of T. semipenetrans while rough lemon, C-35 Citrange and sour orange were found susceptible. There was a significant difference in plant growth parameters between inoculated and healthy plants. Root weight and shoot weight decreased by 8.98g and 11.53g, while root length and shoot length decreased by 7.29cm and 13.5cm respectively as compared to control treatments in most susceptible rootstocks. Per cent Branch Infection (PBI) and per cent Disease Index (PDI) were maximum (71.52, 37) per cent on rough lemon respectively. Results regarding combined inoculation of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans showed that there was a significant difference in plant growth parameters between inoculated and healthy plants. In rough lemon, Root weight and shoot weight decreased by 13.86 and 20.57g respectively in diseased and healthy plants. Root length and shoot length decreased by 8.37 and 20.04cm respectively as compared to control treatments in most susceptible rootstocks. Overall results depicted that inoculation of both pathogens reduced plant growth more severely as compared to their individual application.

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Physiological and molecular comparative analysis of two contrasting rice varieties under jasmonic acid treatment

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/17/4/14428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 663-672

Author(s):

Huong Thi Mai To ◽

Nga T. P. Mai ◽

Minh Anh Ngo ◽

Ngan Huyen Nguyen ◽

Kieu Thi Hanh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Total Plant ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Pi Deficiency

Rice is one of the most important crops but its productivity is severely threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Jasmonic acid and its derivatives (referred to JA) are the lipid-based plant hormones that were commonly known as regulators of plant growth, development and defense responses. In this study, we compare the physiological and molecular responses of two rice accessions, G38 (Nep_nuong) and G11 (Tam-tron) to JA treatment. G38 plants under JA treatment experienced a reduction in shoot length, root weight, shoot weight and total plant weight which suggested its sensitiveness to JA, whereas G11 plants showed a less reduction in these traits. The expression levels of 12 JA-related genes were investigated in order to better understand how the JA biosynthesis and responses differ in these two contrasting rice accessions. A significantly higher expression level of a set of genes related to JA biosynthesis, signaling and response in G11 compare to G38 was observed. Furthermore, the inorganic phosphorus starvation (Pi) response was also examined in the two varieties G11 and G38. In low Pi condition (40 µM), G11 plants showed more roots, longer root length and shoot length, higher weight compared to the G38 plants which suggest that G11 did not suffer much effect of Pi deficiency. This study highlights the differences in JA growth response in 2 contrasting rice genotypes and also suggests the link between JA developmental response and the tolerance to the Pi starvation condition in rice.

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Relationship of Black Vine Weevil Egg Density and Damage to Two Cranberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.6.755 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 755-761

Author(s):

Betsey Miller ◽

Denny J. Bruck ◽

Vaughn Walton

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Water Use ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Plant Water ◽

Root Damage ◽

Plant Water Use ◽

Egg Density ◽

Black Vine Weevil ◽

Shoot Weight

Black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Fabricius), is a serious pest of cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Larvae feed undetected within the soil and cause damage to roots and underground vines. We correlated damage caused by feeding larvae from known BVW egg densities. Two cultivars of potted cranberry vines, ‘Stevens’ and ‘McFarlin’, were inoculated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 eggs per pot. Root damage and canopy health were assessed. ‘Stevens’ exceeded ‘McFarlin’ in dry shoot weight, total shoot length, total leaf area, and dry root weight before egg treatments. Damage to underground vines increased with increasing egg density and more damage was found in ‘Stevens’ than ‘McFarlin’ at the highest egg densities. In August, plant water use and total shoot length in ‘McFarlin’ were significantly greater in plants treated with 0–5 eggs per pot compared with plants treated with 40–80 eggs per pot. The effect on total shoot length was more pronounced in October. ‘Stevens’ showed no response to increasing BVW density for up to 24 weeks. Destructive measurements showed decreased root weight in ‘McFarlin’ but not ‘Stevens’. Both cultivars showed a similar decrease in dry shoot weight, total shoot length, and percent green leaf area with increasing BVW egg density. Root damage increased as BVW egg density increased and this damage resulted in reduced plant water use for ‘McFarlin’. Reduced shoot growth and leaf area was recorded for both cultivars, although these effects were more apparent in ‘McFarlin’ and at an earlier stage than in ‘Stevens’.

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GENETIC VARIABILITY AND ASSOCIATION AMONG SEEDLING TRAITS OF ZEA MAYS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS CONDITIONS

Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) ◽

10.54112/bcsrj.v2020i1.20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Haseeb ◽

A Nawaz ◽

MQA Rao ◽

Q Ali ◽

A Malik

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Root Length ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Root Weight ◽

Seedling Traits ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Shoot Weight

Maize is an important food crop for human and feed for animals or livestock. It is highly sensitive for abiotic and biotic stress conditions. An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore for the determination of effects of drought on maize growth related seedling traits. Four maize genotypes/varieties viz., B-316, Raka-poshi, Pak-Afghoi and EV-1097Q were grown to evaluate the effects of drought stress. Four drought treatments were used including 20% irrigation water, 40% irrigation water, 60% irrigation water, 80% irrigation water, 90% irrigation water and control or 100% irrigation water. It was found that the genotypes B-316 and Raka-poshi showed better performance for all studied traits especial shoot and root length as compared with other two genotypes EV-109Q and Pak-Afghoi. The minimum effects of drought were reported at control and 90% irrigation water. The effects of drought were increased with the increase in concentration of drought stress. The adverse drought effects were reported under the treatment of drought at 20% and 40% irrigation water. The higher genetic advance and heritability was recorded for root length, shoot length, dry shoot weight and dry root weight. The significant correlation was recorded between root length, shoot length and dry shoot weight. The higher contribution for shoot length was reported for root length, dry shoot weight and number of roots per plant. It was concluded from study that the selection of maize genotypes on the basis of root length, shoot length and dry shoot weight may be fruitful to produce drought stress tolerance maize hybrids and synthetic varieties.

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Evaluation of Organic Amendments against Rice Root-KnotNematode at Seedling Stage of Rice

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v9i0.3160 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 21-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nabin Kumar Dangal ◽

D. Sharma Poudyal ◽

S. M. Shrestha ◽

C. Adhikari ◽

J. M. Duxbury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Severity Index ◽

Rice Root ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Root Weight ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Lesion Severity

Pot experiment was conducted during July-September 2006 to evaluate some organic amendments such as sesame (Sesamum indicum) biomass, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) biomass, neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, chinaberry (Melia azedarch) leaves and chicken manure @ 1, 2 and 3 t ha-1 each against the rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Birchfield) in direct seeded rice. The treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. The number of second stage juveniles (J2) of M. graminicola was significantly low in chicken manure @ 3 t ha-1. The root knot severity index was significantly low in sesame @ 3 t ha-1, chinaberry @ 3, 2 or 1 t ha-1, neem @ 3 t ha-1 and chicken manure @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 amended soil but root lesion severity index was lower only in chicken manure @ 2 t ha-1 treated plots. The fresh shoot weight and length were significantly high in chicken manure amendment @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 at 45th day after seeding. However, the fresh root weight, length, number of leaves and number of J2 recovered from the roots were non-significant. Key words: biomass; juveniles; Meloidogyne graminicola; root-knot severity index; root lesion severity index DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3160 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 21-27

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