scholarly journals Cognitive Differences and Influencing Factors of Chinese People’s Old-Age Care Responsibility against the Ageing Background

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ruilian Zhang ◽  
Shengping Peng
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Care Service ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

With the rapid increase in the ageing population (60+) in China since 1999, the problem of supporting the aged is facing increasingly severe challenges. Based on the 2072 valid samples from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2017, a non-sequential multinomial logistic regression model was established to analyse the changing trends and micro-influencing factors of Chinese people’s cognition of old-age care responsibility (COACR). The result shows that offspring responsibility still is a common COACR, but this concept has been gradually weakened and been replaced by the responsibility of the government and the aged. Individual characteristics and relationships with relatives in the models all significantly affect people’s COACR. It is obviously unrealistic for China to completely rely on government and society to provide for the aged. The traditional ethical role of inter-generational responsibility in providing for the aged should be brought into play. Reshaping the inter-generational responsibility ethics of old-age care requires the joint efforts of government, society, families, individuals and other responsible subjects to construct a diversified old-age care service system.

Social Policy and Political Trust: Evidence from the New Rural Pension Scheme in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 644-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonglu Li ◽  
Xiaogang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Old Age Support ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
Rights Consciousness

AbstractThis article analyses the data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to investigate the effects of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) on people's political trust and policy expectations in China. Results from difference-in-differences (DID) analyses show that those in the NRPS pilot areas reported higher levels of trust in government at both central and local levels than their counterparts in non-NRPS areas, with the former gaining more support than the latter. Moreover, the potential NRPS beneficiaries show similarly higher levels of trust in both central and local governments than non-NRPS beneficiaries. However, the policy did not increase rural residents’ rights consciousness that the government should take the main responsibility for the provision of the old-age support. These findings suggest that citizens' political trust under an authoritarian regime is mainly determined by the material benefits they receive.

scholarly journals The Influence of Household Income, Education, Gender on Fertility Willingness in Contemporary China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
The Ideal

Why does the birthrate in China continuously decline? Why are Chinese people unwilling to have children now even after the One-Child Policy has been abandoned? I propose that the government policy was not the single crucial factor affecting the reduction of births in China. Household income, education, and gender also may have played a role. I use the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey to analyze the relationships between these three factors and the ideal number of children. The sample size of this subset is 2,373. Ordinary least square regression reveals that the ideal number of children increases as household income increases, while increasing education reduces the ideal number of children. Gender of potential parents does not have an effect on predicting the ideal number of children. The findings support the effects of household income and education on fertility willingness but reject that of gender. This study contributes to a sociological perspective on the demography of China. It suggests from an institutional perspective which factors would need to be changed to increase individuals’ fertility willingness.

Americans’ Attitudes Toward Welfare State Spending for Old-Age Programs: An Analysis of Period and Cohort Differences

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Dietz ◽  
Melissa Castora
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Old Age ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
State Spending ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
The Government

Using data from the General Social Survey the current study examines period and cohort differences in attitudes toward welfare state spending for old age programs. Using the Torres-Gil classification system, the study uses cross-sectional data from the 1984–2004 waves of data to identify any differences by period and cohort group membership in whether or not it is the government’s responsibility to provide a decent standard of living for older adults, whether or not respondents felt that the current level of spending for Social Security was adequate, and whether or not respondents were willing to make sacrifices such as paying higher taxes to pay for greater retirement benefits. The findings suggest that the generational conflict that many suggested might arise has not come to fruition. Indeed, the youngest cohorts in these analysis were the most likely to support higher taxes to pay for better retirement benefits. Perhaps more interesting were the findings that there were no significant period effects for whether or not the government was responsible for providing a decent standard of living but there were such effects when examining whether or not Social Security funding levels were adequate.

scholarly journals Perceived Financial Adequacy in Old Age: A Case Study in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Aris Ananta ◽  
Evi Nurvidya Arifin ◽  
Ahman Irsan A Moeis
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Government

Studies on perceived financial adequacy (PFA) among older persons are mostly about developed countries. However, the ageing population is undergoing an even faster rate in developing countries. This paper fills this gap, by examining economic–social factors associated with PFA in Indonesia, a developing country. The analysis uses statistics derived from three nationwide surveys conducted in 2015, enriched with insights on retirement income and retirement age derived from two online surveys, conducted in 2016/2017 and 2018. The result shows consistency in the pattern of objective income and PFA. This paper also finds that intensity of working and flexibility in working are positively associated with PFA. Better health and better living environment are positively associated with PFA. Finally, social assistance is negatively related to PFA. It reveals that older persons may not have been able to maintain the standard of living they had before retirement. Workers (future retirees) may want much higher retirement income and work longer as working is still the only reliable source of financial support in old age. It therefore recommends that the retirement age is raised, health is improved, decent living environment is enhanced, and the government continues with social assistance programmes.

