scholarly journals Feasibility Assessment of Grape Vineyards in the Midwest U.S.A.

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Guilherme Signorini ◽  
Maria Smith ◽  
Imed Dami

The production of grapes in the Midwest U.S.A. is not free of challenges. Growers are presented with a long list of strategic and operational decisions when planning a vineyard. This article uses survey data and secondary data to prepare sample budgets and examine costs, expected returns, and economic feasibility of grape vineyards under different production systems. Departing from two sample budgets that resemble the reality of American-hybrid and vinifera grape growers in the Midwest, we examine the economic feasibility of 24 plausible production scenarios by simulating changes in operational and technical parameters of production. Our results show that economies of scale, level of automation, and adequate balance between capital and labor use are determining factors for economic feasibility. Small-scale hybrid vineyards (10 acres or less) are seldom feasible as a stand-alone project. Vinifera vineyards tend to reach superior performance due to scale, decisions regarding automation, and efficiency of field operations. Following the feasibility analyses and results, our discussion helps explain why grape vineyards are frequently integrated with wineries and other business units across the Midwest.

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kuttuva ◽  
Sharachchandra Lele ◽  
Gara Villalba Mendez

Decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse (DWTRU) using small-scale on-site sewage treatment plants (STPs) is an attractive solution addressing the problems of water pollution and scarcity, especially in rapidly urbanizing cities in developing countries, where centralized infrastructure for wastewater treatment is inadequate. But decentralized systems face several challenges (economic feasibility, public acceptance) that need to be better understood. The city of Bengaluru in India provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate such systems. In 2004, in an effort to curb the alarming levels of pollution in its water bodies due to untreated sewage disposal, the environmental regulatory agency mandated apartment complexes above a certain size to install STPs and reuse 100% of their wastewater, resulting in the installation of more than 2200 on-site STPs till date. This study attempts to analyze the factors influencing the extent of treatment and reuse in such systems, through structured surveys of residential associations, STP experts and government officials. The results are analyzed using a framework that integrates the technology adoption literature with the monitoring and enforcement literature. The study indicates that, while no apartment complex is able to reuse 100% of its treated water, there exists significant variation across apartment complexes in the level of treatment and reuse (from partial to poor) due to a complex mix of economies of scale, the price of fresh water, the level of enforcement and awareness, and technological choices made under information asymmetry. Only apartments dependent on expensive tanker water supply had clear economic incentives to comply with the order. Yet many large complexes that depended on low-priced utility or borewell supply were partially compliant, owing partly to lower (although positive) costs, higher level of formal enforcement and perhaps greater environmental awareness. On the other hand, the high treatment cost pushed smaller complexes to curtail the operation of their STPs (and the lower levels of enforcement further worsened this), resulting in inadequate treated water quality and consequently low reuse levels. The study recommends relaxing the infeasible 100% reuse criterion, and raising the threshold size above which DWTRU should be mandated so as to reduce the cost burden and increase enforceability. Subsidies towards capital costs and enabling resale of treated water will enable wider adoption. DWTRU is an apparently attractive solution that however, requires judicious policy-making and implementation to succeed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakultas Pertanian UNISI

In terms of participation excellence, the fisheries sector of Indragiri Hilir Regency is gender biased. Pia dominates the scene, will hold leading positions such as ownership, control, and access to the productive resources of aquaculture production systems, as well as ownership of fishing vessels and equipment in the fishing sector. These roles benefit them financially by providing investment opportunities, loan facilities, and import and export licenses, among others. Despite the economic potential of small-scale fisheries and aquaculture, women invest very little in the aquaculture, artisanal and industrial sectors. Womentake a secondary role in processing and marketing, delaying major decisions for male counterparts. The underlying socio-cultural norms and gender relationships emphasized by intersectionality are often barriers to owning, accessing, or controlling productive resources and other inputs. Gender mainstreaming appears to be a very recent development in the fisheries sector. The goal of the study is the reorientation of women, especially those working in small-scale fisheries, including fisheries and aquaculture, toward active and significant participation in boat owner contribution, productivity, and policy/decision-making. Secondary data and conclusions from previous studies, especially reports and reviews from other districts,compared to what is available in Indragiri Hilir Regency. As a result, we propose expanding social entrepreneurship initiatives, bootstrapping,and social capital, among other interventions, to increase women's participation in the fisheries sector.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 6565-6576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Dell’Antonia ◽  
Sirio R. S. Cividino ◽  
Olga Malev ◽  
Gianfranco Pergher ◽  
Rino Gubiani

Author(s):  
Rujiah Rujiah ◽  
KMS Novyar Satriawan Fikri ◽  
Marlina Marlina ◽  
Mulono Apriyanto

