scholarly journals Diverse Roles of MAX1 Homologues in Rice

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Marek Marzec ◽  
Apriadi Situmorang ◽  
Philip B. Brewer ◽  
Agnieszka Brąszewska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Silico Analyses ◽  
Wax Synthesis

Cytochrome P450 enzymes encoded by MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1)-like genes produce most of the structural diversity of strigolactones during the final steps of strigolactone biosynthesis. The diverse copies of MAX1 in Oryza sativa provide a resource to investigate why plants produce such a wide range of strigolactones. Here we performed in silico analyses of transcription factors and microRNAs that may regulate each rice MAX1, and compared the results with available data about MAX1 expression profiles and genes co-expressed with MAX1 genes. Data suggest that distinct mechanisms regulate the expression of each MAX1. Moreover, there may be novel functions for MAX1 homologues, such as the regulation of flower development or responses to heavy metals. In addition, individual MAX1s could be involved in specific functions, such as the regulation of seed development or wax synthesis in rice. Our analysis reveals potential new avenues of strigolactone research that may otherwise not be obvious.

scholarly journals Diverse roles of MAX1 homologues in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Marzec ◽  
Apriadi Situmorang ◽  
Philip B. Brewer ◽  
Agnieszka Brąszewska-Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wax Synthesis

AbstractCytochrome P450 enzymes encoded by MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1)-like genes produce most of the structural diversity of strigolactones during the final steps of strigolactone biosynthesis. The diverse copies of MAX1 in Oryza sativa provide a resource to investigate why plants produce such a wide range of strigolactones. Here we performed in silico analyses of transcription factors and microRNAs that may regulate each rice MAX1, and compared the results with available data about MAX1 expression profiles and genes co-expressed with MAX1 genes. Data suggest that distinct mechanisms regulate the expression of each MAX1. Moreover, there may be novel functions for MAX1 homologues, such as the regulation of flower development or responses to heavy metals. In addition, individual MAX1s could be involved in specific functions, such as the regulation of seed development or wax synthesis in rice. Our analysis reveals potential new avenues of strigolactone research that may otherwise not be obvious.

Transcriptome-wide identification, characterization, and phylogenomic analysis of cytochrome P450s from Nothapodytes nimmoniana reveal candidate genes involved in the camptothecin biosynthetic pathway

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rucha C. Godbole ◽  
Anupama A. Pable ◽  
Vitthal T. Barvkar
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cytochrome P450s ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Nothapodytes Nimmoniana ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Genes ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Anticancer Compound

The plant Nothapodytes nimmoniana is an important source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer compound widely used in the treatment of colorectal, lung, and ovarian cancers. CPT is biosynthesized by the combination of the seco-iridoid and indole pathways in plants. The majority of the biosynthetic steps and associated genes still remain unknown. Certain reactions in the seco-iridoid pathway are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Hence, identifying transcriptionally active cytochrome P450 genes becomes essential in the elucidation of the CPT biosynthetic pathway. Here, we report the identification of 94 cytochrome P450s from the assembled transcriptomic data from leaf and root tissues of N. nimmoniana. The identified cytochrome P450 genes were full length and possessed all four conserved characteristic signature motifs of cytochrome P450 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the protein sequences revealed their evolution and diversification and further categorized them into A-type (52.12%) and non-A-type (47.87%) cytochrome P450s. These 94 sequences represent 38 families and 63 subfamilies of cytochrome P450s. We also compared the transcriptional activity of identified cytochrome P450s with the expression of their homologs in the CPT-producing plant Ophiorrhiza pumila. Based on expression profiles and quantitative PCR validation, we propose NnCYP81CB1 and NnCYP89R1 as candidate cytochrome P450 genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in N. nimmoniana.

Cholesterol, an essential molecule: diverse roles involving cytochrome P450 enzymes

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty J. McLean ◽  
Marcus Hans ◽  
Andrew W. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxidative Transformations ◽  
Statin Drugs ◽  
Rate Limiting

Cholesterol is an essential molecule for eukaryotic life and is an important precursor for a wide range of physiological processes. Biosynthesis and homoeostasis of cholesterol are complex mechanisms that are tightly regulated and interlinked with activities of a number of cytochrome P450 enzymes. These P450s play central critical roles in cholesterol metabolism. Key roles include a rate-limiting reaction in the synthesis of cholesterol itself, and in the oxidative transformations of cholesterol into steroid hormones and bile acids. However, microbial P450s also have important roles that impinge directly on human cholesterol synthesis and oxidation. Recent data reveal that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (which infects more than one-third of the world's human population) uses P450s to initiate breakdown of host cholesterol as an energy source. Microbial P450s also catalyse industrially important transformations in the synthesis of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs, with clear benefits to humans. The present article reviews the various roles of P450s in human cholesterol metabolism, from endogenous P450s through to microbial oxidases that enable catabolism of human cholesterol, or facilitate production of statins that regulate cholesterol production with positive outcomes in cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Cytochrome P450 Enzymes as Key Drivers of Alkaloid Chemical Diversification in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh-Don Nguyen ◽  
Thu-Thuy T. Dang
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Alkaloid Metabolism

Plants produce more than 20,000 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic metabolites called alkaloids. These chemicals serve numerous eco-physiological functions in the plants as well as medicines and psychedelic drugs for human for thousands of years, with the anti-cancer agent vinblastine and the painkiller morphine as the best-known examples. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a key role in generating the structural variety that underlies this functional diversity of alkaloids. Most alkaloid molecules are heavily oxygenated thanks to P450 enzymes’ activities. Moreover, the formation and re-arrangement of alkaloid scaffolds such as ring formation, expansion, and breakage that contribute to their structural diversity and bioactivity are mainly catalyzed by P450s. The fast-expanding genomics and transcriptomics databases of plants have accelerated the investigation of alkaloid metabolism and many players behind the complexity and uniqueness of alkaloid biosynthetic pathways. Here we discuss recent discoveries of P450s involved in the chemical diversification of alkaloids and how these inform our approaches in understanding plant evolution and producing plant-derived drugs.

Pharmacogenomics of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Tumours

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Downie ◽  
Patrick Rooney ◽  
Morag McFadyen ◽  
Graeme Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes

Control of Winged Waterprimrose (Jussiaea decurrens) and Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) with Fungal Pathogens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Boyette ◽  
G. E. Templeton ◽  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Region

An indigenous, host-specific, pathogenic fungus that parasitizes winged waterprimrose [Jussiaea decurrens(Walt.) DC.] is endemic in the rice growing region of Arkansas. The fungus was isolated and identified asColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f.sp. jussiaeae(CGJ). It is highly specific for parasitism of winged waterprimrose and not parasitic on creeping waterprimrose (J. repensL. var.glabrescensKtze.), rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 4 other crops and 13 other weeds. The fungus was physiologically distinct from C.gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(CGA), an endemic anthracnose pathogen of northern jointvetch[Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.], as indicated by cross inoculations of both weeds. Culture in the laboratory and inoculation of winged waterprimrose in greenhouse, growth chamber and field experiments indicated that the pathogen was stable, specific, and virulent in a wide range of environments. The pathogen yielded large quantities of spores in liquid culture. It is suitable for control of winged waterprimrose. Winged waterprimrose and northern jointvetch were controlled in greenhouse and field tests by application of spore mixtures of CGJ and CGA at concentrations of 1 to 2 million spores/ml of each fungus in 94 L/ha of water; the fungi did not damage rice or nontarget crops.

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