Numerical Performance of Thermodynamic Behavior of Shipping-Container Architecture

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ivan Felis Enguix ◽  
Jorge Otero Vega ◽  
Sina Ellesser
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Thermodynamic Behavior ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Design Resources ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
Numerical Performance ◽  
Different Climates

The reuse of shipping containers in architecture has grown in global popularity. However, few studies focus on understanding its thermodynamic behavior. The present study addresses, through numerical simulations, the transitory behavior of a typical house built with containers under different climates, both cold and warm. We examined container with different build construction and observed their effect, from completely naked to those that are coated with materials of different insulation and thermal inertia. Additionally, orientation and other design resources, such as height with respect to the ground, shadow elements, and the position of the windows, were considered. With all these multiparametric studies, quantitative conclusions were obtained that can be considered in design.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Tsunami Debris Impact on Reinforced Concrete Buildings by Fender Structures

Buildings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Zin Zin Tun ◽  
Anat Ruangrassamee ◽  
Qudeer Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Static Analysis ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Cone Type ◽  
Story Drift ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Yield Force

Buildings located in coastal regions are prone to tsunami dangers, which often carry debris in the form of shipping containers and boats. This paper presents an approach for the design of fender structures to minimize debris impacts on buildings. The impact of shipping containers, which are categorized as large debris, is considered in the study. Since the weights of shipping containers are standardized, the impact energy can be related to other debris. For a fender structure, cone-type rubber fenders are used to resist the impact of the shipping container. Various fender reactions are considered as parameters to study the efficiency of the fenders. The displacement-controlled nonlinear static analysis is carried out to determine the building capacity. The energy approach for shipping container impact is used to evaluate the resistance of the building. Capacity curves, energy absorptions, inter-story drift ratios of the buildings with and without a fender structure, and the efficiency of the fender are presented. The buildings with a fender structure can absorb the energy from the impact of a loaded shipping container. Conversely, the building without a fender structure cannot resist the impact of a loaded shipping container. From the obtained results, a recommendation is given for buildings with a fender structure. The hydrodynamic force on the fender structure is transferred to the main building through the fender. Hence, the yield force of the fenders affects the performance of the main building that must be considered in the design.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Lightweight Composite Shipping Container Made of Carbon Fiber Laminates

Logistics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turkay Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
And Function

The literature indicates that a 20% reduction in the weight of empty 40-foot shipping containers would result in $28 billion of fuel savings, along with a 3.6 exajoule reduction in the energy demand over containers’ 15-year lifetime. Decreasing the energy demand and thereby greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing lightweight shipping containers has been an unexplored strategy. In this regard, this study investigates the possibility of further reducing the weight of an empty container without compromising the structural integrity, strength, and function of a traditional steel container. This research finds that up to an 80% reduction in weight is possible by producing shipping containers with composite materials. This research presents the new design of a 40-foot container made of carbon fiber laminates. The tare weight of a traditional 40-foot shipping container is around 3750 kg. On the contrary, in this research, the weight of a composite design of the same container is calculated to be around 822 kg. Additional tests with various loads, such as lifting the container and stacking loads onto the composite container, are performed to explore the strength and buckling issues of the design presented in this study. The analyses reveal that the composite shipping container is a highly promising candidate for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, providing fuel savings and thus reducing the operational costs of transportation.

scholarly journals Architectural building design with refurbished shipping containers: a typological and modular approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz António Pereira-de-Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Luís Filipe Almeida Bernardo ◽  
Ana Raquel Araújo Marques ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unit Module ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
Construction System

Construction of housing buildings using refurbished shipping containers constitutes a successful recent building system. As construction modules, disposed and recycled containers are considered to contribute for a sustainable construction system. This article aims to contribute to a better understanding on this construction system, in particular the architectural project. A methodology based on the typological and modular coordination is proposed as a key tool to help for the development of spatial arrangements by considering the shipping container as a unit/module. The functional occupation typologies were proposed to characterize the main housing activities to be considered in modular coordinated design, allowing to adapt the housing to the family needs according to their social and cultural dynamics. The module constitution and geometry considering two commercial maritime shipping containers are presented.

