scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on the Flower Potential in Everbearing Strawberry as Evaluated by Meristem Dissection

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Samia Samad ◽  
Denis Butare ◽  
Salla Marttila ◽  
Anita Sønsteby ◽  
Sammar Khalil
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars ◽  
Perpetual Flowering

The growing interest in using everbearing (EB) strawberry cultivars to extend the cultivation period has faced some challenges. These include poor runner production due to its perpetual flowering nature; irregular flowering behavior and extended periods of high temperature have caused floral inhibition and reduced yield. As flowering is an interplay between temperature and photoperiod, it is important to investigate the effects of this interaction on the cultivation. Therefore, this study used meristem dissection as a tool to study the effect of temperature and photoperiod on meristem development. Tray plants of two EB strawberry cultivars ‘Florentina’ and ‘Favori’ were grown at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C under short day (SD) conditions, and subsequently at 20 °C under long day (LD) conditions. The meristem development was analysed every 6 weeks for a 15-week period in SD and for 14 weeks in LD conditions using meristem dissection. The plants showed similar flowering patterns to previously studied everbearing cultivars, which was qualitative LD plants at high temperatures and quantitative LD plants at lower temperatures. Our results show that meristem dissection can be used to determine the temperature and photoperiodic effect on meristem development, and for the occurrence of cropping peaks, and can therefore be used to decide the environmental input and to evaluate yield potential.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature upon radioactive disintegration

1912 ◽  
Vol 86 (586) ◽  
pp. 240-253 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Radium Emanation ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Positive Effect

Within the last few years the influence of high temperature on the activity of radium emanation, of the active deposit, and of radium C has been examined in detail by several authors. The conclusions arrived at have been conflicting, some workers affirming a positive effect of tem­perature, others denying it. This lack of agreement is due, however, to a difference in the method of measurement of the active matter under investigation. Those workers who measured the activity by γ-rays are all agreed that temperature has no effect whatever, while those who measured by β-rays found always an effect of some kind, in many cases of considerable magnitude, and often, indeed, of a very surprising nature. While, however, the fact that there is a β-ray effect is admitted by all, there is still a lack of agreement between the results of the experiments of different workers, and even of different experiments of the same worker, which is hardly to be expected if the effects were due to a definite change in the properties of the disintegrating atoms at high temperatures. In view, therefore, of the uncertainty which has arisen on a point of such great theoretical importance, a systematic investigation was necessary to obtain definite results, whether positive or negative. This the author, at the request of prof. Rutherford, has carried out.

Effect of Temperature on Response of Tomatoes to Several Dinitroaniline Herbicides and Phosphorus

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Wilson ◽  
F. B. Stewart ◽  
T. E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Effects of temperature on response of transplanted tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Campbell 17′) to trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine], and isopropalin (2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylcumidine) were investigated in field studies. Trifluralin and nitralin caused greater reductions in growth and yields of tomatoes transplanted early in April than to tomatoes transplanted around May 1. Responses to profluralin were similar but total yields of early transplanted tomatoes were not reduced although initial yields were below those of tomatoes treated with isopropalin. In controlled environment chamber studies, percent phosphorus of plant tops was reduced by trifluralin at low temperatures but was not influenced by trifluralin at high temperatures. Tomoto responses to phosphorus as reflected by plant fresh weight, dry weight and phosphorus content (mg/plant) were reduced by trifluralin at low and high temperatures.

The Reactions of Mosquitoes to Temperature and Humidity

1938 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Muirhead Thomson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
05 C ◽  
Culex Fatigans ◽  
New Type ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Humidity Range ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Humidity Reaction

