scholarly journals TaYS1A, a Yellow Stripe-Like Transporter Gene, Is Required for Wheat Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Xingxuan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Insight Into

Yellow stripe-like (YSL) transporters are required for the transportation of metal-phytosiderophores and are structurally related to metal-nicotianamine complexes. Some studies also reported the involvement of YSL transporters in pathogen-induced defense. However, the molecular mechanisms of YSL genes involved in biotic stress responses are still not clear, especially in cereal crops. This study aimed to functionally characterize TaYS1A during the interaction of wheat and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of stripe rust disease. TaYS1A was localized in the cell membrane of wheat protoplasts and Nicotiana benthamiana cells. TaYS1A was significantly up-regulated in wheat leaves after being infected with the avirulent Pst isolate CYR23 and after treatment with salicylic acid (SA). Silencing of TaYS1A by the virus-induced gene silencing method enhanced the susceptibility of wheat to Pst accompanied by reducing the accumulation of SA and H2O2 and down-regulating the transcriptions of TaPR1 and TaPR2. In addition, TaYS1A was found to interact with TaNH2, a homolog of OsNH2, by yeast-two-hybrid assay, and silencing of TaYS1A diminished the expression of TaNH2. Our findings suggested the existence of positive regulation of TaYS1A in providing resistance against Pst by modulating SA-induced signaling and offered new insight into the biological role of YSL in wheat against pathogens.

In Silico Identification of the Full Complement of Subtilase-Encoding Genes and Characterization of the Role of TaSBT1.7 in Resistance Against Stripe Rust in Wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. PHYTO-05-20-017
Author(s):  
Yuheng Yang ◽  
Fengfeng Zhang ◽  
Tianyu Zhou ◽  
Anfei Fang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Plant subtilases (SBTs) or subtilisin-like proteases comprise a very diverse family of serine peptidases that participates in a broad spectrum of biological functions. Despite increasing evidence for roles of SBTs in plant immunity in recent years, little is known about wheat (Triticum aestivum) SBTs (TaSBTs). Here, we identified 255 TaSBT genes from bread wheat using the latest version 2.0 of the reference genome sequence. The SBT family can be grouped into five clades, from TaSBT1 to TaSBT5, based on a phylogenetic tree constructed with deduced protein sequences. In silico protein-domain analysis revealed the existence of considerable sequence diversification of the TaSBT family which, together with the local clustered gene distribution, suggests that TaSBT genes have undergone extensive functional diversification. Among those TaSBT genes whose expression was altered by biotic factors, TaSBT1.7 was found to be induced in wheat leaves by chitin and flg22 elicitors, as well as six examined pathogens, implying a role for TaSBT1.7 in plant defense. Transient overexpression of TaSBT1.7 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in necrotic cell death. Moreover, knocking down TaSBT1.7 in wheat using barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing compromised the hypersensitive response and resistance against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stripe rust. Taken together, this study defined the full complement of wheat SBT genes and provided evidence for a positive role of one particular member, TaSBT1.7, in the incompatible interaction between wheat and a stripe rust pathogen.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle in Osteosarcoma

Sarcoma ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krithi Rao-Bindal ◽  
Eugenie S. Kleinerman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Insight Into

The role of genetic mutations in the development of osteosarcoma, such as alterations in p53 and Rb, is well understood. However, the significance of epigenetic mechanisms in the progression of osteosarcoma remains unclear and is increasingly being investigated. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations such as methylation and histone modifications of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of this tumor. Importantly, understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulation of these pathways may give insight into novel therapeutic strategies for patients with osteosarcoma. This paper serves to summarize the described epigenetic mechanisms in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma, specifically those pertaining to apoptosis and cell cycle regulation.

scholarly journals Genomic and Molecular Perspectives of Host-pathogen Interaction and Resistance Strategies against White Rust in Oilseed Mustard

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Chatterjee Anupriya ◽  
Nirwan Shradha ◽  
Bandyopadhyay Prasun ◽  
Agnihotri Abha ◽  
Sharma Pankaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Oilseed Brassicas ◽  
Insight Into

: Oilseed brassicas stand as the second most valuable source of vegetable oil and the third most traded one across the globe. However, the yield can be severely affected by infections caused by phytopathogens. White rust is a major oomycete disease of oilseed brassicas resulting in up to 60% yield loss globally. So far, success in the development of oomycete resistant Brassicas through conventional breeding has been limited. Hence, there is an imperative need to blend conventional and frontier biotechnological means to breed for improved crop protection and yield. : This review provides a deep insight into the white rust disease and explains the oomycete-plant molecular events with special reference to Albugo candida describing the role of effector molecules, A. candida secretome, and disease response mechanism along with nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) signaling. Based on these facts, we further discussed the recent progress and future scopes of genomic approaches to transfer white rust resistance in the susceptible varieties of oilseed brassicas, while elucidating the role of resistance and susceptibility genes. Novel genomic technologies have been widely used in crop sustainability by deploying resistance in the host. Enrichment of NLR repertoire, over-expression of R genes, silencing of avirulent and disease susceptibility genes through RNA interference and CRSPR-Cas are technologies which have been successfully applied against pathogen-resistance mechanism. The article provides new insight into Albugo and Brassica genomics which could be useful for producing high yielding and WR resistant oilseed cultivars across the globe.

