scholarly journals Cold hardiness in grapevines of various ecological and geographical origin

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
N. I. Nenko ◽  
G. K. Kiseleva ◽  
I. A. Ilyina ◽  
V. S. Petrov ◽  
N. M. Zaporozhets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Over past years,  grapevine  adaptability has become of primary concern due to sharp cold-stressing weather of the unstable climates of Southern Russia accompanied by increasing mean annual temperatures, including higher degrees during plant winter dormancy. This situation causes considerable injury to the generative and vegetative organs in bush vine. Physiological and biochemical studies of the vine plant are of great importance for breeding cold-hardy grape genotypes. The article presents research related to studying cold hardiness in different grape varieties by content dynamics of starch, soluble sugars, abscisic acid and potassium ions in plant bark and buds. We studied grape varieties (interspecies  hybrids) of the European-American (Dostoinyi, Krasnostop, Vostorg), West-European (Aligote), East-European (Zarif) and European-Amur-American origins (Kristall). The work aimed to analyse the physiological and biochemical properties of various ecological and geographical-origin grapes  in winter time in order to identify the cold-hardiest genotypes. The Krasnostop and Vostorg varieties were ascertained as cold-hardy. Physiological and biochemical assays revealed an important contribution of water-soluble sugar-producing starch hydrolysis to low-temperature adaptation in Krasnostop and Vostorg, with the sugar content increasing 2.7-2.9 times. Krasnostop and Zarif were found to elevate the sucrose osmoprotectant winter level 4.7 and 6.6 times, respectively. All grape varieties decreased the abscisic acid content due to protective functions. Aligote was identified susceptible basing on a 2.3-fold potassium ion increase in frozen bark cell extract. The research conducted establishes the diagnostic value of the abovementioned physiological and biochemical parameters for cold hardiness evaluation in grape varieties.

scholarly journals Dehydrins and Soluble Sugars Involved in Cold Acclimation of Rosa wichurana and Rose Cultivar ‘Yesterday’

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Lin Ouyang ◽  
Leen Leus ◽  
Ellen De Keyser ◽  
Marie-Christine Van Labeke
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cold Hardy

Rose is the most economically important ornamental plant. However, cold stress seriously affects the survival and regrowth of garden roses in northern regions. Cold acclimation was studied using two genotypes (Rosa wichurana and R. hybrida ‘Yesterday’) selected from a rose breeding program. During the winter season (November to April), the cold hardiness of stems, soluble sugar content, and expression of dehydrins and the related key genes in the soluble sugar metabolism were analyzed. ‘Yesterday’ is more cold-hardy and acclimated faster, reaching its maximum cold hardiness in December. R. wichurana is relatively less cold-hardy, only reaching its maximum cold hardiness in January after prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Dehydrin transcripts accumulated significantly during November–January in both genotypes. Soluble sugars are highly involved in cold acclimation, with sucrose and oligosaccharides significantly correlated with cold hardiness. Sucrose occupied the highest proportion of total soluble sugars in both genotypes. During November–January, downregulation of RhSUS was found in both genotypes, while upregulation of RhSPS was observed in ‘Yesterday’ and upregulation of RhINV2 was found in R. wichurana. Oligosaccharides accumulated from November to February and decreased to a significantly low level in April. RhRS6 had a significant upregulation in December in R. wichurana. This study provides insight into the cold acclimation mechanism of roses by combining transcription patterns with metabolite quantification.

A GRAPE VARIETIES RESISTANCE TO LOW WINTER TEMPERATURES

1970 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
N. I. Nen'ko ◽  
G. K. Kiseleva ◽  
I. A. Il'ina ◽  
N. M. Zaporozhets ◽  
V. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Adaptive Reaction

In the conditions of frequently repeated in recent years, temperature fluctuations in the Anao-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region, where the main areas of grape plantings are concentrated, the resistance issues of grapes to low temperatures of the winter period are particularly relevant, since sharp differences in the air temperature in the autumn-winter period contribute to the decrease in winter resistance Grape vines. The article presents the results of the assessment of physiological biochemical changes, which are a fundamental adaptive reaction of plants associated with the frost resistance of grapes of various ecological and geographical origin: Dostoyny, Krasnostop, Kristall, Vostorg, Aligote, Zarif.  As a result of research in grape varieties, Krasnostop, Crystal, Vostorg was revealed to maximize kidney hydrogen decreased (by 11.7-15.3%) and increased accumulation of water-soluble sugars (at 2.67-3.29 times) in comparison with other studied varieties, What speaks of their larger resistance to low temperatures.  The variety of the Vostorg was discovered an increase in the content of proline by 40.5 times, indicating its active participation in the formation of a protective response to low temperatures. In all studied grape varieties have a closer connection between the kidney hydrogen and the content of soluble sugars in the core than with the content of the proline. Of all varieties, the waters of the grape vines, the content of soluble sugars and proline, the varieties of the Krasnostop, Crystal, Vostorg are allocated as the most resistant to low temperatures in the conditions of the Anao Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory, which makes it possible to conclude the possibility of their use in the selection process in  quality sources of frost resistance.