Reactions to Temperature1. The reactions of Culex fatigans to temperature were studied by means of a new type of temperature gradient apparatus based on the same principle as the humidity alternative chamber.2. Females at different stages were exposed to a range of 5°C. at different parts of the temperature scale, and it was found that the sensitivity was very much greater at high temperatures than at low ones.3. The most striking feature of behaviour at all stages was the strong avoidance of high temperatures. This was strongest in the hungry females, less strong in the blood-fed females and those with mature ovaries, and least strong in the newly emerged females.4. Newly emerged females showed avoidance of high temperature below 30°C., but not below 25°C. They also showed a weak avoidance of low temperature. At 29°C. they were sensitive to a difference of 1°C. or a gradient of 0·05°C. per cm.5. Hungry females showed a strong avoidance of high temperature below 25°C., the reaction still taking place below 15°C. There was no avoidance of low temperatures.6. Blood-fed females and those with mature ovaries showed a strong avoidance of high temperatures below 25°C., but below 20°C. they were unaffected by temperature differences. Blood-fed females were sensitive to a difference of 1°C. or a gradient of 0·05°C. per cm. at 23°C.7. Except in the case of newly emerged females there was quite a close relation between the reactions to temperature and the effects of temperature.8. Reasons are given for regarding the temperature reactions of Culex as of first importance in determining the behaviour of the mosquitoes when seeking a resting place.Reactions to Humidity9. The reactions of Culex fatigans to humidity were studied by means of the alternative chamber, in a dark constant temperature room at 25°C.10. At all stages the strongest humidity reaction was an avoidance of high humidities above 95 per cent. R.H.11. This reaction was strongest in the blood-fed females and those with mature ovaries, less strong in the newly emerged females, and weakest in the hungry females.12. The avoidance of high humidity was strongest when there was a difference of 20 per cent. R.H., such as a 78–98 per cent. R.H. gradient. Near saturation point all stages except hungry females were sensitive to a difference of 1 per cent. R.H. or a gradient of ·05 per cent. R.H. per cm. Hungry females at this point were not sensitive to a difference of less than 3 per cent. R.H.13. All stages showed a slight but regular avoidance of low humidities, provided a sufficiently large humidity range, not less than 40 per cent. R.H., was present.14. Hungry females, despite the onset of mortality due to desiccation, showed no sharp avoidance of low humidities which were rapidly fatal to them.15. Between 30 and 85 per cent. R.H. all stages were unaffected by humidity differences of as much as 40 per cent. R.H.16. The avoidance of high humidities was equally strong in blood-fed females at 20, 25, and 30°C. At 35°C., greatly increased activity eliminated the reaction.17. The reaction was much less intense in daylight and disappeared altogether after sundown.18. Reasons are given for considering that the measure of humidity which determines the behaviour of the mosquito is relative humidity and not saturation deficiency, even though the latter is the important one in the water relations of insects.

Fracture Strength of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1785-1787
Author(s):  
Tao Zeng ◽  
Dai Ning Fang ◽  
Xia Mei Lu ◽  
Fei Fei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Ultra High Temperature Ceramics ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

This paper presents a theoretical model to predict the fracture strength of ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs). According to different mechanisms, the environmental temperature is divided into four ranges. Effects of temperature and oxidation on the fracture strength of UHTCs are investigated in each temperature range. The results show that oxidation plays an important role in enhancing the fracture strength of UHTCs at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Fredrik Skau ◽  
Tom Andersen ◽  
Jan-Erik Thrane ◽  
Dag Olav Hessen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Temperature and nutrients are key factors affecting the growth, cell size, and physiology of marine phytoplankton. In the ocean, temperature and nutrient availability often co-vary because temperature drives vertical stratification, which further controls nutrient upwelling. This makes it difficult to disentangle the effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton purely from observational studies. In this study, we carried out a factorial experiment crossing two temperatures (13°and 19°C) with two growth regimes (P-limited, semi-continuous batch cultures [“−P”] and nutrient replete batch cultures in turbidostat mode [“+P”]) for three species of common marine haptophytes (Emiliania huxleyi, Chrysochromulina rotalis and Prymnesium polylepis) to address the effects of temperature and nutrient limitation on elemental content and stoichiometry (C:N:P), total RNA, cell size, and growth rate. We found that the main gradient in elemental content and RNA largely was related to nutrient regime and the resulting differences in growth rate and degree of P-limitation, and observed reduced cell volume-specific content of P and RNA (but also N and C in most cases) and higher N:P and C:P in the slow growing −P cultures compared to the fast growing +P cultures. P-limited cells also tended to be larger than nutrient replete cells. Contrary to other recent studies, we found lower N:P and C:P ratios at high temperature. Overall, elemental content and RNA increased with temperature, especially in the nutrient replete cultures. Notably, however, temperature had a weaker–and in some cases a negative–effect on elemental content and RNA under P-limitation. This interaction indicates that the effect of temperature on cellular composition may differ between nutrient replete and nutrient limited conditions, where cellular uptake and storage of excess nutrients may overshadow changes in resource allocation among the non-storage fractions of biomass (e.g. P-rich ribosomes and N-rich proteins). Cell size decreased at high temperature, which is in accordance with general observations.