Regulation of TRPV5 and TRPV6 by associated proteins

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. F1295-F1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan F. J. van de Graaf ◽  
Joost G. J. Hoenderop ◽  
René J. M. Bindels
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Trp Channel ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Blood Compartment ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Prime Target

The epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 are the most Ca2+-selective members of the TRP channel superfamily. These channels are the prime target for hormonal control of the active Ca2+ flux from the urine space or intestinal lumen to the blood compartment. Insight into their regulation is, therefore, pivotal in our understanding of the (patho)physiology of Ca2+ homeostasis. The recent elucidation of TRPV5/6-associated proteins has provided new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these channels. In this review, we describe the various means of TRPV5/6 regulation, the role of channel-associated proteins herein, and the relationship between both processes.

scholarly journals TaMCA4, a Novel Wheat Metacaspase Gene Functions in Programmed Cell Death Induced by the Fungal Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Chunlei Tang ◽  
Pengfei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Bax Gene

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a physiological process to remove redundant or harmful cells, for the development of multicellular organisms, or for restricting the spread of pathogens (hypersensitive response). Metacaspases are cysteine-dependent proteases which play an essential role in PCD. Triticum aestivum metacaspase 4 (TaMCA4) is a type II metacaspase gene cloned from ‘Suwon11’ wheat, with typical structural features such as peptidase C14 caspase domain and a long linker sequence between the two subunits. Transient expression of TaMCA4 in tobacco leaves failed to induce PCD directly but enhanced cell death triggered by a mouse Bax gene or a candidate effector gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Enhancement of PCD was also observed in wheat leaves co-bombarded with TaMCA4. When challenged with the avirulent race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, the expression level of TaMCA4 in wheat leaves was sharply upregulated, whereas the transcript level was not significantly induced by the virulent race. Moreover, knocking down TaMCA4 expression by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced the susceptibility of Suwon11 to the avirulent race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and reduced the necrotic area at infection sites.

MicroRNA-1225-5p acts as a tumor-suppressor in laryngeal cancer via targeting CDC14B

2019 ◽  
Vol 400 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Sun ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Haiping Huang ◽  
Yafeng Yu ◽  
Zhendong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the role of miRNA-1225-5p (miR-1225) in laryngeal carcinoma (LC). We found that the expression of miR-1225 was suppressed in human LC samples, while CDC14B (cell division cycle 14B) expression was reinforced in comparison with surrounding normal tissues. We also demonstrated that enhanced expression of miR-1225 impaired the proliferation and survival of LC cells, and resulted in G1/S cell cycle arrest. In contrast, reduced expression of miR-1225 promoted cell survival. Moreover, miR-1225 resulted in G1/S cell cycle arrest and enhanced cell death. Further, miR-1225 targets CDC14B 3′-UTR and recovery of CDC14B expression counteracted the suppressive influence of miR-1225 on LC cells. Thus, these findings offer insight into the biological and molecular mechanisms behind the development of LC.

scholarly journals Role of the Ubiquitin System in Chronic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiurong Cheng ◽  
Yingdong Deng ◽  
Jun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Deubiquitinating Enzyme ◽  
Ubiquitin System ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

As a significant public health issue, chronic pain, mainly neuropathic pain (NP) and inflammatory pain, has a severe impact. The underlying mechanisms of chronic pain are enigmatic at present. The roles of ubiquitin have been demonstrated in various physiological and pathological conditions and underscore its potential as therapeutic targets. The dysfunction of the component of the ubiquitin system that occurs during chronic pain is rapidly being discovered. These results provide insight into potential molecular mechanisms of chronic pain. Chronic pain is regulated by ubiquitination, SUMOylation, ubiquitin ligase, and deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), etc. Insight into the mechanism of the ubiquitin system regulating chronic pain might contribute to relevant therapeutic targets and the development of novel analgesics.

scholarly journals TaClpS1, Negatively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Abstract Background: The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results: Here, we identified and characterized wheat (Triticum aestivum) ClpS1 (TaClpS1). TaClpS1 encoded 161 amino acids, contained a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1-32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knock-down of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the growth of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions: These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

scholarly journals TaClpS1, Negatively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Abstract Background: The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results: Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum) ClpS1 (TaClpS1) was studied and resulted to encode 161 amino acids, containing a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1-32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knockdown of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in wheat resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the number of haustoria, length of infection hypha and infection area of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions: These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

scholarly journals TaClpS1, Negatively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Abstract Background: The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results: Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum) ClpS1 (TaClpS1) was studied and resulted to encode 161 amino acids, containing a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1-32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knockdown of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in wheat resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the number of haustoria, length of infection hypha and infection area of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions: These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

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