scholarly journals STUDY ON DRIFT BEHAVIOR OF CONTAINER ON APRON DUE TO TSUNAMI-INDUCED INCOMING AND RETURN FLOW

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Nakamura ◽  
Norimi Mizutani ◽  
Yasuhiro Wakamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Incoming Flow ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Quay Wall ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Drift Behavior

The drift behavior of a shipping container on an apron resulting from a tsunami-induced incoming flow and subsequent return flow is investigated using hydraulic experiments and numerical simulations. Experimental and numerical results show that the container initially set parallel to a quay wall can fall into the sea when the relative overflow height of an incident tsunami is large regardless of the relative initial position of the container. This suggests that it is not always effective to shelter containers near the seawall before large tsunamis. In addition, it is not evident that the container initially set perpendicular to the quay wall drifts seaward, suggesting that an effective countermeasure would be to store containers on the apron in the cross-shore direction.

scholarly journals Current and Prospective Radiation Detection Systems, Screening Infrastructure and Interpretive Algorithms for the Non-Intrusive Screening of Shipping Container Cargo: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-280
Author(s):  
Euan L. Connolly ◽  
Peter G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
Radiological Dispersal ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
Screening Systems

The non-intrusive screening of shipping containers at national borders serves as a prominent and vital component in deterring and detecting the illicit transportation of radioactive and/or nuclear materials which could be used for malicious and highly damaging purposes. Screening systems for this purpose must be designed to efficiently detect and identify material that could be used to fabricate radiological dispersal or improvised nuclear explosive devices, while having minimal impact on the flow of cargo and also being affordable for widespread implementation. As part of current screening systems, shipping containers, offloaded from increasingly large cargo ships, are driven through radiation portal monitors comprising plastic scintillators for gamma detection and separate, typically 3He-based, neutron detectors. Such polyvinyl-toluene plastic-based scintillators enable screening systems to meet detection sensitivity standards owing to their economical manufacturing in large sizes, producing high-geometric-efficiency detectors. However, their poor energy resolution fundamentally limits the screening system to making binary “source” or “no source” decisions. To surpass the current capabilities, future generations of shipping container screening systems should be capable of rapid radionuclide identification, activity estimation and source localisation, without inhibiting container transportation. This review considers the physical properties of screening systems (including detector materials, sizes and positions) as well as the data collection and processing algorithms they employ to identify illicit radioactive or nuclear materials. The future aim is to surpass the current capabilities by developing advanced screening systems capable of characterising radioactive or nuclear materials that may be concealed within shipping containers.

Chassis

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
Bethany Stich ◽  
James Amdal ◽  
Peter Webb
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Shipping Containers

International trade requires efficient delivery between exporter and importer, usually by ocean vessels. Roughly 90% of cargo is transported in shipping containers, delivered for export by truck or rail, then received at the importer to be similarly discharged. This chapter discusses containerized trade, focusing on international chassis, the wheeled shipping container bed. The authors discuss the invention of containerization and give the historical context for US chassis provision. The chapter outlines the chassis logistical difficulties of US truckers. An overview of attempts to solve this by chassis pooling is provided. The chapter then addresses differences between chassis in the US and the rest of the world. Key chassis regulations are covered, followed by a discussion of the relation of chassis to sustainability. Antitrust issues concerning the main chassis providers and the three recently created ocean carrier alliances are covered. The authors conclude with three recommendations for improving US chassis access.

scholarly journals “Pack 'em, rack 'em and stack 'em”: The appropriateness of the use and reuse of shipping containers for prison accommodation

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Maree Grant
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
Prison Populations ◽  
Building Methods

