scholarly journals Phenolics and Mineral Elements Composition in Underutilized Apple Varieties

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Alessandra Francini ◽  
Carmen Fidalgo-Illesca ◽  
Andrea Raffaelli ◽  
Luca Sebastiani
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Phenolic Phytochemicals ◽  
Excellent Source

(1) Background: The aim of this research is to study the importance of improving knowledge of old variety apples in terms of phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. (2) Methods: Fifteen phenolic compounds (UHPLC-MS/MS techniques), eight mineral elements (Ca, K, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na and Mg), antioxidant capacity (DPPH%) and vitamin C content in four ancient apple varieties of Tuscany (‘Mora’, ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’), with the ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivar as reference, were analyzed. (3) Results: Ancient cultivars exhibited a superior antioxidant capacity compared to commercial cultivars. ECTC and CGA were the polyphenols that mostly characterized the ancient apples. The contents of the elements of concern, Zn and Mn, were higher in the ancient cultivars ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’, while Na showed significant low concentration in ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ compared to ‘Golden Delicious’. The vitamin C content also indicated that ‘Mora’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ old variety had an AsA content around 10 times higher than the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. (4) Conclusions: Underutilized varieties could be an excellent source of bioactive phenolic phytochemicals, mineral nutrients and vitamins that may offer special nutraceutical benefits compared to other fruits.

scholarly journals Análisis de parámetros fisicoquímicos, compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante en piel, pulpa y fruto entero de cinco cultivares de manzana (Malus domestica) cosechadas en México//Analysis of physicochemical parameters, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of peel, pulp and whole fruit of five apple varieties (Malus domestica) harvested in Mexico

Biotecnia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Sandra Corona Leo ◽  
Diana Maylet Hernández-Martínez ◽  
Ofelia Gabriela Meza-Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Golden Delicious

La manzana es fuente de compuestos polifenólicos con propiedades antioxidantes que tienen efectos protectores para la salud humana. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los sólidos solubles totales (SST), acidez total (AT), pH, compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT), contenido total de flavonoides (CTF), contenido total de antocianinas (CTA) y capacidad antioxidante (ABTS y DPPH) en cinco variedades de manzana cultivadas en México. Los resultados indican que, en todas las variedades de manzana, los CFT, CTF, CTA, ABTS y DPPH se encuentran en mayor cantidad en la piel, seguido por el fruto entero y pulpa. En la manzana Golden delicious y en la pulpa de todos los cultivares no se detectaron antocianinas. El análisis de componentes principales (ACP) indica que los SST y AT están asociados a la pulpa y fruto entero, mientras que los CFT, CTF, CTA, ABTS y DPPH están asociados a la piel del fruto. Los CFT y CTA presentaron correlación positiva (r: 0.72-0.83) con el método DPPH en piel, mientras que el ensayo ABTS tuvo correlación positiva (r: 0.75-0.89) con CFT y CTF en piel. Los SST, AT, pH, CFT, CTF, CTA, ABTS y DPPH varían dependiendo del cultivar, región geográfica y parte del fruto.ABSTRACTApples are a source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties that have protective effects on human health. The objective of this work was to determine total soluble solids (SST), total acidity (AT), pH, total phenolic compounds (CFT), total flavonoid content (CTF), total anthocyanin content (CTA) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH) of five apple varieties harvested in Mexico. Results indicate that CFT, CTF, CTA, ABTS and DPPH are distributed in the following order: peel, whole fruit, pulp. In the Golden delicious variety and in the pulp of all apple varieties no anthocyanins were detected. The ACP indicates that SST and AT are associated with pulp and whole fruit, while CFT, CTF, CTA, ABTS and DPPH are associated with the peel of the fruit. The CFT and CTA showed a positive correlation (r: 0.72-0.83) with the DPPH method in peel, while the ABTS assay had a positive correlation (r: 0.75-0.89) with CFT and CTF in peel. The SST, AT, pH, CFT, CTF, CTA, ABTS and DPPH vary depending on the cultivar, geographic region and part of the fruit.

scholarly journals Compost application in integrated and organic fruit cultivation

2012 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Anita Szabó ◽  
István Gonda ◽  
Inre Vágó
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
One Year ◽  
Organic Fruit

Nowadays the success vegetable and fruit production are unimaginable without regular nutrient management. One of the ways to supply the required nutrients in an environmentally friendly way is the application of composts, which is less widespread so far. Compost doses were applied in biological and integrated apple orchards in cooperation with the Institute of Horticultural Science in the years 2010 and 2011. Different changes were resulted by the compost treatments in the examined parameters in case of both apple varieties (Golden Delicious and Pinova). There is no clear effect of compost on the changes of ash-, total acids, Vitamin C and the sugar content until now, because the improvement of the nutritional indicators takes more time. However significant differences were observed after one year between the apple varieties. Higher ash-, total acids and sugar content were measured in case of the apple variety Pinova, while the measurements showed higher Vitamin C content in case of the variety Golden Delicious.

