scholarly journals Contemporary Murals in the Street and Urban Art Field: Critical Reflections between Preventive Conservation and Restoration of Public Art

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2515-2525
Author(s):  
Paola Mezzadri
Keyword(s):  
Social Recognition ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Reflections

This paper focuses on the presentation of some of the main critical reflections concerning the current debate about conservation and restoration of contemporary murals in the Street and Urban Art field. More and more, the operations thought of for this kind of wall paintings are connected to the concept of preventive conservation or some actions with the aim of reducing the future deterioration linked to the outdoor context. The idea of protecting urban and street murals arises from two principal issues: on one hand, the (not yet) official, but social, recognition of them as works of art and beloved icons in the communities—or better “testimonies which spread the values of civilization” (definition of Cultural Heritage) from the last decades of the XX century to nowadays—and, on the other hand, the necessity of finding a way to preserve their artistic messages in the ephemeral urban context. In fact, developing a correct plan for the conservation and restoration of these works of art located in the outdoor context needs to consider—more than ever—the strict relationship between their materials, their environment, and even their viewer. This fragile axiom is strictly linked to the law of the street, where all the decay processes are, often, unpredictable. At the moment, the ICR’s (The Istituto Centrale per il Restauro) research in this field is focused on a work in progress project to develop some trials and tests with innovative materials for their preservation and a common glossary to outline particular forms of damaging in murals often based on “plastic on a wall”. The final aim could be to define institutional guidelines for the preservation of urban and street contemporary mural paintings in a perspective of a “share for care” conservative program.

Comparative analysis of three NDVI resolutions in different urban typologies. The case of Granollers in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan García-Haro ◽  
Josep Roca
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
First Results ◽  
Definition Of

<p>In recent years, the use of remote sensed NDVI has become recurrent in urban studies regarding the adaptation of cities to climate change. However, due to the physical diversity within cities and the different resolution offered by the sensors, the territorial interpretation of what the NDVI values really mean becomes difficult. Where the larger the size of the cells of the image, the greater the number of elements of the built environment within it, and the more complex the interpretation becomes.</p><p>In this work, the relationship between the NDVI of three sensors with different cell resolution for the same location and date is studied. In particular, the city of Granollers in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona is analyzed. First, the NDVI images were obtained from Landsat-8 with 30m resolution, Sentinel-2 with 10m and from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food of Catalonia (DARP) with 0.125m resolution. Then, the comparison was performed with a sample of five different typologies of the territory: dense urban core, suburban, industrial, area of highway and rural.</p><p>As first results, a supervised classification of the DARP image allowed the definition of 0.30 as the precise minimum value of NDVI that indicates the actual presence of vegetation. On the other hand, the comparison indicates that, in the urban context, the larger the cell size, the presence of vegetation quality is overestimated, where the higher percentage of cells is concentrated in higher NDVI values than in those with lower resolution. However, this behavior is not appreciated in rural areas, where higher percentages of cells of different resolutions were concentrated in the same NDVI ranges.</p><p>In such a way, it is corroborated that it is in the urban context where this indicator has a greater difficulty of territorial interpretation. Statements that are analyzed in greater depth in this study, where its implications in the use of NDVI in urban studies for the adaptation of cities to climate change are discussed.</p>

The Home at the core of Modernity, an optimistic architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Ana Tostões
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Single Family ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Modern Movement

Devoted to the theme of single-family houses, given the key role they played in the ideal definition of the Modern Movement architecture, as a symbolic and functional affirmation of the utopian turning of dreams into reality, the aim of this issue is to consider the transformation of daily life, and to address the architectural challenges that arose from the joy contained in what we might call the “architecture of happiness.” As we continue to endure a pandemic that has now lasted for more than a year, docomomo wishes to declare that “till the moment, the best vaccine to prevent contagion was invented by architects: the house”. Thus, in response to the question “How should we live?”, it is intended to debate the house and the home agenda as an important topic at the core of Modern Movement architecture. Nowadays, the growing emphasis on wellbeing goes beyond the seminal ideas that modern houses were “machines à habiter” and is closer to an idealistic vision of a stimulating shell for humans, which is shaped by imagination, experimentation, efficiency, and knowledge.

scholarly journals Study for a new definition of the southern side of Prato della Valle in Padua, Italy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Pietrogrande ◽  
Alessandro Dalla Caneva
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Continuous Limit ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Power ◽  
University Of Padua ◽  
The University ◽  
Santa Maria