scholarly journals Soluble Sugars and Sucrose-Metabolizing Enzymes Related to Cold Acclimation of Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grafted on Different Rootstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ece Turhan ◽  
Sergul Ergin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Gisela 5

The bark tissues were collected from 4-year-old sweet cherry trees cvs. 0900 Ziraat and Lambert grafted on Gisela 5 and Mazzard rootstocks in cold-acclimated (CA) and nonacclimated (NA) stages. Bark tissues subjected to 4°C and −5°C injured to a limited extent in both stages. However, more than 50% injury occurred by temperatures equal to or colder than −15°C only in NA period. Total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugars, and sucrose contents were higher in CA than those in NA stages in all samples. The activities of acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (SS) (EC 2.4.2.13) enzymes were higher in NA stage than those in CA stage. Considering the rootstocks, reducing sugars were higher in both cultivars grafted on Gisela 5 whereas sucrose contents were higher in both cultivars grafted on Mazzard. However, the enzyme activities of both cultivars were higher on Mazzard rootstock than on Gisela 5. In conclusion, cold hardiness of sweet cherry graft combinations was suggested by increasing their TSS, reducing sugars, and sucrose contents significantly in the CA stage. Moreover, acid invertase and SS are down regulated during cold acclimation. Indeed the results suggested that Mazzard is more cold-hardy rootstock than Gisela 5.

scholarly journals Adaptive resistance of apple trees in the unstable climate of southern Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Natalia Nenko ◽  
Galina Kiseleva ◽  
Elena Ulyanovskaya ◽  
Alla Karavaeva ◽  
Tatiana Shalyakho
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Biochemical Adaptation ◽  
Adaptive Resistance ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The purpose of these studies is to assess the adaptive resistance of the apple tree to winter stresses in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters, to identify the most resistant varieties for cultivation in the Krasnodar region. Objects of research are apple varieties of various origins: Orfey, Idared, Ligol, Prikubanskoe. It was found that the cryoprotective function of water-soluble sugars was maximally manifested in the varieties Orfey and Ligol, their content increased by 2.56 and 2.7 times, respectively. Soluble proteins made the greatest contribution to the formation of a protective response in Orfey and Prikubanskoye varieties in January, their content increased 1.8 and 1.9 times, respectively, compared to December. The protective function of anthocyanins was maximally manifested in December in the Orfey variety, in the bark of which their content increased by 5.6 times. Physiological and biochemical adaptation of apple varieties to low negative temperatures of the winter period is achieved by increasing the content of water-soluble sugars, proteins in anthocyanins in the bark and buds. According to the obtained data, the apple varieties Orfey and Prikubanskoye showed themselves to be more adaptive in comparison with other studied varieties and are recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar region.

scholarly journals Formation of adaptive responses of grapes to the action of abiotic stressors of the winter period

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Natalia Nenko ◽  
Galina Kiseleva ◽  
Irina Ilina ◽  
Viktoria Sokolova ◽  
Natalia Zaporozhets
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adaptive Resistance ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

The purpose of this work is to study the formation of adaptive reactions of grapes to the action of stressors of the winter period, by physiological and biochemical parameters, to identify varieties that have increased adaptive abilities for use in breeding. Objects of research are grape varieties of different origins: Kristall (control), Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Aligote, Zarif. It was revealed that the increased resistance to winter stress conditions in the varieties Kristall, Dostoyny is achieved by a decrease in the water content of the buds by 9.09-10.40 %. In the varieties Vostorg, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS adaptive resistance is achieved by increasing the starch content in the tissues of the shoots by 2.81-5.50 times in the pre-winter period. In varieties Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg an important contribution to the formation of adaptive processes was made by water-soluble sugars, the content of which increased 2.82 and 2.89 times as a result of starch hydrolysis. An increase in the activity of peroxidase (2.49-2.75 times) indicated the instability of varieties Zarif, Aligote. Varieties Vostorg, Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS have increased adaptive abilities in comparison with other studied varieties and are recommended for use in the breeding process.

Cold hardiness of olive (Olea europaeaL.) cultivars in cold-acclimated and non-acclimated stages: seasonal alteration of soluble sugars and phospholipids

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GULEN ◽  
A. CANSEV ◽  
A. ERIS
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme Activities ◽  
Leaf Tissues

