Simultaneous selection model based evaluation of arsenic tolerance in black gram (Vigna mungo L.) using morphological parameters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Shamim ◽  
Anjana Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Arsenic Tolerance ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Shoot Weight

The evaluation of black gram under arsenic stress is important to identify the arsenic-tolerant genotypes for cultivation in arsenic affected soil and for crop improvement programs. Thirty-two black gram genotypes were received from Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR) Kanpur, India was grown in sand and exposed to three arsenic toxicity levels (control, 150 and 300 µM NaAsO2). Root length, root weight, shoot length, shoot weight and total biomass of plants were recorded in the vegetative stage.The plants were grown in pots (45×30×20 cm)following CRD during Kharif 2014 and experiment was performed in three replications.The morphological characters of almost all genotypes were significantly decreased with increased concentration of arsenic in supplied nutrients, shoot length; root length was less affected, whereas shoot weight, root weight and total biomass were much decreased under arsenic stress condition. Selection of genotypes according to simultaneous selection index model suggests that genotypes IPU 99-176, IPU 25, IPU 2K 99-224 and IPU 99-3 are much successfully able to tolerate arsenic toxicity. The arsenic tolerance capacity of UH 82-14 and UPU 8335 were decreased with increasing concentration of NaAsO2 as compared to other genotypes. The genotypes IPU 99-235, UPU 8335, UH 82-14, LBG 623 and IPU 99-115 has very less capacity to cope arsenic toxicity. The genotypes IPU 99-176 and IPU 25 are appropriate for cultivation in arsenic affected soil as well as these genotypes may be much useful for hybridization program to develop the arsenic-tolerant heterotic cultivars. The root biomass and shoot biomass should be improved to develop arsenic tolerance in black gram. The ranking of genotypes based on multiple morphological parameters has great advantage on conventional methods under abiotic stress.

Isolation, identification and characterization of native plant growth promoting bacteria and their plant growth promotion in Zea mays

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Pitchaiah Pelapudi ◽  
Sasikala Ch ◽  
Swarnabala Ganti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Shoot Weight

In the present rapid growing world, need for a sustainable agricultural practice which helps in meeting the adequate food demand is much needed. In this context, plant growth promoting bacteria were brought into the spot light by the researchers. Though the plant growth promoting bacteria have several beneficial applications, due to some of the disadvantages in the field conditions, they lagged behind. In the current research work, native PGPR were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of maize with an aim to isolate the nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilising and potash solubilising bacteria. Out of the several isolates, potent PGPR isolates viz., Paenibacillus durus PCPB067, Bacillus megaterium PCBMG041 and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus PCPG051 were isolated and identified by using the 16 S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Genomic DNA sequences obtained were deposited in the NCBI Genbank and accession numbers were assigned as MW793452, MW793456 and MW843633. In order to check the efficacy of the PGPR isolates, pot trials were conducted by taking maize as the host plant. Several parameters viz. shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight and weight of the seeds were tested in which PGP treatment showed good results (shoot length - 187±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 31±4 g, root length - 32±3.6 cm, root weight - 17±2 g, yield- 103.3±6.1 g) when compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment (shoot length - 177±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 25±3.6 g, root length - 24±3.5 cm, root weight - 14.6±1.52 g, yield- 85.6±7.6 g). Based on the results, it can be stated that these native PGPR isolates can be effectively used in the plant growth promotion of maize.

scholarly journals Impacts of different salt source and concentrations on germination and seedling growth of many pumpkin seeds used as rootstoch in Iran

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dadashpour
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Weight

The effects of different salt sources (C Cl2, NaCl, and KCl) and concentrations, as measured by electrical conductivity, (0, "control", 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of ?Ferro?, ?Obez?, ?RS 841? and ?Strong Tosa F1? pumpkin varieties used as rootstock were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is higher than 5 dS m-1, independent of salt sources and in all of the varieties. Three days after seeding, a germination ratio of 5 % was obtained from RS 841 variety in all salt source and concentrations, while a germination ratio over 50 % was obtained in ?Strong Tosa? variety for the same conditions except CaCl2 salt source. Nevertheless, seeds germinated in medium having high concentrations of CaCl2 had lower germination rate and poor seedling growth, compared to media having the same concentrations of NaCl and KCl. It was concluded that all of the varieties studied were more sensitive to the concentrations prepared using CaCl2 than that of the KCl, and NaCl.