The southern limit of thePrato della Valle space in the southern part of Padua's historical centre, inItaly, was continuously delimited by the boundary wall of the Santa Maria dellaMisericordia convent until the early twentieth century. Its presence was one ofthe elements that more than a century ago inspired the enlightened proposal byDomenico Cerato, a design professor at the University of Padua who had beeninspired by Andrea Memmo, the Superintendent of the Serenissima Republic ofVenice. The straight and continuous limit was replaced by the discontinuousarchitecture of the Foro Boario entrance, built in 1913 according to a designby Alessandro Peretti; this weakened the overall solution based on anelliptical shape, as did the communicative power of the nearby basilica ofSanta Giustina. The examination carried out dwells on these limits, simulatingthe virtual introduction of architecture with a continuous front to thesouthern edge of the Prato della Valle. One example of this type ofarchitecture is the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art built in Kansas City between1930 and 1933, based on a design by the brothers Thomas and William Wight, andexpanded in 1999 based on a design by Steven Hall. The study generallyconfirmed that the compactness of the building's front newly provides strengthto Cerato's design, which gave a sense of unity to the general emptiness thanksto the certainty of its borders, and gives again the Basilica of Santa Giustinaits monumental size. This paper investigates the composition ofheterogeneous fragments, excerpts from the inventory of collective memory, andthe resulting unpredictable architecture in an urban context.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of energy efficiency investments in dwellings = Evaluación económica de inversiones de eficiencia energética en viviendas

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Evaluación Económica ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

In order to improve the energy performance of buildings, the need to value economically investments of energy efficiency associated with the rehabilitation of dwellings arises. This point of view provides an useful tool for analysts who start in the economic appraisal of energy efficiency investments. The present research gives a conceptual framework for the economic assessment of these types of investments in dwellings. As a result, it is possible to identify two techniques in the appraisals of this nature: dynamic and static approaches. Both methods contrast the benefits (energy savings) with the costs of investments over time. However, they differentiate the opportunity and the moment when investment must be carried out given an uncertainty scenario. This conceptual precision allows the study of several publications where different alternatives in retrofitting houses where evaluated, confirming the considerations that must be taken into account when economic modelling is made: the type of approach to be used (dynamic or static) and; at the definition of the investment alternatives and scenarios, the aspects of time, irrevocability and uncertainty.ResumenEn pro de la mejora del desempeño energético de los edificios, surge la necesidad de evaluar económicamente las inversiones de eficiencia energética asociadas a la rehabilitación de viviendas. Este punto de vista trata de ser una herramienta útil para analistas que se inicien en la evaluación económica de inversiones en eficiencia energética. La presente investigación muestra un marco conceptual de la evaluación económica de este tipo de inversiones en viviendas. Como resultado, es posible identificar dos enfoques presentes en los análisis económicos de esta naturaleza: el dinámico y el estático. Ambos métodos contrastan los beneficios (ahorros energéticos) con los costes de las inversiones en el tiempo. Sin embargo, diferencian la oportunidad y el momento en que la inversión debe realizarse dado un escenario de incertidumbre. Esta precisión conceptual permite estudiar varias publicaciones donde se evaluaron diferentes alternativas de reacondicionamiento en viviendas, confirmándose las consideraciones que deben tenerse presentes en momento de realizar la modelación económica: el tipo de enfoque a usar (dinámico o estático) y, en la definición de las alternativas de inversión y escenarios, los aspectos de tiempo, irrevocabilidad e incertidumbre.

scholarly journals O SKUTKOWOŚCI PRZESTĘPSTW FORMALNYCH

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Paweł Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

CRIMINAL CONSEQUENCES OF FORMAL OFFENCESSummaryThe author discusses the concept of criminal consequence in Polish law. Debate is still going on in the theory and jurisdiction of Polish criminal law on whether a particular crime or offence should be classified as formal (przestępstwa formalne) or as consequential (przestępstwa skutkowe – viz. crimes/offences incurring criminal consequences; cf. inchoate crimes or offences). A point which turns out to be particularly problematic in this respect is the definition of criminal consequence, to enable a distinction to be drawn between formal and consequential (inchoate) offences/crimes. The author concludes that in practice all offences and crimes have a consequence. If a state in which a specific danger has emerged may be treated as a criminal consequence, it should also be admissible to treat a state in which an abstract danger has been created as a criminal consequence. Viewed from this aspect, all crimes are formal; for instance incitement is committed the moment when its perpetrator addresses words encouraging the commission of a crime to another person.

scholarly journals ISSUES AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT IN SIMPLIFYING THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Andriy Vorobey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
National Police

The article deals with the problematic issues of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, under investigation by the units of the National Police of Ukraine, have not been studied in the scientific literature. The author of the article points out the problems of the legal status of a head of an inquest body, the author's definition of this term is given and proposed changes to the current criminal procedural legislation, which should eliminate legal gaps. Considered the inconsistencies of the current criminal procedural legislation in terms of regulating the order of attachment for seizure of the property during the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses. Analyzed judicial practice on this issue and proposed changes to legislation according to the needs of practice. The drawbacks are noted in establishing the terms of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, which are caused by the need to conduct psychiatric and other forensic examinations, it is proposed to provide in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine for an inquiry period of 2 months from the moment a person is informed of suspicion. The author's specified legal inconsistencies in the issue of regulating the conduct of a search during an inquiry, it is indicated that there is a need to standardize Articles 234–236 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Due to fact that the activities of the inquest bodies of the National Police of Ukraine are noticeably inefficient, it is proposed to introduce a shortened inquiry procedure in order to implement the principle of economy in the criminal process and saving resources used during the pre-trial investigation.The current procedural form of criminal investigation in Ukraine provides for the need to conduct a full range of investigative and procedural actions in a short time, even for obvious criminal offenses, when the suspect unequivocally pleads guilty and compensates for the damage, which has negative consequences. The introduction of an abbreviated procedure for inquiry is possible only for a clearly defined range of criminal offenses, the legislation must approve guarantees to ensure the rights of suspects from law enforcement abuses and the criteria under which an abbreviated form of inquiry is impossible. The study of the possibility of implementing an abbreviated order of inquiry is of practical importance and is an important area for further study.