scholarly journals How Does New-Type Urbanization Affect the Subjective Well-Being of Urban and Rural Residents? Evidence from 28 Provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13098
Author(s):  
Chu Li ◽  
Jinming Yan ◽  
Ze Xu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Household Registration ◽  
Registration System ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the National New-type Urbanization Plan (2014–2020) put forward the novel principle of “people-oriented” policy. Has the Chinese government’s plan achieved the expected results? To answer this question, the present study evaluates the impacts of New-type Urbanization on the subjective well-being (SWB) of residents. Based on the IV Ordered Probit Model and the data of Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), we determined that (1) living in cities has a positive impact on SWB, and this impact is significant at a statistical level of 1%; (2) urban household registration (hukou) has no significant impact on SWB; and (3) “Gender”, “Income”, “Job”, “Politics”, “Education”, “Marriage”, and “Health” have significant effects on SWB. To improve residents’ SWB, the government should enhance the attractiveness of the city and significantly reform the household registration system.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Opportunities for Malaysian Women in Ageing Care Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Shaista Noor ◽  
Filzah Md. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Malaysian Women

Malaysia is a developing country and a drastic increase in the elderly population is recorded from the year 2005, ageing population age 60 and above recorded as 7 %, which is predicted to be doubled to 14 % until the year 2028. Thus, the ageing care industry in Malaysia needs to grow for healthy ageing. The growth of the ageing care industry will help the government to control the issues, especially in elderly care service and residency. Malaysia is still young in elderly care as compared to older countries. There are 365 registered ageing care centres, and women run very few of them. However, women personality attributes such as soft nature, politeness, care, patience fit to the requirement of the ageing care industry. Among Malaysian women, entrepreneurship is on the rise due to governmental support, whereas; women entrepreneurship in the service industry is limited. However, women entry in the ageing care industry will open new avenues to cater to the demand of the ageing population and help to control the issues of the older population. The service industry also carries immense potential for women entrepreneurship. This study is conducted to understand the entrepreneurial opportunities for women in the ageing care industry. The study adopts the qualitative research strategy and focus group conducted with ten women entrepreneurs in the ageing care industry and five experts. The results highlight that initiative should take for the promotion and encouragement of women entry in the ageing care industry. The study recommends the validation and promotion of Malaysian women entrepreneurial activities in the ageing care industry. Keywords: entrepreneurship, women, ageing, industry, opportunities

scholarly journals The influencing factors of metabolic syndrome and the impact of oral health of aged 50 and older Koreans: from the 6th Knhanes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Moon-Hee Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The study on relationship between metabolic syndrome and oral health, is rare. We investigated to find out the correlation of metabolic syndrome and oral health. We investigated to find out the correlation of metabolic syndrome and oral health with the data from the 6th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Metabolic syndrome was defined as National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel. To analyze influencing factors of metabolic syndrome, multivariable logistic regression was used. Our results showed that gender (male) (OR 1.86; 95%CI: 1.27-2.72; p<.05) and not taking dietary supplements (OR 1.74; 95%CI: 1.22-2.48; p<.05) factors were the most influencing factors of metabolic syndrome. And then, presence of stress (OR1.59; 95%CI: 1.28-1.98; p<.05), lowest education level (elementary) (OR1.48; 95%CI: 0.98-2.21; p=.05) and oral health (periodontitis) (OR1.39; 95%CI: 1.09-1.78; p<.05) factors were showed as the next strong factors of metabolic syndrome in order. We highlighted on the impact of oral health in metabolic syndrome including chewing difficulty as well as periodontitis. And to prevent metabolic syndrome cause of serious disability and lowering quality of life, we tried to find out the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome considering of this study with diverse view point such as adding the dietary supplements as dietary habit, stress as psychological value, and sedentary time as health-related factors. The government and public health associates should do urgently preparing the policies and strategies focusing on gender disparities, dietary supplements and oral health to prevent metabolic syndrome among ageing population.

scholarly journals AN AGEING POPULATION AND EXTERNAL DEBT: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nur Hayati Abd Rahman ◽  
Shafinar Ismail ◽  
Abdul Rahim Ridzuan
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Debt Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio ◽  
The Impact

A rise in the ageing population is the current demographic challenge which is capable of pressuring the government to borrow more external funds in order to support domestic needs. This study aims to investigate the effects of the external debt of 36 upper-middle-income economies from 2000 to 2017 due to the increase in the ageing population. This study employed the system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), where it revealed that the ageing population could increase the level of external debt if the population aged 65 and above was used as a proxy to represent the ageing population. However, the results were insignificant when the proxy was changed to the old-age dependency ratio. It illustrated that the increase in external debt occurs due to the increase in the population aged 65 and above because the government has to allocate more funds for healthcare, age-friendly infrastructure, social security and pensions. However, the dependency of the older people on government is minimal because of their long-term savings. Hence, the old-age dependency ratio has an insignificant relationship with the external debt level. For future research, it is suggested that the impact of the ageing population can be investigated on the domestic debt level.

Do expectations for post-retirement family and government support crowd out pre-retirement savings? Insights from the working-age population in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nopphol Witvorapong ◽  
Yong Yoon ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Family Transfers ◽  
Retirement Expectations ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government

Abstract Based on nationally representative data (N = 8,901), this study investigates the extent to which expectations for intra-family transfers and government assistance in old age impact the probability of saving for retirement among working-age individuals in Thailand. Results show that expectations for financial non-self-reliance and expectations that family support would constitute the most important source of old-age financial security reduce the probability that working-age individuals would save for retirement. Expectations for government support have no impact on average. Given that filial piety is weakening in Thailand, this study suggests that the government encourage pre-retirement savings more strongly.

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