scholarly journals miRNA Profiling in the Chicken Liver under the Influence of Early Microbiota Stimulation with Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Michalina Sikorska ◽  
Maria Siwek ◽  
Anna Slawinska ◽  
Aleksandra Dunislawska
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Microarray Experiments ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Expression Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a form of interaction of the external environment on reading and transcription of genetic information encoded in nucleic acids. We provided evidence that early stimulation of the chicken microbiota with in ovo delivered synbiotics influenced gene expression and DNA methylation in the liver. Therefore, we hypothesize that the stimulation of microbiota by administering bioactive substances in ovo also affects the activity of miRNA in liver. For the analysis of miRNA activity, RNA was isolated from liver of adult broiler chicken and native chicken breed. The animals received a prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic in ovo on day 12 of egg incubation. The analysis of miRNA expression was performed using the LNA method on a miRNA panel selected on the basis of previous microarray experiments. We have found increased miRNA expression activity after probiotic and synbiotic administration, especially in native chicken breed. Our results suggest that prebiotics reduce or do not affect miRNA activity. We have also shown that miRNA activity is regulated by the substance and genotype of the chicken. We can conclude that miRNAs constitute an important component of the molecular mechanism of host–probiotic interaction in liver.

scholarly journals Interaction between early in ovo stimulation of the gut microbiota and chicken host – splenic changes in gene expression and methylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dunislawska ◽  
A. Slawinska ◽  
M. Gryzinska ◽  
M. Siwek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Abstract Background Epigenetic regulation of the gene expression results from interaction between the external environment and transcription of the genetic information encoded in DNA. Methylated CpG regions within the gene promoters lead to silencing of the gene expression in most cases. Factors contributing to epigenetic regulation include intestinal microbiota, which in chicken can be potently modified by in ovo stimulation. The main aim of this study was to determine global and specific methylation patterns of the spleen under the influence of host-microbiome interaction. Results Fertilized eggs of two genotypes: Ross 308 and Green-legged Partridgelike were in ovo stimulated on d 12 of incubation. The injected compounds were as follows: probiotic – Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB477, prebiotic – galactooligosaccharides, and synbiotic – combination of both. Chickens were sacrificed on d 42 post-hatching. Spleen was collected, RNA and DNA were isolated and intended to gene expression, gene methylation and global methylation analysis. We have proved that negative regulation of gene expression after administration of bioactive substances in ovo might have epigenetic character. Epigenetic changes depend on the genotype and the substance administered in ovo. Conclusion Epigenetic nature of microbial reprogramming in poultry and extension of issues related to host-microbiome interaction is a new direction of this research.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Early in Ovo Stimulation of the Gut Microbiota and Chicken Host – Splenic Changes in Gene Expression and Methylation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Dunislawska ◽  
Anna Slawinska ◽  
Magdalena Gryzinska ◽  
Maria Siwek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Rna And Dna

Abstract Epigenetic regulation of the gene expression results from interaction between the external environment and transcription of the genetic information encoded in DNA. Methylated CpG regions within the gene promoters lead to silencing of the gene expression. Factors contributing to epigenetic regulation include intestinal microbiota, which in chicken can be potently modified by in ovo stimulation. The main aim of this study was to determine global and specific methylation patterns for the spleen under the influence of host-microbiome interaction. Incubating eggs were in ovo stimulated on day 12 of incubation in two chicken genotypes: Ross broilers and Green-legged Partridgelike. The injected compounds included: probiotic – Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, prebiotic – galactooligosaccharides, and synbiotic – combination of both. Chickens were sacrificed on day 42 post-hatching. Spleen was collected, RNA and DNA were isolated and intended to gene expression, gene methylation and global methylation analysis. We have proved that negative regulation of gene expression after administration of bioactive substances in ovo might have epigenetic character. Epigenetic changes depend on the genotype and the substance administered in ovo. Epigenetic nature of microbial reprogramming in poultry and extension of issues related to host-microbiome interaction is a new direction of this research.

scholarly journals Interaction between Early in Ovo Stimulation of the Gut Microbiota and Chicken Host – Splenic Changes in Gene Expression and Methylation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Dunislawska ◽  
Anna Slawinska ◽  
Magdalena Gryzinska ◽  
Maria Siwek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Rna And Dna

