scholarly journals Thermo Condition Determines the Uptake of Autumn and Winter Applied Nitrogen and Subsequent Utilization in Spring Tea (Camellia sinensis L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Lifeng Ma ◽  
Shuangfeng Jiang ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Lize Lv ◽  
Ze Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Timing Effect ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The effect of thermal condition on the uptake of autumn and winter applied N and its subsequent utilization in spring tea (Camellia sinensis) was investigated by applying 15N enriched urea as single or split applications between October and February in two commercial plantations at Xingyang of Henan province and Yongchuan of Chongqing with different thermal conditions. The proportion of N derived from 15N-labeled urea (Ndff%) in fibrous root and mature leaves 15 days after application at Xingyang and the Ndff% of mature leaves on the day of the first spring tea harvest at both sites were the highest in the single October application. The Ndff% of the following spring tea was also the highest in the single October application at both sites. The results showed that application of N fertilizer in October relative to other later months most significantly improves the accumulation of plant N reserves and consequently contributes more significantly to the early spring tea. Such timing effect was related to the thermal condition, i.e., the growing degree days (°C•d, T > 8 °C) between the dates of fertilization and harvest of young shoots, which represents the combining effect of the temperature and the residence time of N fertilizer in the soil.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Outside Corridor’s Orientation to Interior Thermal Condition at Lawang Sewu Semarang.

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Benediktus Yosef Arya Wastunimpuna ◽  
Wahyu Setia Budi ◽  
Erni Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The outside corridor of Dutch Colonial Building in Indonesia was made to make the temperature of the room more comfortable. Lawang Sewu Building in Semarang is one example of a building that has an outside corridor along the building and until now still use natural ventilation. This study focuses on finding out whether there is a difference on the thermal conditions of each room’s orientation, so after that we know the effect of orientation of the outdoor corridor to the temperature of the interior. In this study the experiment based on measurement using Heat Stress WBGT Meter for Wet Bulb Temperature, Dry Bulb Temperature, Relative Humidity, and KW0600653 Hot Wire Anemometer for the air movement. The data will be analysed using thermal standard theory to find out which point has the most comfortable thermal conditions.. At the end of this study will be found the effect of corridor’s orientation to thermal condition of the interior in Lawang Sewu Semarang.

Foliar moisture content variations in four coniferous tree species of central Alberta

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chrosciewicz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Coniferous Tree ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

Trends of foliar moisture content variations were determined for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) in central Alberta. New and old tree foliage was periodically sampled between early March and mid-September during 2 consecutive years. The seasonally recurring variations in foliar moisture contents were characterized by (i) early spring declines of moisture in the old foliage, (ii) flushing of new foliage at high bud moisture contents when the contents in the old foliage were low, and (iii) summer recoveries of moisture in the old foliage and simultaneous decreases of moisture in the new foliage until both eventually converged toward comparable moisture contents. The cumulative effects of temperature, in terms of degree days above 6 °C, were reflected in timing of the declines and the recoveries of moisture in the old foliage. These results may be applied in rating the crowning potential of local forest fires.

Reproduction of paua, Haliotis iris Gmelin 1791 (Mollusca:Gastropoda), in north-eastern New Zealand

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
SH Hooker ◽  
RG Creese
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Autumn And Winter

An examination of the reproductive condition of a population of paua, H. iris, at Leigh in north-eastern New Zealand during 1986-87 revealed a long breeding season extending from late summer through autumn and winter and into early spring. Within this period, a sharp decrease of over 60% in the gonad index for both males and females indicated major spawning events in July and October. A smaller decrease in the gonad index in March suggested a third, minor spawning. These spawning events were confirmed by regular examination of histological sections of gonadal material. This breeding pattern is different from that previously described for southern localities in New Zealand, where spawning activity is limited to a four-month period from late summer into autumn. Paua in this northern population had a sex ratio slightly biased towards males (1 female to every 1.3 males) and achieved reproductive maturity between the sizes of 48 and 60 mm shell length. These features are also different from those described for southern populations of H. iris. These findings highlight the need to take regional differences in reproductive pattern into account when describing the population dynamics of marine gastropods.

scholarly journals Bioclimatic conditions and thermal seasons of the year in Szczecin

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-299
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mąkosza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Thermal Spring ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions

Climate change is an empirical fact evidenced by subsequent IPCC reports. The observed climate change is also manifested in the altered date of occurrence and duration of the seasons in a year. Variability of thermal conditions due to climate warming will have its toll on the bioclimatic conditions. The assessment of bioclimatic conditions was conducted with the use of Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The present elaboration is based on hourly values of the following meteorological elements: air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed and cloud cover. The meteorological data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) in Szczecin and cover the period 2000-2019. Variability of bioclimatic conditions is considered per periods corresponding to thermal seasons of the year as identified by the Gumiński (1948) method on the basis of monthly air temperature values. The analysed UTCI values with respect to thermal seasons indicate that mean UTCI values in the period 2000-2019 representative for thermal summer amount to 22.6°C, thermal spring 9,9°C, thermal autumn 8.4°C, thermal winter -10.4°C, early spring -4.6°C, and early winter -7.9°C. For the periods with identified lack of thermal winter, mean UTCI value was -6.6°C. The aim of the present paper is an attempt to assess the variability of biothermal conditions as calculated using the UTCI index against the thermal seasons of the year in Szczecin.

scholarly journals Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry: Impacts on Yield, Fruiting Season, and Cane Architecture

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Chad E. Finn ◽  
Gil Buller
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Berry Weight

Primocane management systems were compared for ‘Prime-Jan’® and ‘Prime-Jim’®, primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson), grown in a field planting in Aurora, OR. Treatments studied were: 1) no manipulation of primocanes (untipped; no floricanes); 2) untipped primocanes growing in the presence of floricanes; 3) untipped primocanes grown with rowcover in late winter to early spring; and 4) primocanes “soft-tipped” at 1 m to encourage branching. Date of primocane first bloom and cane height at bloom were unaffected by cultivar and were only affected by primocane management in 2005. The number of growing degree-days to first bloom ranged from 1272 to 1390 depending on year. Primocane management did not affect ovule or drupelet number per berry or percent drupelet set. ‘Prime-Jim’ had more drupelets and greater weight per berry in 2005 than ‘Prime-Jan’. Fruit harvested earlier in the season had more ovules and drupelets than later harvested fruit in 2004. Primocanes that grew in the presence of floricanes were longer and bloomed later but did not differ in yield from untipped canes grown only for a primocane crop. Use of rowcover in 2005 advanced bloom and harvest, improving yield 73% compared with untipped control canes. Soft-tipping primocanes increased yield 114% to 150% compared with untipped canes (5.6 vs. 2.4 t·ha−1) through increasing branch and node number per cane and percentage of fruiting nodes; soft-tipping did not delay harvest. Yield/cane was negatively correlated with the number of fruiting canes/plot but positively correlated with branches/cane, total branch and cane length, number of nodes and percent fruiting nodes, fruit/cane, and berry weight. The proportion of fruiting nodes was greater on branches than on the main cane illustrating the importance of managing this type of blackberry to increase branch number for high yield.

scholarly journals KONDISI TERMAL PADA PENGHAWAAN ALAMI DI RUANG TUNGGU UTAMA STASIUN SEMARANG TAWANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Hana Faza Surya Rusyda ◽  
Erni Setyowati ◽  
Gagoek Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Train Station ◽  
State Of Mind

Abstract:. Thermal comfort is a state of mind that expresses a user's satisfaction with thermal conditions. This study focuses on the design of natural ventilation which is one of the efforts to reduce the heat that exists in the building, especially in maintaining the thermal conditions. Tawang Train Station, Semarang has a natural ventilation design that is still maintained especially in the waiting room. This study aims to determine the thermal conditions of the design of ventilation using the theory of Mom and Wiseborn, SNI 03-6572-2001, and Olgyay chart. This research method uses quantitative and field measurements were done for 14 hours to know the movement of air, temperature, humidity. The results were then compared with the standard and the theory. It was found that thermal comfort conditions that still utilize the movement of the wind from natural ventilation in the main waiting room of Tawang Semarang Station.Keyword: Thermal Condition, Natural Ventilation, Semarang Tawang Station.Abstrak: Kenyamanan termal merupakan suatu kondisi pikir seseorang yang mengekspresikan kepuasan pengguna terhadap kondisi termal.  Penelitian ini berfokus pada desain penghawaan yang merupakan salah satu upaya mengurangi panas yang ada dalam bangunan terutama dalam menjaga kondisi termal. Stasiun Tawang Semarang, mempunyai desain penghawaan alami yang masih dipertahannkan terutama pada ruang tungguya. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi termal dari desain penghawaan dengan menggunakan teori mom dan wiseborn, SNI 03-6572-2001, serta grafik olgyay. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dan pengukuran dilapangan dilakukan selama 14 jam untuk mengetahui pergerakan udara, temperature, kelembaban. Hasil penelitian kemudian di bandingkan dengan standar SNI, Mom & Wiseborn dan Diagram Olgyay. Ditemukan bahwa kondisi kenyamanan termal yang masih memanfaatkan pergerakan angin dari ventilasi alami pada ruang tunggu utama Stasiun Semarang Tawang.Kata Kunci: Kondisi Termal, Ventilasi Alami, Ruang tunggu, Stasiun Semarang Tawang

scholarly journals Simulation of the Thermal Conditions of Cask with Fuel Assemblies of BN-350 Reactor for Dry Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ye. T. Koyanbayev ◽  
M. K. Skakov ◽  
D. A. Ganovichev ◽  
Ye. A. Martynenko ◽  
A. A. Sitnikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Fuel Assemblies ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Thermal Calculations