SUMMARYIn many plant species, several physiological and biochemical changes occur during low-temperature-induced cold acclimation. A previous study with olive cultivars (Cansevet al.2009) demonstrated a correlation between the level of accumulation of certain leaf proteins besides antioxidative enzyme activities and cold hardiness of the cultivars. The present paper analysed soluble sugar (SS) and phospholipid (PL) contents of cold-acclimated (CA) and non-acclimated (NA) leaf tissues in order to explain the mechanism of cultivar-dependent response to cold in olive. In general, cold acclimation significantly increased total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugars and sucrose contents of all cultivars to various extents depending on the cold hardiness of cultivars. In addition, TSS, reducing sugars and sucrose contents in cold-tolerant cultivars were significantly increased, whereas TSS, reducing sugars and sucrose contents in cold-sensitive cultivars either did not change or increased slightly in CA stage compared with those in NA stage. Even though reducing sugars were the major soluble sugar in olive leaves, levels of sucrose accumulations in CA stage compared with those in NA stage were greater than those observed in reducing sugars accumulation. Changes in levels of total PL, as well as the three individual PL fractions phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), were investigated in olive leaf tissues. Significant increases in levels of PC and PE fractions during CA compared with those in NA stage suggested that PC and PE maintained the cold hardiness of olive cultivars more effectively than did PI. Although the precise mechanisms by which olive responds to cold may still be open to discussion, soluble sugars and PL are clearly important in the ability of olive cultivars to stand against cold stress.

scholarly journals Rootstocks Impact Yield, Fruit Composition, Nutrient Deficiencies, and Winter Survival of Hybrid Cultivars in Eastern Canada

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Caroline Provost ◽  
Alexander Campbell ◽  
François Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Research Period

Grafting cold-hardy hybrid grapevines may influence their attributes under different pedoclimatic conditions and may also contribute to cold-hardiness, influence plant physiology, and affect yield and fruit composition. In a six-year study, we evaluated bud survival, plant development, nutrient deficiencies, yield, and fruit composition for three cold-hardy grape varieties: Frontenac, Frontenac blanc, and Marquette. The grape varieties were grafted on four rootstocks: 3309C, SO4, Riparia Gloire, and 101-14. The final combinations were own-rooted. The six-year research period indicated that cold-hardy hybrids were affected differently by each rootstock. Magnesium deficiency was lower for grafted Frontenac and Frontenac blanc compared with own-rooted vines, but bud survival and grapevine development were not affected by rootstock. Moreover, results related to yield components showed that there are significant differences between rootstocks and own-rooted vines. Frontenac was the least affected grape variety compared to Frontenac blanc and Marquette, where only cluster weight and berry weight were impacted. Overall, for the two Frontenac varietals, we also observed a greater maturity for fruits of vines grafted on 101-14 and 3309C compared with own-rooted vines. Grafting affected fruit composition for Marquette differently, where the lowest grape maturity was observed for fruits on vines grafted on SO4. This study demonstrates that rootstocks affect cold-hardy hybrids, highlighting their potential under eastern North American conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical characteristics of cold stratification to overcome morphophysiological dormancy in Glehnia littoralis seed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Shao ◽  
Guanying Wang ◽  
Xin Ding ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Min Yan
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Glehnia Littoralis ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Cold stratification is commonly used for breaking morphophysiological dormancy in Glehnia littoralis seeds. However, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of dormancy release are still unclear. For our study, dormant G. littoralis seeds were subjected to cold stratification (4°C). Physiological and biochemical characteristics, including germination percentage, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and α-amylase, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and coumarin were determined in imbibed seeds after different stratification periods (0, 30, 60, 90 or 120 days). The morphophysiological dormancy in G. littoralis seeds was completely released by cold stratification for 120 days. The activities of catalase (CAT) and content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total soluble sugars were significantly increased, while coumarins was significantly decreased during dormancy release. Dormancy release was significantly positively correlated with CAT activity (r = 0.903) and accumulation of H2O2 (r = 0.985) and total soluble sugars (r = 0.952), and significantly negatively correlated with coumarins (r = −0.919). Thus, the increase in H2O2, soluble sugars level and CAT activity and decrease in coumarins during cold stratification might contribute to promoting dormancy release in G. littoralis seeds.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Processes of Magnolia wufengensis in Response to Foliar Abscisic Acid Application during Natural Cold Acclimation

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhongkui Jia ◽  
Faju Chen ◽  
Ziyang Sang ◽  
Luyi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Magnolia Wufengensis

The rare species Magnolia wufengensis frequently suffers from freezing injury in northern China. To investigate the influence of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application on the natural cold acclimation of M. wufengensis, physiological and biochemical changes in field-grown M. wufengensis seedlings subjected to foliar ABA treatments at four concentrations (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg·L−1) were evaluated from Sept. 2012 to Jan. 2013. The optimum foliar application concentrations of ABA for M. wufengensis were between 600 and 900 mg·L−1, which led to faster shoot growth cessation, leaf senescence, and development rates of bud endodormancy level and shoot freezing tolerance. The improved freezing tolerance under exogenous ABA application was associated with promoted dehydration and accumulation of proline, soluble protein, and certain soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose. Foliar ABA treatments initiated a cascade of steps for advancing the cold acclimation process of M. wufengensis. We suggest that exogenous ABA application may be used on M. wufengensis grown in northern China, where there are short growing seasons and early fall frost events.

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