Shipping containers are gaining increasing recognition for their apparent durability, adaptability, light weight, ‘low cost' and ease of stacking, spurring a  trend that has resulted in shipping container sculpture, homes, housing, hotels, and museums. The use of prefabricated, pre-manufactured and prototype building methods for prison construction has grown considerably as some jurisdictions attempt to deal with the construction of prisons with speed and economy. In the last three years, shipping containers have been used in the prison sector as a way of managing burgeoning prison populations. Recent prison developments in both Australia and New Zealand where shipping containers have been employed for prisoner housing are of considerable interest. In this article, the financial, functional, structural, technical, environmental and architectonic impacts of this approach are discussed.

scholarly journals Light Traps in Shipping Containers: A New Tool for the Early Detection of Insect Alien Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1718-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Marchioro ◽  
Andrea Battisti ◽  
Massimo Faccoli
Keyword(s):  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Trap Density ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Cadra Cautella ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Trapping Performance ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Insects are one of the most successful groups of invasive species, and the number of new introductions has been increasing in the last decades. Insect invasions are affected mainly by the increase in international trade, as most of them travel across the world inside shipping containers. The effectiveness of sticky light traps was tested for the interception of alien pests inside the containers. The tested hypotheses were that light traps have a valuable broad-spectrum attraction and their trapping performance differs between empty or loaded containers. The optimal trap density in a container was also investigated. Trapping tests were conducted on four model species: Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Sitophilus zeamais, Motschulsky and Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insects were released within a standard shipping container, in either empty or loaded conditions, where sticky light traps were deployed for 15 h. Traps were tested with light on (activated) or off (control). Activated traps captured more Lepidoptera and Diptera than control ones, with no differences between empty and loaded container. Instead, Coleoptera were rarely caught, probably because of their ability to escape from traps. Results show that higher trap density in the container (from 1 to 8) increases the probability of insect capture. In conclusion, positive results on C. cautella and D. melanogaster suggest a possible application of sticky light traps against some small Lepidoptera and Diptera species flying in containers and infesting seeds, grains, and fruits, while traps need improvement for application against beetles.

Prevention of Churning During Shipment of Dairy Herd Improvement Milk Samples1

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. MOYES ◽  
R. D. ELWOOD ◽  
W. J. BARNES ◽  
G. H. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Shipping Containers

Polystyrofoam shipping containers used in some DHI central milk testing programs were inadequate to keep fifty 28.3-ml milk samples below 10 C for 1 h when transferred into air at 25 C. Initial milk temperature was 4.4 C. Forty samples in a modified shipping container, packed with 850 g of ice, were at 17 C in 24 h. Unless refrigerated shipment can be assured, samples in plastic bags, sealed to eliminate air, should be adopted to minimize fat losses from churning as measured by a Mark III Milko-Tester. Fat losses increased with increasing air space in containers, absence of dichromate preservative or phosphate additives, and agitation above 10 C. Churned fat losses were greater in mishandled Jersey milk (high fat) than in Holstein milk (low fat) samples.

scholarly journals Repackaging of Two Bulged Crimp Sealed Cans Containing Plutonium Bearing Materials

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Watkins ◽  
R. D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Savannah River Site ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Bearing Material ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Shipping Container ◽  
Air System ◽  
Bearing Materials ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
River Site ◽  
Different Origin

Two cans containing plutonium bearing materials were found during radiography surveillance activities to be bulged. The cans had been stored in DOT 6M shipping containers at the Savannah River Site. The material in the first can (Item CZA96-179) was packaged can/bag/can configuration with the inner and outer cans being crimp sealed. The crimp sealed innermost can was clearly deformed from the radiography picture taken for surveillance purposes. This material had been stored in the shipping container since the mid 1970’s. The second can (Item 50014440) contained plutonium bearing material of a different origin. The material had been repackaged at the Savannah River Site in the mid 1990’s, and the repackaged can was stored in a 6M shipping drum. A special puncturing tool, which secured the can and allowed for a very controlled puncture of both outer and inner cans was used in a glovebox. The glovebox has a dry air system and an argon supply. The puncturing tool utilized a non-sparking punch and an argon purge. The cans were repackaged into filtered outer cans. A description of the puncturing tool, repackaging activities, and of the materials will be provided.

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