scholarly journals Correlation Studies for Morphological and Biomass Traits in Half Sib Families of Terminalia Arjuna (L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
Hemant Kumar ◽  
S. B. Lal ◽  
A. M. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Shoot Weight

Estimation of phenotypic and genotypic correlation between various traits provides necessary information in breeding program, when selection is based on two or more characters. The intensity and trend of association among characters may be estimated by genetic coefficients of correlations and genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of correlation depending on the type of materials studied. The knowledge of genetic inter-relationship between characters is also of theoretical and practical interest because a genotypic correlation may drive genetic linkage or from developmental induced relationships between components that are only indirectly the consequences of gene action. Terminalia arjuna is a medium to large sized fast growing versatile tree popularly known as Arjun. It has immense economic potential in various industries viz., pharmaceutical, timber, paper, soap, tannin, dye, match, food, fodder and fuel. Thirty candidate plus trees (CPTs) of T. arjuna were selected as seed source from 30 different provinces of Uttar Pradesh for the study of correlation study morphological & biomass traits. After 12 months of growth under nursery condition, data were collected and analyze for association studies. Present study concludes that magnitudes of phenotypic correlation coefficients were lower compare to corresponding genotypic values. A strong positive and highly significant phenotypic correlation with collar diameter, bark content, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight and total biomass of seedling were exhibited. Therefore, these characters may be given proper emphasis during selection and breeding program of Arjun tree species where the amount of leaf, bark and biomass production is of immense importance.

scholarly journals Alteration of dry matter accumulation under soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 757-763
Author(s):  
Cut Nur Ichsan ◽  
Bakhtiar Basyah ◽  
Sabaruddin Zakaria ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling

Effect of Some Bacterial and Fungal Bioagents for Management of Root-knot Nematode and Soil Born Fungus in Cucumber under Protected Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaydeep Ashok Patil ◽  
Saroj Yadav ◽  
Sewak Ram
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Shoot Weight

Abstract Background: Complex disease caused by root-knot nematode and Fusarium fungus in cucumber is the most destructive disease under polyhouse conditions. The study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Purpureocillium lilacinum against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex on cucumber.Results: All bioagents were taken @ 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg soil and liquid formulation of bioagents, @ 0.5 and 1 ml/ kg soil, Chemical checks as well as untreated check were also maintained. The bio-agents were mixed with the potted soil treatment wise. All the treatments significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length, root length, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry shoot weight and dry root weight as compared to untreated check. However, maximum improvement in plant growth parameter was recorded in case of carbofuran followed by higher dose of liquid formulation of bioagents. Among bioagents, liquid formulation of bioagents was significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length (147.3), fresh shoot weight (55.6), dry shoot weight (22.51) and dry root weight (4.50) and most effective in suppressing root knot nematode galling (43) and final population in soil (131) and fungus wilt incidence (25 %) at 30th day of after germination followed by P. lilacinum T. viride and P. fluorescence. Conclusion: The results suggest that the liquid formulation of bioagents was more effective in suppression of root-knot nematode and fungus complex disease than the powder formulations of bioagents. More studies should be needed in future to evaluate the efficacy of bioagents as seed treatments and soil applications under field conditions.

scholarly journals Synergism of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides plays a major role in citrus dieback

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1291-1299
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Citrus Nematode