The analysis of the thermal condition of spent FA (fuel assembly) of BN-350 reactor in a six-place cask for dry storage is presented. Simulation of the thermal condition of the cask is conducted with finite elements method using ANSYS software. Calculations of fuel temperature, fuel cladding, and assembly structural elements are the part of the safety analysis for storage of spent FA. In conclusion, the results of the thermal calculations in the cases of filling cask with argon and atmospheric air are given when the thickness of the insulation cask with concrete is 0.5 and 1 m. As a result of the calculated studies, the parameters of SNF (spent nuclear fuel) storage are determined, under which the fuel temperatures will have minimum and maximum values.

Digestibility and voluntary intake measurements on regrowths of six Tasmanian pasture species

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Michell
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Pure species swards of Trifolium repens (white clover cv. Grasslands Huia), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass cv. Tasmanian No. I ) , Lolium perenne x L. multiflorum (short rotation ryegrass cv. Grasslands Manawa), Lolium perenne (long rotation ryegrass cv. Grasslands Ariki), Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Currie) and Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Grasslands Apanui) were mechanically cut in May, August, September-October, and November 1969, and January, March, May, and August 1970. The material from these cuts was artificially dried, and digestibilities and voluntary intakes measured using penned sheep. Overall, the digestibility and voluntary intake of white clover was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of any of the grasses, the digestibility of Apanui cocksfoot was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the ryegrasses and there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the intakes of the various grasses. Under the management system used, the digestibility of the grasses remained relatively stable over the summer, autumn and winter, rose to a peak in early spring and fell in late spring after ear emergence. The digestibility of white clover remained high over the winter and early spring and declined slowly over the summer. The voluntary intakes of all the species were at their lowest levels in the winter, rose to a peak in the spring, fell in the late spring to a stable level over the summer, and fell again in the autumn. At any digestibility level, the intake of spring-summer cut pasture was approximately 20 per cent higher than that of winter cut pasture. The intake of autumn cut pasture was intermediate. The overall relation between intake (I) and digestibility (D) was I = 1.06D + 2.7 � 8.4 (P < 0.01). Within the spring-summer cuts, the relation was I = 1.01 D + 14.6 � 4.0 (P < 0.01) and within the winter cuts it was I = 1.08D - 5.9 � 4.1 (P < 0.01).

Calonectria theae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria theae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia spp., Albizia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus spp. and Rhododendron (Azalea). DISEASE: Causes the well-known 'Cercosporella disease' of tea bushes. Spots on young leaves are at first brown or black and in humid weather enlarge and coalesce. On mature leaves spots are at first black then grey or greyish-white with a purplish margin. On fully mature leaves spots are brown or black then turn greyish. Tea bushes may be severely defoliated. Also causes root discoloration but not mortality of azaleas (52, 1935). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ceylon and USA. Other records are of doubtful authenticity TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and ascospores in Ceylon. Transmission from Acacia decurrens, used as a shade tree, frequently reported.

Nitrogen fertilizer product and timing alternatives exist for forage production in the Peace region of Alberta

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Karamanos, R. E. and Stevenson, F. C. 2013. Nitrogen fertilizer product and timing alternatives exist for forage production in the Peace region of Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 151–160. Four different N sources [ammonium nitrate (NIT), urea (UR), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide-treated urea (AGR)] were applied to stands of pure meadow bromegrass (Bromus beibersteinii L.) or a 50:50 smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture in late fall and early spring at four N rates (0, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha−1) over a 3-yr (2003–2005) period. The N treatments generally increased forage responses, but the response net revenue to N treatment was rarely positive and at times was negative, especially for PCU. On average, PCU resulted in lower yield and protein concentration, lesser N efficiency, and lesser profit relative to other forms of N. This difference was more pronounced in the spring and was less notable at Rycroft, the location with the bromegrass–alfalfa mixture. Also, greater N fertilizer rates increased the yield, protein concentration, total N uptake, and profit for all fertilizer forms. The exceptions to the preceding were N fertilizer rate did not affect forage responses for PCU and at the location with the brome-alfalfa mixture. Urea or AGR provided satisfactory agronomic alternatives to ammonium nitrate when applied in early spring at sufficient rates.

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