scholarly journals Lung Ultrasound in Pediatrics and Neonatology: An Update

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Angela Ammirabile ◽  
Danilo Buonsenso ◽  
Antonio Di Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pleural Surface ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Pediatric Chest ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

The potential role of ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases is a recent field of research, because, traditionally, lungs have been considered unsuitable for ultrasonography for the high presence of air and thoracic cage that prevent a clear evaluation of the organ. The peculiar anatomy of the pediatric chest favors the use of lung ultrasound (LUS) for the diagnosis of respiratory conditions through the interpretation of artefacts generated at the pleural surface, correlating them to disease-specific patterns. Recent studies demonstrate that LUS can be a valid alternative to chest X-rays for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, especially in children to avoid excessive exposure to ionizing radiations. This review focuses on the description of normal and abnormal findings during LUS of the most common pediatric pathologies. Current literature demonstrates usefulness of LUS that may become a fundamental tool for the whole spectrum of lung pathologies to guide both diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals Lung ultrasound in COVID-19: a useful diagnostic tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Secco ◽  
Marzia Delorenzo ◽  
Caterina Zattera ◽  
Bianca Giacomuzzi Moore ◽  
Lorenzo Demitry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Short Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Inherent Risk ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), caused by a novel enveloped RNA betacoronavirus, has recently been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). The lack of knowledge at the beginning of the pandemics, associated with the inherent risk of infective spreading, makes initial recognition and management particularly complex, in terms of defining effective diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. In the Emergency setting, Lung Ultrasound (LUS) can play an important role in the management of patients with SARS-CoV2-related pneumonia, expanding from the initial diagnosis to the subsequent monitoring and follow-up. Among many other potential advantages (such has the absence of ionizing radiation, its inherent costeffectiveness, and bedside repeatability), LUS provides immediate diagnostic response and might prevent the risk of spreading the infection by moving the patient from the Emergency Room to the Radiology facilities. Aim of this short review is to define the potential role of lung ultrasound in Covid-19 patients, according to the evidence in the medical literature

Edx Spectrum Imaging of Bulk Specimens: Its Role in Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 704-705
Author(s):  
I.M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Spectrum Imaging ◽  
Compositional Variations

Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging, where a full spectrum is acquired at each pixel in a rastered image, combines the advantages of imaging and analysis for quantitative compositional mapping. This method has great advantages for the analysis of compositional variations, because the contrast inherent in EDX spectrum images arises from the distinctiveness of the characteristic X-ray spectra in various regions of the surveyed microstructure. EDX spectrum imaging provides for simultaneous spatial, spectral and temporal resolution of the X-rays emitted from the specimen. Many EDX manufacturers have incorporated a spectrum imaging capability within their acquisition and analysis software, and ongoing improvements in computing power will enhance the practicality of spectrum imaging methods, in particular the acquisition, manipulation and analysis of the large raw data files that are generated with this method. This paper surveys the potential role of spectrum imaging in tasks that support true quantitative X-ray microanalysis of bulk specimens: robust qualitative analysis, the construction of representative spectra that describe the specimen, and the extraction of elemental concentrations from the representative spectra.

Emergence of New ALK Mutations at Relapse of Neuroblastoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (25) ◽  
pp. 2727-2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Schleiermacher ◽  
Niloufar Javanmardi ◽  
Virginie Bernard ◽  
Quentin Leroy ◽  
Julie Cappo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Primary Sample ◽  
A Minor

Purpose In neuroblastoma, the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase is activated by point mutations. We investigated the potential role of ALK mutations in neuroblastoma clonal evolution. Methods We analyzed ALK mutations in 54 paired diagnosis–relapse neuroblastoma samples using Sanger sequencing. When an ALK mutation was observed in one paired sample, a minor mutated component in the other sample was searched for by more than 100,000× deep sequencing of the relevant hotspot, with a sensitivity of 0.17%. Results All nine ALK-mutated cases at diagnosis demonstrated the same mutation at relapse, in one case in only one of several relapse nodules. In five additional cases, the mutation seemed to be relapse specific, four of which were investigated by deep sequencing. In two cases, no mutation evidence was observed at diagnosis. In one case, the mutation was present at a subclonal level (0.798%) at diagnosis, whereas in another case, two different mutations resulting in identical amino acid changes were detected, one only at diagnosis and the other only at relapse. Further evidence of clonal evolution of ALK-mutated cells was provided by establishment of a fully ALK-mutated cell line from a primary sample with an ALK-mutated cell population at subclonal level (6.6%). Conclusion In neuroblastoma, subclonal ALK mutations can be present at diagnosis with subsequent clonal expansion at relapse. Given the potential of ALK-targeted therapy, the significant spatiotemporal variation of ALK mutations is of utmost importance, highlighting the potential of deep sequencing for detection of subclonal mutations with a sensitivity 100-fold that of Sanger sequencing and the importance of serial samplings for therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals Possible progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and active multiple sclerosis under dimethyl fumarate: the central role of MRI in informing therapeutic decisions