scholarly journals Effect of mineral fertilizers on the variability of phytochemicals in kale

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Total Antioxidant

The effect of five mineral nutrients on the variability of the content of biochemical compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids and the antioxidant activity of kale (Brassica Oleracea var. sabellica) collected at the edible maturity stage. Manipulation of the phytochemical composition of the kale cabbage using mineral fertilizers was evident in the results achieved. The various mineral nutrients used had different effects on the content of the studied phytochemicals. The content of flavonoids and carotenoids did not decrease with any of the various mineral nutrients used. Contrary to recent research suggesting that rare earth elements are good stimulators of secondary metabolite accumulation, our results showed a decrease in the content of phenolic compounds in plants fertilized with neodymium. The total antioxidant activity increased under the influence of NPK and humate, which correlated with the highest content of soluble phenolic compounds and flavonoids in kale leaves. Low doses of N have a positive effect on these indicators. Mineral supplements of trace elements also had a stimulating effect on the accumulation of the studied substances. However, in addition to trace elements, a significant role is played by the presence of humic acids (in humate), which together with trace elements have the maximum stimulating effect on the content of the substances under study. Keywords: MINERAL FERTILIZERS, ANTIOXIDANT PHYTOCHEMICALS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, CAROTENOID, ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY, VITAMIN C, FLAVONOIDS, BRASSICA VEGETABLES

scholarly journals Extraction Techniques for Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity Determination of Chilean Papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens) Fruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Uribe ◽  
Alvaro Delgadillo ◽  
Claudia Giovagnoli-Vicuña ◽  
Issis Quispe-Fuentes ◽  
Liliana Zura-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Sample Extraction

The aim of this work was to assess and compare different extraction methods by using high hydrostatic pressure (HHPE), ultrasound (UE), agitation (AE), and their combinations for the extraction of bioactive compounds of Chilean papaya. Extract antioxidant capacity was evaluated by three methods (i.e., DPPH, FRAP, and Voltammetry) and phenolic compounds and vitamin C were determined by HPLC. Papaya sample extraction was performed by HHPE at 500 MPa for 10 min and UE and AE for 30 min, respectively. The combined-extractions: HHPE-UE and HHPE-AE, were carried out for 5 min and 15 min, respectively. The highest values found were total phenolic 129.1 mg GAE/100 g FW, antioxidant capacity by DPPH 20.6 mM TE/100 g FW, and voltammetry 141.0 mM TE/100 g FW for HHPE-UE method in free compound extraction. Regarding vitamin C content, its highest value was found by HHPE-UE (74 mg/100 g FW) a combined extraction method. The phenolic compounds rutin andp-coumaric acid were found in all the extracts, both in free and bound forms, respectively. Besides, the combined techniques improved the extraction of bioactive compounds.

Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and some horticultural characteristics of black and white mulberry accessions from Eastern Anatolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kenan Gecer ◽  
Meleksen Akin ◽  
Muttalip Gundogdu ◽  
Sadiye Peral Eyduran ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Mulberry

Mulberries, Morus spp., grow in different growing regions of Turkey with a high diversity providing an opportunity to select superior accessions. The goal of the study was to determine the differences in phytochemical components and horticultural characteristics between white and black mulberry accessions in the Igdir province. Fruits of black and white mulberries collected from Igdir province were assayed for various horticultural characteristics including berry width, berry length, berry weight, and berry peduncle length. Samples were also assayed for vitamin C, organic acids (citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, and fumaric), sugars (glucose and fructose), phenolic acids (catechin, rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic, ferulic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, and gallic acids), and antioxidant capacity [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay]. Differences (P < 0.05) were noted between accessions in berry length and berry weight. Malic acid was found to be the predominant organic acid regardless of species. Rutin (for black mulberry) and chlorogenic acid (for white mulberry) were the predominant phenolic acids. Black mulberry had higher glucose and fructose content than white mulberry. Analysis showed that black mulberry had higher content of tartaric acid, malic acid, TEAC, fructose, glucose, catechin, rutin, quercetin, o-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid compared with white mulberry (P < 0.01); however, white mulberry had higher content of succinic acid, vitamin C, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, and gallic acid (P < 0.01). Our results provide a reference for further studies of mulberry fruits in detection of organic acids, sugars, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds. Also, it is clear that we need standardized testing, extraction, and analysis protocols to compare genotypes grown in different countries.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MINERAL NUTRIENT IMPACT ON METABOLITES ACCUMULATION IN KALE (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. SABELLICA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-224
Author(s):  
Joyce D. Anteh ◽  
Olga A. Timofeeva ◽  
Antonina A. Mostyakova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact

Green leafy kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) has huge scientific attention because of its health-promoting functionality. In the present study the impact of NPK, energen, biostim and humate on flavonoid, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and soluble sugar in kale was investigated. The mineral nutrients mostly increased but in some cases maintained the studied metabolites. The stimulatory effect of applied mineral nutrients on the phytochemicals analyzed varied with the different combinations of macro and microelements. Lipid peroxidation was minimized in leaves treated with mineral nutrients hence a reduction in MDA levels. Contrary to the correlation between nitrogen deficiency and increase in polyphenol and vitamin C content in plants, NPK and biostim did not reduce phenolic compound levels. The results of this study showed that NPK maximized the synthesis of vitamin C and proline; energen - phenolic compounds, carotenoids and sugar; biostim – phenolic compounds, proteins and sugar; humate – flavonoids and sugar in curly kale. Therefore, the type of macronutrient and micronutrients combination increases phytochemicals in differently. To enhance the synthesis of phenolic compounds and vitamins, the most promising additives are those containing humic acids (humate and energen), and biostim proved to be more effective for the synthesis of proteins. Background. The understanding of how diet affects the incidence or treatment of disease has led to a rise in consumer’s demand for functional foods as well as created the market for natural sources of health benefitting compounds rather than the synthetic sources. Curly kale has gained scientific attention as a functional food because it contains higher levels of phytochemicals than most vegetables. These phytochemicals have shown antioxidant, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antiviral activities. However, the content levels of these metabolites are influenced by not only genetic but environmental factors. It was of interest to evaluate how various mineral nutrients can elicit the accumulation of these compounds that minimize the risk of chronic diseases or aid in their treatment. Purpose. Evaluate how the mineral nutrients, NPK, energen, biostim and humate affect the content of metabolites (proteins, sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, MDA and proline) in curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). Materials and methods. Sprouts from kale seed kept wet in a Petri dish for 7 days were transferred to the field. At 6 weeks old four mineral nutrients (NPK, energen, humate and biostim) were added to the soil. Control variants were treated with water. A week later, the leaves were harvested after which, the phenolic compound, flavonoid, protein, sugar, vitamin C, carotenoid, MDA and proline contents were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Results. It was shown that humate fertilizer elicited the highest accumulation of flavonoids. Kale plants fertilized with energen were observed to have the highest phenolic compound content. NPK, energen and humate caused a similarly positive effect on vitamin C content in leaves, unlike biostim whose effect did not significantly differ from control plants. Energen treated kale had the highest increment of carotenoids. A varied reduction of MDA levels in plants treated with all four mineral nutrients was observed in kale leaves. Plants fertilized with biostim accrued the highest protein content in leaves. Proline content increased under the influence of all fertilizers studied. Sugar levels for all kale plants treated with the studied mineral nutrients were enhanced equally Conclusion. Macro and microelements supplied by mineral nutrients differentially boost the biosynthesis of health-promoting metabolites in curly kale, thereby enhancing its quality.

Effect of industrial freezing on the physical and nutritional quality traits in broccoli

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés González-Hidalgo ◽  
Diego A Moreno ◽  
Cristina García-Viguera ◽  
José María Ros-García
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Processing Colour

Broccoli was blanched and frozen at industrial scale to ascertain the physical and nutritional changes that take place in industrial processing. Colour, texture, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, mineral nutrients and microstructure were evaluated. Blanching and freezing caused a decrease in lightness and firmness. Losses of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid + dehydroascorbic acid reached about 57% and 30%, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was similar in fresh and treated broccoli, and the glucosinolates remained constant. These results show that frozen broccoli retains antioxidants compounds, vitamin C and glucosinolates even after industrial processing, meaning that industrially frozen broccoli intended for human consumption can be considered rather similar to the fresh product.

scholarly journals Vitamin C, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Broccoli Florets Grown under Different Nitrogen Treatments Combined with Selenium

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Peñas ◽  
Danuta Zielińska ◽  
Piotr Gulewicz ◽  
Henryk Zieliński ◽  
Juana Frias
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

scholarly journals Study of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and minerals for the valorisation of ancient apple cultivars from Northeast Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Preti ◽  
Anna Maria Tarola
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Abstract Nutritional properties and quality of apple fruits can be related to presence of secondary metabolite contents such as phytochemicals and mineral elements. In this paper, eight polyphenols, four major minerals (Na, K, Mg, Ca), total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined in fourteen ancient apple cultivars grown in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Northeast Italy) to highlight their nutraceutical properties. Both apple peel and pulp were examined separately and results were compared to those of six widespread commercial cultivars using principal component analysis. Ancient apples had much higher content in healthful compounds with respect to commercial varieties, particularly in the peel. Ancient cultivars showed a superior antioxidant capacity in peel (3- to 9- fold) and in pulp (2- to 5-fold) compared to commercial cultivars, with a good correlation with total phenolic content (R = 0.83 in peel and 0.69 in pulp). The polyphenols that mostly characterized the ancient apples pulp were catechins and flavonols. Regarding macro elements, K and Mg content were higher in ancient cultivars, while Na and Ca showed no significant differences. In the perspective of a sustainable economic and social development of local agricultural realities, these results contribute to the valorisation of ancient local apple cultivars as invaluable reservoir of genetic biodiversity to be promoted as functional food or exploited in breeding novel apple hybrids with high nutraceutical properties and better resistance to parasites.

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