Abstract Background: Epigenetic regulation of the gene expression results from interaction between the external environment and transcription of the genetic information encoded in DNA. Methylated CpG regions within the gene promoters lead to silencing of the gene expression. Factors contributing to epigenetic regulation include intestinal microbiota, which in chicken can be potently modified by in ovo stimulation. The main aim of this study was to determine global and specific methylation patterns for the spleen under the influence of host-microbiome interaction. Results: Incubating eggs were in ovo stimulated on day 12 of incubation in two chicken genotypes: Ross broilers and Green-legged Partridgelike. The injected compounds included: probiotic – Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, prebiotic – galactooligosaccharides, and synbiotic – combination of both. Chickens were sacrificed on day 42 post-hatching. Spleen was collected, RNA and DNA were isolated and intended to gene expression, gene methylation and global methylation analysis. We have proved that negative regulation of gene expression after administration of bioactive substances in ovo might have epigenetic character. Epigenetic changes depend on the genotype and the substance administered in ovo. Conclusion: Epigenetic nature of microbial reprogramming in poultry and extension of issues related to host-microbiome interaction is a new direction of this research.

scholarly journals Polyamines regulate gene expression by stimulating translation of histone acetyltransferase mRNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (26) ◽  
pp. 8736-8745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Sakamoto ◽  
Yusuke Terui ◽  
Takeshi Uemura ◽  
Kazuei Igarashi ◽  
Keiko Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferases ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Regulate Gene ◽  
Stimulation Of

Polyamines regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli by translationally stimulating mRNAs encoding global transcription factors. In this study, we focused on histone acetylation, one of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression, to attempt to clarify the role of polyamines in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. We found that activities of histone acetyltransferases in both the nucleus and cytoplasm decreased significantly in polyamine-reduced mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A cells. Although protein levels of histones H3 and H4 did not change in control and polyamine-reduced cells, acetylation of histones H3 and H4 was greatly decreased in the polyamine-reduced cells. Next, we used control and polyamine-reduced cells to identify histone acetyltransferases whose synthesis is stimulated by polyamines. We found that polyamines stimulate the translation of histone acetyltransferases GCN5 and HAT1. Accordingly, GCN5- and HAT1-catalyzed acetylation of specific lysine residues on histones H3 and H4 was stimulated by polyamines. Consistent with these findings, transcription of genes required for cell proliferation was enhanced by polyamines. These results indicate that polyamines regulate gene expression by enhancing the expression of the histone acetyltransferases GCN5 and HAT1 at the level of translation. Mechanistically, polyamines enhanced the interaction of microRNA-7648-5p (miR-7648-5p) with the 5′-UTR of GCN5 mRNA, resulting in stimulation of translation due to the destabilization of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) between the 5′-UTR and the ORF of GCN5 mRNA. Because HAT1 mRNA has a short 5′-UTR, polyamines may enhance initiation complex formation directly on this mRNA.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Induced by Butyrate in Colorectal Cancer: Involvement of MicroRNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1179237X1772990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen S Bishop ◽  
Huawen Xu ◽  
Gareth Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Fibre ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality globally. Development of CRC is closely associated with lifestyle, and diet may modulate risk. A Western-style diet is characterised by a high intake of red meat but low consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole cereals. Such a diet is associated with CRC risks. It has been demonstrated that butyrate, produced by the fermentation of dietary plant fibre, can alter both genetic and epigenetic expressions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are commonly present in both normal and tumour cells. Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with CRC initiation, progression, and metastasis. In addition, butyrate can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and miRNA expression in CRC. In this review, the effects of butyrate on modulating miRNA expression in CRC will be discussed. Furthermore, evidence on the effect of butyrate on CRC risk through reducing oncogenic miRNA expression will be presented.

scholarly journals Molecular Response in Intestinal and Immune Tissues to in Ovo Administration of Inulin and the Combination of Inulin and Lactobacillus lactis Subsp. cremoris

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Dunislawska ◽  
Agnieszka Herosimczyk ◽  
Adam Lepczynski ◽  
Petr Slama ◽  
Anna Slawinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Immune Tissues ◽  
Lactobacillus Lactis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Intestinal microbiota are a key factor in maintaining good health and production results in chickens. They play an important role in the stimulation of immune responses, as well as in metabolic processes and nutrient digestion. Bioactive substances such as prebiotics, probiotics, or a combination of the two (synbiotic) can effectively stimulate intestinal microbiota and therefore replace antibiotic growth promoters. Intestinal microbiota might be stimulated at the early stage of embryo development in ovo. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and immune response after the administration of inulin and a synbiotic, in which lactic acid bacteria were combined with inulin in the intestines and immune tissues of chicken broilers. The experiment was performed on male broiler chickens. Eggs were incubated for 21 days in a commercial hatchery. On day 12 of egg incubation, inulin as a prebiotic and inulin with Lactobacillus lactis subsp. cremoris as a synbiotic were delivered to the egg chamber. The control group was injected with physiological saline. On day 35 post-hatching, birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed. Tissues (spleen, cecal tonsils, and large intestine) were collected and intended for RNA isolation. The gene panel (ABCG8, HNF4A, ACOX2, APBB1IP, BRSK2, APOA1, and IRS2) was selected based on the microarray dataset and biological functions of genes related to the energy metabolism and immune responses. Isolated RNA was analyzed using the RT-qPCR method, and the relative gene expression was calculated. In our experiment, distinct effects of prebiotics and synbiotics following in ovo delivery were manifested in all analyzed tissues, with the lowest number of genes with altered expression shown in the large intestines of broilers. The results demonstrated that prebiotics or synbiotics provide a potent stimulation of gene expression in the spleen and cecal tonsils of broiler chickens. The overall number of gene expression levels and the magnitude of their changes in the spleen and cecal tonsils were higher in the group of synbiotic chickens compared to the prebiotic group.