Citrus is known as a major fruit due to its high nutritional value and adaptability in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Among diseases, citrus dieback is one of the most threatening diseases in which overall plant growth is reduced. Major causes are Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) with 15-35% losses all over the world. Plant material was established adopting sanitary measures in earthen pots (12-inch diameter). Fresh culture of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans was prepared for the inoculation by following the standard procedures. In the first set, rootstocks were inoculated with 200mL of water having spore suspension of C. gloeosporioides while in in the second set, inoculation of T. semipenetrans was done by using 45 mL of water suspension having 2000 freshly hatched juveniles per pot, while at the rate of 1 × 107 spores/mL per plant. In the third set, the interaction of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans was studied by inoculating selected citrus rootstocks by both pathogens. After four months of inoculation, data were recorded on plant disease index (PDI) along with plant growth parameters (root weight, shoot weight, shoot weight, shoot length and number of leaves). Trifoliate orange and cox mandarin hybrid showed resistance against the development of T. semipenetrans while rough lemon, C-35 Citrange and sour orange were found susceptible. There was a significant difference in plant growth parameters between inoculated and healthy plants. Root weight and shoot weight decreased by 8.98g and 11.53g, while root length and shoot length decreased by 7.29cm and 13.5cm respectively as compared to control treatments in most susceptible rootstocks. Per cent Branch Infection (PBI) and per cent Disease Index (PDI) were maximum (71.52, 37) per cent on rough lemon respectively. Results regarding combined inoculation of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans showed that there was a significant difference in plant growth parameters between inoculated and healthy plants. In rough lemon, Root weight and shoot weight decreased by 13.86 and 20.57g respectively in diseased and healthy plants. Root length and shoot length decreased by 8.37 and 20.04cm respectively as compared to control treatments in most susceptible rootstocks. Overall results depicted that inoculation of both pathogens reduced plant growth more severely as compared to their individual application.

scholarly journals Study of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) Associated with Allelopathic Trait in Rice

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Ill-Min Chung ◽  
Tae-Ho Ham ◽  
Gi-Won Cho ◽  
Soon-Wook Kwon ◽  
Yoonjung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Adjacent Marker ◽  
Genetic Length ◽  
Shoot Weight

In rice there are few genetic studies reported for allelopathy traits, which signify the ability of plants to inhibit or stimulate growth of other plants in the environment, by exuding chemicals. QTL analysis for allelopathic traits were conducted with 98 F8 RILs developed from the cross between the high allelopathic parents of ‘Sathi’ and non-allelopathic parents of ‘Nong-an’. The performance of allelopathic traits were evaluated with inhibition rate on root length, shoot length, total length, root weight, shoot weight, and total weight of lettuce as a receiver plant. With 785 polymorphic DNA markers, we constructed a linkage map showing a total of 2489.75 cM genetic length and 3.17 cM of average genetic distance between each adjacent marker. QTL analysis detected on QTL regions on chromosome 8 responsible for the inhibition of shoot length and inhibition of total length. The qISL-8 explained 20.38% of the phenotypic variation for the inhibition on the shoot length. The qITL-8 explained 14.93% of the phenotypic variation for the inhibition on total length. The physical distance of the detected QTL region was 194 Kbp where 31 genes are located.

scholarly journals Physiological and molecular comparative analysis of two contrasting rice varieties under jasmonic acid treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-672
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Mai To ◽  
Nga T. P. Mai ◽  
Minh Anh Ngo ◽  
Ngan Huyen Nguyen ◽  
Kieu Thi Hanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Pi Deficiency

Rice is one of the most important crops but its productivity is severely threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Jasmonic acid and its derivatives (referred to JA) are the lipid-based plant hormones that were commonly known as regulators of plant growth, development and defense responses. In this study, we compare the physiological and molecular responses of two rice accessions, G38 (Nep_nuong) and G11 (Tam-tron) to JA treatment. G38 plants under JA treatment experienced a reduction in shoot length, root weight, shoot weight and total plant weight which suggested its sensitiveness to JA, whereas G11 plants showed a less reduction in these traits. The expression levels of 12 JA-related genes were investigated in order to better understand how the JA biosynthesis and responses differ in these two contrasting rice accessions. A significantly higher expression level of a set of genes related to JA biosynthesis, signaling and response in G11 compare to G38 was observed. Furthermore, the inorganic phosphorus starvation (Pi) response was also examined in the two varieties G11 and G38.  In low Pi condition (40 µM), G11 plants showed more roots, longer root length and shoot length, higher weight compared to the G38 plants which suggest that G11 did not suffer much effect of Pi deficiency. This study highlights the differences in JA growth response in 2 contrasting rice genotypes and also suggests the link between JA developmental response and the tolerance to the Pi starvation condition in rice.