scholarly journals The grounds for initiation of service-related objects of patent law in the system of the MIA of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Molchanov ◽  
Elizaveta Zaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Design ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the study of the grounds for initiation of service-related objects of patent law in the system of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of Russia. The authors define the conditions necessary for the recognition of the service-related character of an invention, utility model, or industrial design. This is especially important for the correct definition of the legal regime of the created results and the application of legal consequences to the relations arising between the subjects. The purpose of the work is to analyse the grounds for initiation of service-related objects in the system of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of Russia. As a result of the study, the legal relationships between the subjects of patent law in the system of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of Russia, the grounds for their occurrence and the specifics are analysed, the question of the relationships between the moment of creation of the service-related product and the period of validity of the working contract between the author and the employer are determined, the procedure of distributing intellectual rights to service-related products, including those created as a result of the joint creative activity of several persons are clarified, other conditions and criteria for vesting an invention, utility model, industrial design with a service-related character are determined. As a separate basis, a civil law contract is highlighted, which has essential importance in the implementation of service-related objects of patent law in the system of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of Russia. The analysis of legal norms revealed the lack of the legally fixed list of the grounds for the initiation of service-related objects of patent law, and therefore a number of controversial issues arising in practice require additional clarification.

Housman's Poetic Method: His Lecture and His Notebooks

PMLA ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1016
Author(s):  
Tom Burns Haber
Keyword(s):  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

When A. E. Housman late one afternoon in May 1933 was delivering his Leslie Stephen Lecture on “The Name and Nature of Poetry,” there may have been some nodding heads in the Senate House audience, but only up to the moment he began to speak of his own methods of composition. He had over the years earned a reputation for the obduracy with which he repelled inquiry into this forbidden subject, but on this occasion he ended with a personal confession which his hearers debated long after they forgot his definition of poetry.

On techniques of expert systems on the example of the Akinator program

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Zhangozha A.R. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

On the example of the online game Akinator, the basic principles on which programs of this type are built are considered. Effective technics have been proposed by which artificial intelligence systems can build logical inferences that allow to identify an unknown subject from its description (predicate). To confirm the considered hypotheses, the terminological analysis of definition of the program "Akinator" offered by the author is carried out. Starting from the assumptions given by the author's definition, the article complements their definitions presented by other researchers and analyzes their constituent theses. Finally, some proposals are made for the next steps in improving the program. The Akinator program, at one time, became one of the most famous online games using artificial intelligence. And although this was not directly stated, it was clear to the experts in the field of artificial intelligence that the program uses the techniques of expert systems and is built on inference rules. At the moment, expert systems have lost their positions in comparison with the direction of neural networks in the field of artificial intelligence, however, in the case considered in the article, we are talking about techniques using both directions – hybrid systems. Games for filling semantics interact with the user, expanding their semantic base (knowledge base) and use certain strategies to achieve the best result. The playful form of such semantics filling programs is beneficial for researchers by involving a large number of players. The article examines the techniques used by the Akinator program, and also suggests possible modifications to it in the future. This study, first of all, focuses on how the knowledge base of the Akinator program is built, it consists of incomplete sets, which can be filled and adjusted as a result of further iterations of the program launches. It is important to note our assumption that the order of questions used by the program during the game plays a key role, because it determines its strategy. It was identified that the program is guided by the principles of nonmonotonic logic – the assumptions constructed by the program are not final and can be rejected by it during the game. The three main approaches to acquisite semantics proposed by Jakub Šimko and Mária Bieliková are considered, namely, expert work, crowdsourcing and machine learning. Paying attention to machine learning, the Akinator program using machine learning to build an effective strategy in the game presents a class of hybrid systems that combine the principles of two main areas in artificial intelligence programs – expert systems and neural networks.

Ecogenesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-50
Author(s):  
Hanjo Berressem
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

Drawing on Erwin Schrödingers concept of a-periodic crystals, the chapter considers crystals and crystallization as the ontological basis of Guattari’s schizoecology. After delineating Guattari’s ecologization of Saussurian semiotics, it traces Guattari and Deleuze’s discussion of Lucretius’ clinamen in A Thousand Plateaus. Drawing on Serres’ reading of the clinamen as the moment of the birth of the world, and on his reading of the clinamen in terms of semiotics, it shows how, by way of the joy of multiplicity and of an immanent physics, Lucretius’ muse Venus Anadyome becomes the conceptual figure of Guattari’s schizoecology. Drawing on the definition of consistency as an invariance within a process, the chapter then reads Thomas Nail notion of Lucretius’ fluid ontology in the light of Guattari’s differentiation between flow and aerosol; a differentiation that allows to conceptualize the birth of schizoecology in analogy to the birth of Venus from the spray of the ocean.

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