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Augusta Vola ◽  
Maria Petracca ◽  
Sirio Cocozza ◽  
Marcello De Angelis ◽  
Antonio Carotenuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Worsening ◽  
Active Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Background Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) can rarely occur in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment. Our case stresses the limits of current diagnostic and stratification risk criteria, highlighting the potential role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in advising clinical choices. Case presentation A 54 years old MS male patient treated with DMF, after 3 years of clinical stability developed a subacute clinical worsening. He had no severe lymphopenia but MRI signs suggestive of a coexistence of PML and MS activity. Although his viral title was negative, DMF was discontinued, with clinical and radiological improvement. Conclusions This case highlights the challenges behind PML diagnosis, especially in patients not fulfilling the risk stratification criteria and that might present with concurrent disease activity, stressing the potential role of MRI in informing therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals 367. Role of Conventional Biomarker for Prediction of Chest CT-confirmed COVID-19 Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S286-S286
Author(s):  
Monprach Harnphadungkit ◽  
Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide range of severity. Chest computed tomography (CT) had high sensitivity and specificity to identify COVID-19 pneumonia. However, chest CT was not available in almost all hospitals in pandemic settings, including developed countries. This study is to evaluate the potential role of conventional inflammatory biomarkers to predict COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods All 155 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were evaluated for pneumonia by chest CT from April 10, 2021 to May 3, 2021 in the outpatient unit, a Thai university hospital. The inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR-, and ROC to predict COVID-19 pneumonia. Results Of all 155 patients, pneumonia was diagnosed by chest CT in 117 patients. The pneumonia patients had a median (IQR) age of 38 (30, 55) years old. The BMI was higher in pneumonia than mild illness in 25.5 (22.0, 29.5) and 22.9 (19.4, 26.9) kg/m2, respectively (p=0.031). In univariate analysis, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, total lymphocyte count (TLC), and albumin were associated with pneumonia, but the only hsCRP demonstrated association by multivariate analysis. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) was 0.82, 0.74, 0.68, 0.38, and 0.37 in hsCRP, LDH, ferritin, TLC, and albumin, respectively. The optimal cut-off level for CRP to diagnose COVID-19 pneumonia was 2.00 mg/L given sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR- of 81.9%, 70.3%, 2.75, and 0.26 respectively (Figure 1 and Table 1). ROC Curve of hsCRP to Diagnose of COVID-19 Pneumonia This figure shows ROC curve for hsCRP to diagnose of chest CT-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. The area under the ROC curve is 0.82. The optimal cut-off value for hsCRP is 2.00 given sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 70.3%. Conclusion The hsCRP was the conventional biomarker that had an excellent performance in predicting COVID-19 pneumonia lead to early anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment. This study demonstrated the potential role of hsCRP combined with clinical assessment in negative chest X-rays to replace chest CT in a high burden COVID-19 country during pandemic situations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Chest Pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 290-294
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bellis
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Pediatric Chest

This chapter reviews the evaluation, workup, diagnosis and treatment of chest pain in a child. Additionally, it reviews common causes of pediatric chest pain as well as important components of the history and physical that may indicate a more serious cause of pediatric chest pain. These patients may require further diagnostic procedures or referral to a subspecialist for further evaluation. Finally, it discusses the role of electrocardiogram and chest X-rays in the workup of pediatric chest pain. In general, most adolescent occurrence of chest pain has a benign etiology, commonly with a musculoskeletal cause. Absent other abnormal findings, these patients often require only a minimal workup.

scholarly journals Focus on the Potential Role of Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pandemic: What More to Do?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8398
Author(s):  
Beatrice Ragnoli ◽  
Mario Malerba
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World

COVID-19, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerging in China’s Hubei province in late 2019, due to a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is causing a global pandemic involving many areas of the world, which so far counts more than 43 million cases and more than 1,155,000 deaths worldwide [...]

The Potential Role of Lung Ultrasound B-Lines for Detection of Lung Radio-Induced Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients after Radiation Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1374-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fonte Petruzzelli ◽  
Maria Pia Vasti ◽  
Francesco Tramacere ◽  
Maria Patrizia D'Errico ◽  
Emilio A.L. Gianicolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
B Lines

scholarly journals Neonatal Pneumothoraces With Atypical Location: The Role of Lung Ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Gregorio-Hernández ◽  
Alba Pérez-Pérez ◽  
Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena ◽  
María Arriaga-Redondo ◽  
Cristina Ramos-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Thoracic Diseases ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Neonatal pneumothorax (NP) is a potentially life-threatening condition. Lung ultrasound (LU) has shown higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis compared to x-rays, but evidence regarding its usefulness in complex NP is lacking. We report four neonates suffering from cardiac or esophagueal malformations who developed lateral and/or posterior pneumothoraces, in which LU helped, making NP diagnosis and management easier and faster. In conclusion, LU is an easy-to-use, fast, simple and accurate tool when evaluating newborns with complex thoracic diseases.

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