The influence of nutrition on the response of wheat to above-optimal temperature

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Dawson ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Phloem Mobility

Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gabo) were grown at two temperatures (18/13 and 24/19�C, Day/night), either with full nutrient availability or deprived of nutrients after floral initiation or after anthesis, in order to identify possible interactions between nutrient availability and response to a temperature higher than the optimum for grain dry weight accumulation. Nutrient deprivation reduced levels of nitrogen, potassium and calcium in the vegetative organs of the plant at anthesis and maturity, and levels of nitrogen and calcium, but not potassium, in the grain. Differences in the distribution of nitrogen, potassium and calcium can be explained on the basis of their phloem mobility. An interaction was observed between nutrition and temperature in the time from seedling emergence to anthesis, the number of tillers at anthesis and the number of heads per plant at maturity. Within the main culm ear, high temperature and low nutrition reduced grain number. High temperature, but not low nutrition, reduced individual grain weights. However, there were no interactions between nutrition and temperature in regulating these responses. Therefore, although nutrition may be an important factor when considering the effect of temperature on tillering, there is no evidence from this study that nutritional status will mask the effects of temperature on the later stages of ear and grain development.

Constitutive Equation for V–5Cr–5Ti at High Temperatures Measured Using the SHPB Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 1154-1158
Author(s):  
Wen Jun Hu ◽  
Ruo Ze Xie ◽  
Xi Cheng Huang ◽  
Yi Xia Yan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Test System ◽  
Vanadium Alloy ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Shpb Test ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

A high temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system is used to investigate the effects of temperature as well as those of strain and strain-rate. Effects of temperature for the vanadium alloy (V-5Cr-5Ti) are investigated by developing a high temperature SHPB test system. In this work, high temperatures greater than 1100°C are attained in the SHPB test specimens by using a synchronically assembled heating system .When testing with the high-temperature SHPB apparatus, care is required to prevent oxidation of the surface of the specimen, and to prevent an inhomogeneous temperature distribution from developing in the specimen. To determine the true flow stress–true strain relationship, specimens are tested from 15°C to 1100°C and at a strain-rate of about 3000 s-1: The parameters for a Johnson–Cook constitutive equation is determined from the test results. The Johnson–Cook constitutive equation is suitable for expressing the dynamic behavior of the V-5Cr-5Ti vanadium alloy.

Effect of temperature and photoperiod on growth and reproduction of Helix aspersa var. maxima

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. JESS ◽  
R. J. MARKS
Keyword(s):  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Artificial Photoperiod ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Growth and reproduction of the snail Helix aspersa (Müller) var. maxima were examined at four combinations of temperature and artificial photoperiod and in transparent and opaque containers at two temperatures for over 40 weeks. Effects of temperature on both processes predominated. However, following 10 weeks of oviposition at optimum temperature (20°C), absence of photoperiod inhibited egg-laying throughout a further 15 weeks. Following inhibition of oviposition, the albumen gland atrophied, indicating the storage of secretory products.Snail growth was improved by rearing in opaque rather than transparent containers in a long-day photoperiod. Snail oviposition was unaffected by container type throughout a 28-week period, demonstrating an acute perception of photoperiodicity by snails maintained at low light intensity.

Effect of temperature on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of two-lobe non-circular gas-lubricated micro-bearings

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012199568
Author(s):  
Azizmohammad Gharanjik ◽  
Ardeshir Karami Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Phase Portraits ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In this paper, the molecular gas lubrication model was used to analyze the nonlinear dynamic behavior of two-lobe non-circular gas-lubricated micro-bearings. The effects of temperature rise are taken into account. At high temperatures, in addition to gas rarefaction, its viscosity and friction will also change, and slip across boundaries will occur. The rarefaction of the lubricating gas film caused by the microscale effect at high temperatures was considered. The effects of temperature and rotation speed (with and without rarefaction effect) on the dynamic behavior of the non-circular micro gas bearing were studied. The nonlinear equation governing the gas behavior is discretized using the finite-element method and then solved simultaneously with the dynamic equations of rotor motion using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Center orbit diagrams, phase portraits, Poincare maps, power spectrum, and bifurcation diagrams are used to investigate the dynamic behavior of two-lobe non-circular gas-lubricated micro-bearings. Some results show that with increasing temperature, the rotor behavior changes from T-periodic to quasi-periodic. It was also observed that at high temperatures, with increasing rotational speed, the behavior of the system changes from T-periodic to quasi-periodic, but if the gas is rarefied, this change occurs at a slower speed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature and Humidity on the Cheese Skipper, Piophila Casei (L.)

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
JOHN SMART
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Short Series ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Thermal Death Point ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The paper gives the results of a short series of experiments carried out to determine the thermal death-point under conditions of controlled humidity of the larva and pupa of the Cheese Skipper, Piophila casei (L.). The larva is remarkable for the high temperatures it can withstand, namely 52° C., for 1 hour's exposure and 45° C. for an exposure of 24 hours. The death of the pupa at a much lower temperature is shown to be due to a secondary effect of temperature on its physiology.

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