In terms of participation excellence, the fisheries sector of Indragiri Hilir Regency  is gender biased. Pia  dominates the scene, will hold leading positions such as ownership, control, and access to the productive resources of aquaculture production systems, as well as ownership of fishing vessels and equipment in the fishing sector. These roles give them the benefit  of financial by providing investment opportunities, loan facilities, and import and export licenses, among others. Despite the economic potential of small-scale fisheries and aquaculture, women invest very little in the aquaculture, artisanal and industrial sectors.  Women take a secondary role in processing and marketing, delaying major decisions for male counterparts. The underlying socio-cultural norms and gender relationships emphasized by intersectionality are often barriers to owning, accessing, or controlling productive resources and other inputs. Gender mainstreaming appears to be a very recent development in the fisheries sector. The goal of  the study is the reorientation of women, especially those working in small-scale fisheries, including fisheries and aquaculture, toward active and significant participation in boat owner contribution, productivity, and policy/decision-making. Secondary data and conclusions from previous studies, especially reports and reviews from other districts,compared to what is available in  Indragiri Hilir Regency. As a result, we propose expanding social entrepreneurship initiatives, bootstrapping,and social capital, among other interventions, to increase women's participation in the fisheries sector.   Dalam hal keunggulan partisipasi, sektor perikanan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir bias gender. Pia mendominasi tempat kejadian, akan memegang posisi terkemuka seperti kepemilikan, kontrol, dan akses ke sumber daya produktif sistem produksi akuakultur, serta kepemilikan kapal penangkap ikan dan peralatan di sektor perikanan. Peran-peran ini menguntungkan mereka secara finansial dengan memberikan peluang investasi, fasilitas pinjaman, dan lisensi impor dan ekspor, antara lain. Terlepas dari potensi ekonomi perikanan dan akuakultur skala kecil, perempuan berinvestasi sangat sedikit di sektor akuakultur, artisanal dan industri. Perempuan mengambil peran sekunder dalam pengolahan dan pemasaran, menunda keputusan besar untuk rekan-rekan laki-laki. Norma-norma sosial-budaya yang mendasari dan hubungan gender yang ditekankan oleh interseksionalitas sering menjadi hambatan untuk memiliki, mengakses, atau mengendalikan sumber daya produktif dan input lainnya. Pengarus utamaan gender tampaknya menjadi perkembangan yang sangat baru di sektor perikanan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah reorientasi perempuan, terutama mereka yang bekerja di perikanan skala kecil, termasuk perikanan dan akuakultur, menuju partisipasi aktif dan signifikan dalam kontribusi pemilik kapal, produktivitas, dan kebijakan / pengambilan keputusan. Data sekunder dan kesimpulan dari penelitian sebelumnya, terutama laporan dan ulasan dari Kabupaten lain, dibandingkan dengan apa yang tersedia di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Sebagai hasilnya, kami mengusulkan perluasan inisiatif kewirausahaan sosial, kapal penangkap ikan (bootstrapping), dan modal sosial, di antara intervensi lainnya, untuk meningkatkan partisipasi perempuan di sektor perikanan.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Tarariko ◽  
L.V. Datsko ◽  
M.O. Datsko

The aim of the work is to assess the existing and prospective models for the development of agricultural production in Central Polesie on the basis of economic feasibility and ecological balance. The evaluation of promising agricultural production systems was carried out with the help of simulation modeling of various infrastructure options at the levels of crop and multisectoral specialization of agroecosystems. The agro-resource potential of Central Polesie is better implemented in the rotation with lupine, corn and flax dolguntsem with well-developed infrastructure, including crop, livestock units, grain processing and storage systems, feed, finished products and waste processing in the bioenergetic station. The expected income for the formation of such an infrastructure is almost 8 thousand dollars. / with a payback period of capital investments of 2-3 years.


Author(s):  
Murugan Paradesi Chockalingam ◽  
Navaneethakrishnan Palanisamy ◽  
Saji Raveendran Padmavathy ◽  
Edwin Mohan ◽  
Beno Wincy Winsly ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-779
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios García-Villegas ◽  
Anastacio García-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán ◽  
Monica Elizama Ruiz-Torres ◽  
Adolfo Armando Rayas-Amor ◽  
...  

AbstractThe objective of the study was to characterize small-scale dairy production systems to identify the technological preferences according to the farmer and farm characteristics and to analyze the importance and role of the information communication technologies (ICTs) in the dissemination of information related to management and livestock activities. To collect the data, a survey was applied to 170 small-scale dairy farmers from central Mexico. To characterize the farms, a factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed. To compare and identify differences between groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted. Four factors that explain 70.93% of the accumulated variance were identified; these factors explain the use of technology, production characteristics, social connections, and use of ICTs. The cluster analysis identified four groups. Group 1 was integrated by farmers with more experience and the largest farms. Group 2 had higher studies and use of ICTs. Group 3 was formed by young farmers but had a low use of technology. Group 4 contained older farmers with a low use of technology. The young farmers with higher studies have begun to incorporate ICTs into their daily activities on the farm, as observed in Group 2. Smartphones were the most used and were considered important by the farmers of the four groups, since they enable interaction with other farmers and the dissemination of topics of interest related with the farm. In conclusion, four group of farmers were differentiated; therefore, different extension approaches should be implemented to take into account the preferences and the technologies considered most important for each group. The ICTs are emerging technologies among small-scale dairy farmers to communicate information related to livestock management, mainly by young farmers with studies of secondary, as observed in Group 2.


Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Cleo Kontoravdi ◽  
Robin Shattock ◽  
Nilay Shah

To overcome pandemics, such as COVID-19, vaccines are urgently needed at very high volumes. Here we assess the techno-economic feasibility of producing RNA vaccines for the demand associated with a global vaccination campaign. Production process performance is assessed for three messenger RNA (mRNA) and one self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, all currently under clinical development, as well as for a hypothetical next-generation saRNA vaccine. The impact of key process design and operation uncertainties on the performance of the production process was assessed. The RNA vaccine drug substance (DS) production rates, volumes and costs are mostly impacted by the RNA amount per vaccine dose and to a lesser extent by the scale and titre in the production process. The resources, production scale and speed required to meet global demand vary substantially in function of the RNA amount per dose. For lower dose saRNA vaccines, global demand can be met using a production process at a scale of below 10 L bioreactor working volume. Consequently, these small-scale processes require a low amount of resources to set up and operate. RNA DS production can be faster than fill-to-finish into multidose vials; hence the latter may constitute a bottleneck.


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