scholarly journals The role of miRNA in selected tumors development: Potential use in diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Patrycja Paciorek ◽  
Mariusz Żuberek ◽  
Agnieszka Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Cancer Information ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Experimental Therapies ◽  
Oncological Diagnostics ◽  
Potential Use

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ribonucleic acid molecules that, although not translated, perform an important regulatory function in eukaryotic cells. Their physiological function is to maintain cell homeostasis. Impaired miRNA expression can cause the development of many diseases including cancer. MiRNA biological activity is based on inhibiting the formation of proteins, including oncogenic and anti-oncogenic proteins. Mutations at the coding sites for such miRNAs can lead to overproduction or reduction of the production of the above-mentioned proteins. The discovery of miRNAs and understanding their role in the cell opened new ways for diagnosing cancer. Therefore, changes in the level of relevant miRNAs in the bloodstream or other bodily fluids can be a diagnostic marker of disease. Oncological diagnostics could be based on examining the patient’s miRNA profile and comparing it with previously developed profiles of miRNAs changes associated with the occurrence of a given type of cancer. Information on changes in miRNA profiles that are key to regulating gene expression associated with tumorigenic processes could contribute to the development of experimental therapies based on restoring the original level of miRNA in cells and thereby restoring normal regulation of gene expression. New methods of silencing and enabling miRNA expression may, in the future, result in effective therapeutic solutions.

161 Epigenetic Changes in Poultry Due to Reprogramming of the Gut Microbiota at an Early Stage of Embryonic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Dunislawska
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Rna Molecules

Abstract Epigenetic regulation of the gene expression is an interaction of the external environment with the genetic information. They are potentially heritable changes in the gene expression which does not involve alteration in DNA sequence and can be triggered by microRNA activity and DNA methylation. MicroRNA is fraction of small RNA molecules that have a fundamental impact on gene expression. DNA methylation inhibits DNA transcription by addition of the methyl residues to the cysteine within the CpG islands of the gene promoters. These processes can be modulated by environmental factors, such as intestinal microbiota modification. In poultry, the microbiota can be reprogrammed using in ovo technology at an early stage of embryo development. The intestinal microbiota is therefore stimulated and rearranged by injecting bioactive substances into air chamber of eggs on the day 12 of incubation. We have proved that the administration of lactic acid bacteria strains and galactooligosaccharide in ovo is effective in modulating of the intestinal microbiota. The administration of bioactive compounds has been demonstrated to influence gene expression in immune, intestinal and metabolic tissues. However, it has been noticed that a significant part of genes is silenced. In our experiment after in ovo administration of the substances in different genotypes (chicken broiler and native Polish breed) the range of tissues was collected: liver, caecal tonsils, spleen. By performing the bioinformatic analysis of the expression microarray, silenced genes and active miRNAs were selected. Methylation was analysed using the global and MSP-qPCR method, and analysis of miRNA activity using miRCURY LNA PCR Systems. We confirmed that negative regulation of the gene expression have epigenetic character and its mechanism depends on the genotype and the substance administered in ovo. Epigenetic nature of research is new direction of host-microbiome interaction. Research was financed by grant UMO-2017/25/N/NZ9/01822 funded by National Science Centre (Poland).

Linking transcription, RNA polymerase II elongation and alternative splicing

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (16) ◽  
pp. 3091-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana E. Giono ◽  
Alberto R. Kornblihtt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Transcription Elongation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Eukaryotic Transcription

Gene expression is an intricately regulated process that is at the basis of cell differentiation, the maintenance of cell identity and the cellular responses to environmental changes. Alternative splicing, the process by which multiple functionally distinct transcripts are generated from a single gene, is one of the main mechanisms that contribute to expand the coding capacity of genomes and help explain the level of complexity achieved by higher organisms. Eukaryotic transcription is subject to multiple layers of regulation both intrinsic — such as promoter structure — and dynamic, allowing the cell to respond to internal and external signals. Similarly, alternative splicing choices are affected by all of these aspects, mainly through the regulation of transcription elongation, making it a regulatory knob on a par with the regulation of gene expression levels. This review aims to recapitulate some of the history and stepping-stones that led to the paradigms held today about transcription and splicing regulation, with major focus on transcription elongation and its effect on alternative splicing.

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