scholarly journals Supplementary Light Source Affects the Growth and Development of Codonopsis lanceolata Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuxia Ren ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Hai Jeong ◽  
Byoung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Codonopsis Lanceolata ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Codonopsis lanceolata is widely used in traditional medicine and diets. However, there is no optimal protocol for the commercial production of C. lanceolata seedlings. This study was carried out to find the optimum supplementary light source for the production of C. lanceolata seedlings. Seedlings were grown for four weeks in a glasshouse with an average daily light intensity of 490 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) coming from the sun and a 16-h daily supplementary lighting at 120 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD from either high-pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH), far-red (FR), white LED (LED-w), or mixed (white: red: blue = 1:2:1) LEDs (LED-mix). The results showed that the greatest total biomass, stem diameter, ratio of shoot weight to shoot length, root biomass, and ratio of root weight to shoot weight were found in seedlings grown under supplementary LED-mix. Meanwhile, the stomatal properties and soluble sugar contents were improved for seedlings in LED-mix. The contents of starch, total phenols, and flavonoids were the greatest for seedlings in LED-w and LED-mix. The expression of photosynthetic proteins and genes in seedlings was also enhanced by LED-mix. Overall, these results suggest that LED-mix is advantageous to the photosynthetic potential and the accumulation of biomass, carbohydrates and secondary metabolites in C. lanceolata.

scholarly journals Biosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) Mitigate Arsenic Toxicity in Rice Seedlings

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Sehresh Khan ◽  
Nazneen Akhtar ◽  
Shafiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Shaukat Shujah ◽  
Eui Shik Rha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Fe3o4 Nps ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Shoot Weight

Arsenic (As) contamination has emerged as a serious public health concern worldwide because of its accumulation and mobility through the food chain. Therefore, the current study was planned to check the effect of Bacillus subtilis-synthesized iron oxide nano particles (Fe3O4 NP) on rice (Oryza Sativa L.) growth against arsenic stress (0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm). Iron oxide nanoparticles were extracellular synthesized from Bacillus subtilis with a desired shape and size. The formations of nanoparticles were differentiated through UV-Visible Spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD and SEM. The UV-Visible spectroscopy of Bacillus subtilis-synthesized nanoparticles showed that the iron oxide surface plasmon band occurs at 268 nm. FTIR results revealed that different functional groups (aldehyde, alkene, alcohol and phenol) were present on the surface of nanoparticles. The SEM image showed that particles were spherical in shape with an average size of 67.28 nm. Arsenic toxicity was observed in seed germination and young seedling stage. The arsenic application significantly reduced seed germination (35%), root and shoots length (1.25 and 2.00 cm), shoot/root ratio (0.289), fresh root and shoots weight (0.205 and 0.260 g), dry root and shoots weight (6.55 and 6.75 g), dry matter percentage of shoot (12.67) and root (14.91) as compared to control. Bacillus subtilis-synthesized Fe3O4 NPs treatments (5 ppm) remarkably increased the germination (65%), root and shoot length (2 and 3.45 cm), shoot/root ratio (1.24) fresh root and shoot weight (0.335 and 0.275 mg), dry root and shoot weight (11.75 and 10.6 mg) and dry matter percentage of shoot (10.40) and root (18.37). Results revealed that the application of Fe3O4 NPs alleviated the arsenic stress and enhanced the plant growth. This study suggests that Bacillus subtilus-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as nano-adsorbents in reducing arsenic toxicity in rice plants.

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