scholarly journals Overexpression of Orange Gene (OsOr-R115H) Enhances Heat Tolerance and Defense-Related Gene Expression in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Jung ◽  
Ji Yun Go ◽  
Hyo Ju Lee ◽  
Jung Soon Park ◽  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

In plants, the orange (Or) gene plays roles in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and responses to environmental stress. The present study investigated whether the expression of rice Or (OsOr) gene could enhance rice tolerance to heat stress conditions. The OsOr gene was cloned and constructed with OsOr or OsOr-R115H (leading to Arg to His substitution at position 115 on the OsOr protein), and transformed into rice plants. The chlorophyll contents and proline contents of transgenic lines were significantly higher than those of non-transgenic (NT) plants under heat stress conditions. However, we found that the levels of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde in transgenic lines were significantly reduced compared to NT plants under heat stress conditions. In addition, the levels of expression of four genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes (OsAPX2, OsCATA, OsCATB, OsSOD-Cu/Zn) and five genes (OsLEA3, OsDREB2A, OsDREB1A, OsP5CS, SNAC1) responded to abiotic stress was showed significantly higher in the transgenic lines than NT plants under heat stress conditions. Therefore, OsOr-R115H could be exploited as a promising strategy for developing new rice cultivars with improved heat stress tolerance.

Molecular mechanisms accompanying nitric oxide signalling through tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation of proteins in plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Jain ◽  
Satish C. Bhatla
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Tyrosine Nitration ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Tissue System ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Ros Scavenging Enzymes

Nitric oxide (NO) signalling in plants is responsible for modulation of a variety of plant developmental processes. Depending on the tissue system, the signalling of NO-modulated biochemical responses majorly involves the processes of tyrosine nitration or S-nitrosylation of specific proteins/enzymes. It has further been observed that there is a significant impact of various biotic/abiotic stress conditions on the extent of tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation of various metabolic enzymes, which may act as a positive or negative modulator of the specific routes associated with adaptive mechanisms employed by plants under the said stress conditions. In addition to recent findings on the modulation of enzymes of primary metabolism by NO through these two biochemical mechanisms, a major mechanism for regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under stress conditions has also been found to be through tyrosine nitration or S-nitrosylation of ROS-scavenging enzymes. Recent investigations have further highlighted the differential manner in which the ROS-scavenging enzymes may be S-nitrosylated and tyrosine nitrated, with reference to their tissue distribution. Keeping in mind the very recent findings on these aspects, the present review has been prepared to provide an analytical view on the significance of protein tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation in plant development.

scholarly journals Constitutive Overexpressing At.TC Improves Drought-mediated Oxidative Tolerance in Transgenic Brassica Napus L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Sobhanverdi ◽  
Atefeh Majidi ◽  
Alireza Abbasi ◽  
Zahra Asghari Mollabashi ◽  
Manijeh Sabokdast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Oxidative Tolerance ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Relative Gene

Abstract Background: Environmental stresses are the most important factors limiting crops production in worldwide. Tocopherol, belonging to family of vitamin E compounds, is an amphipathic antioxidants involved in oxidative responses. In the current study, we generated transgenic canola plants overexpressing Arabidopsis VTE1 gene (At.TC) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens system. Methods and results: The putative transgenic plants were successfully regenerated and acclimated in greenhouse conditions. The transcriptional activity of the At.TC gene was evaluated by RT-PCR. In addition, the relative gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR confirmed an increased expression pattern of the transformed gene in canola transgenic lines, with the highest level in R. Line1. Given the results, the transgenic plants, particularly H. Line1 and R. Line2 showed a lower lipid peroxidation compared to WTs under FC 30%. Moreover, two ROS scavenging enzymes including CAT and PPO were up-regulated in transgenic lines; however, no significant pattern was observed for Ascorbate Peroxidase. Also, the amount of leaf tocopherol was significantly more in all T1 lines under drought stress (FC 30%). Conclusion: Taken together, here we successfully developed transgenic lines overexpressing At.TC gene constituently throughout the plant. The results confirmed that the generated transgenic plants are resistant to drought stress, thereby paving the way toward introducing canola plants to deal with the climate change and water shortage.

Identification of differentially expressed genes under heat stress conditions in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1935-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustaq Mohammed S. Wahab ◽  
Srividhya Akkareddy ◽  
P. Shanthi ◽  
P. Latha
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed

scholarly journals Exploring Morpho-Physiological Variation for Heat Stress Tolerance in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Samikshya Bhattarai ◽  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Desire Djidonou ◽  
Daniel Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Texas tomato production is vulnerable to extreme heat in the spring-summer cropping period, which is exacerbated by the lack of superior genetic materials that can perform well in such environments. There is a dire need for selecting superior varieties that can adapt to warm environments and exhibit high yield stability under heat stress conditions. This research aimed at identifying heat-tolerant varieties under heat-stress conditions in controlled and open-field environments and was carried out in three stages. For the first experiment, 43 varieties were screened based on yield responses in natural open-field environment. From those, 18 varieties were chosen and exposed to control (greenhouse: 26/20 °C) and constant heat-stress (growth-chamber: 34/24 °C) conditions for three months. Measurements were done for chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height, stem diameter and heat injury index (HII). The last experiment was conducted in an open field with a pool of varieties selected from the first and second experiments. Leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD value, electrolyte leakage, heat injury index and yield were assessed. From the combined studies, we concluded that heat-tolerant genotypes selected by using chlorophyll fluorescence and HII in controlled heat-stress conditions also exhibited heat-tolerance in open-field environments. Electrolyte leakage and HII best distinguished tomato varieties in open-field environments as plants with low electrolyte leakage and HII had higher total yield. 'Heat Master,' 'New Girl,' 'HM-1823,' 'Rally,' 'Valley Girl,' 'Celebrity,' and 'Tribeca' were identified as high heat-tolerant varieties. Through trait correlation analysis we provide a better understanding of which traits could be useful for screening and breeding other heat-tolerant tomato varieties.

scholarly journals ROS Defense Systems and Terminal Oxidases in Bacteria

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Vitaliy B. Borisov ◽  
Sergey A. Siletsky ◽  
Martina R. Nastasi ◽  
Elena Forte
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Terminal Oxidases ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Respiratory Chains ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprise the superoxide anion (O2·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). ROS can damage a variety of macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, and compromise cell viability. To prevent or reduce ROS-induced oxidative stress, bacteria utilize different ROS defense mechanisms, of which ROS scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases, are the best characterized. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that some of the terminal oxidases in bacterial respiratory chains may also play a protective role against ROS. The present review covers this role of terminal oxidases in light of recent findings.

Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Malumpong ◽  
S. Cheabu ◽  
C. Mongkolsiriwatana ◽  
W. Detpittayanan ◽  
A. Vanavichit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Plant Parts

AbstractThe reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes of Hsf genes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of six HsfA genes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of the HsfA2a gene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.

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