scholarly journals Relationship between Individual Social Capital and Cognitive Function among Older Adults by Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Ito ◽  
Kenta Okuyama ◽  
Takafumi Abe ◽  
Miwako Takeda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hamano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
The Relationship

As it is not easy to modify lifestyle, it is important to examine the effect of social capital (SC), which does not require behavior modifications, on dementia prevention. This study aimed to clarify gender differences in the relationship between cognitive function and individual SC among people living in a rural area in Japan. We used the Shimane Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE) study data from 2011 to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. The analysis included 491 participants, aged 40 years or older, who had undergone medical examinations in two rural towns in Japan. Both cognitive SC and structural SC were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cognitive function levels as binary outcomes. We found a significant association between cognitive function and individual cognitive SC in men (OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.43–6.78), and found that cognitive function was associated with structural SC in women (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08–3.31). This study showed that the relationship between cognitive function and individual SC differed by gender. These results suggest that it is important to approach dementia prevention differently in men and women.

The factors associated with the length of the third stage of labour: A descriptive-analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Refaei ◽  
Soodabeh Aghababaei ◽  
Mansoureh Yazdkhasti ◽  
Farideh Kazemi ◽  
Fatemeh Farahmandpour
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Several risk factors have been identified for postpartum hemorrhage, one of which being the duration of the third stage of labour. This stage refers to the interval between the expulsion of the fetus to the expulsion of the placenta. Some bleeding occurs in this stage due to the separation of the placenta Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the length of the third stage of labour. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 women hospitalized for vaginal birth were selected via convenience sampling. The study data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.41 (6.26) years. Investigation of the relationship between the study variables and the time of placental separation indicated that a minute increase in the length of membranes rupture caused a 0.003minute decrease in the time of placental separation. However, this time increased by 2.75, 6.68, and 2.86 minutes in the individuals without the history of abortion, those with the history of stillbirth, and those who had not received hyoscine, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that suffering from preeclampsia or hypertension, history of stillbirth, not receiving hyoscine, and not receiving misoprostol increased the length of the third stage by 4.40, 8.55, 2.38, and 6.04 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Suffering from preeclampsia and having the history of stillbirth increased and using hyoscine and misoprostol decreased the length of the third stage of labour. However, no significant relationship was found between the length of the third stage of labour and mother’s age, gestational age, parity, mother’s body mass index, mother’s chronic disorders, history of manual placenta removal, length of the first and second stages, membranes rupture, induction, amount of oxytocin after delivery, and infant’s weight and gender.

scholarly journals Relationship between social capital indicators and lifestyle in Brazilian adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1636-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Roberto Loch ◽  
Regina Kazue Tanno de Souza ◽  
Arthur Eumann Mesas ◽  
David Martinez-Gómez ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between indicators of social capital and health-related behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1,062 participants representative of the population aged 40 years or older from a city in Southern Brazil. The following indicators of social capital were examined: number of friends, number of people they could borrow money from when in need; extent of trust in community members; number of times members of the community help each other; community safety; and extent of membership in community activities. Also, an overall score of social capital including all indicators was calculated. A poor social capital was associated with insufficient leisure-time physical activity (OR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.07-2.70), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.53; 95%CI: 1.05-2.24), and smoking (OR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.21-3.21). No clear association was found between capital social and binge drinking. A score of social capital showed an inverse relationship with the number of prevalent risk behaviors (p < 0.001). These results reinforce that policies to promote health should consider social capital.

Social capital and health and job related outcomes: the case of a large municipality

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristina Løkke
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Municipality

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between workplace social capital and health and job related outcomes in a large Danish municipality. Design/methodology/approach – Data used in this cross-sectional study are based on an electronic employee survey conducted in 2012 in a large municipality. Of the total population of 5,672 individuals, the number of participants amounted to 4,162, leading to a response rate of 73.4 percent. Binary logistic regression analysis is used as a statistical method, and odds ratios and their corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals have been estimated. Findings – The level of social capital is fairly high in the municipality (3.75 on a five-point scale). Social capital is related to health (OR=0.420) and psychological distress (OR=0.282) but has an even stronger relationship to job satisfaction and commitment (OR is 9.889 and 7.800, respectively). The study contributes with the conclusion that different sub-dimensions of social capital are related to health and job related outcomes. Therefore, managers need to be specific about what exactly they want to achieve with the implementation of social capital in municipalities. Originality/value – Research of the relationship between social capital and health and job related outcomes based on a case study approach of a municipality are limited. This paper makes an original contribution in providing evidence of the importance of social capital for Danish municipal sector employees’ health, job satisfaction, and commitment in a work context.

scholarly journals The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19 disease and its mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Vasheghani ◽  
Nasrin Jannati ◽  
Parvaneh Baghaei ◽  
Mitra Rezaei ◽  
Roqayeh Aliyari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
General Wards ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSupplemental vitamin D can reduce the risk and mortality of viral pneumonia. The relationship between 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the severity and mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was evaluated. In this cross-sectional study, the admitted patients with COVID-19 were categorized as mild, moderate, severe, and critical based on clinical and radiologic characteristics. Calcium, phosphorus, albumin, creatinine, and serum 25(OH)D were measured and their correlation with the severity of disease and mortality were analyzed. During 2 months, 508 patients (442 patients in general wards and 66 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU)) were included. The participants were 56 ± 17 years old (52% male, 37% with comorbidity). Concerning severity, 13%, 42%, 36%, and 9% had mild, moderate, severe, and critical diseases, respectively. The mortality rate was 10.8%. Admission to ICU, severity of disease and mortality decreased significantly across quartiles of 25(OH)D. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, disease mortality had a positive correlation with age and had a negative correlation with the serum level of 25(OH)D, calcium, and albumin. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, low 25(OH)D was associated with severe disease and increased ICU admission and mortality rate.

scholarly journals The study of the Relationship between Social Capital and Entrepreneurship Behavior of Faculty Members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Rafiei ◽  
Rafat Mohebibar ◽  
Bahman Ahadi Nejad ◽  
Nadia Nisari
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Social capital has an important role in empowering entrepreneurship activities and performance improvement inhuman resources. This study aimed to examine the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship behavior of academic members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional method conducted among all faculty members working in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2018. In order to collect study data, two standard questionnaires including social capital scale (Nahapiet & Goshal 1998) and entrepreneurial behavior (Leon Daes Zamptakis and Vasiliss Mustakis 2007) were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS version 20. Results: The results of the study showed that social capital and entrepreneurial behavior had a desirable condition. Furthermore, these two variables were statistically correlated (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Promoting the level of social capital in academic environments has significant benefits and a positive impact on entrepreneurial behaviors of academic members of the university. Therefore, managers should strengthen this key element in their organizations to upgrade their professional job performance.   Key words: Social Capital, Entrepreneurial Behavior, Faculty Member of the University.

scholarly journals The Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relationship between Cognitive Function and the Activities of Daily Living in Post-stroke Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Hwee Wee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Demographic Covariates ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) in addition to the mediating effect exerted by depression on this relationship in post-stroke patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 182 patients were recruited from two general and three geriatric hospitals in South Korea between July 2017 and June 2018. Cognitive function, depression, and ADL measures were assessed after informed consent was obtained. Data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression and a simple mediation model that applies the PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstrap resampling).Results: The covariates were sex, age, educational level, types of paralysis, and type of hospital. After controlling for the demographic covariates, cognitive function significantly accounted for the variance of ADL. It was also demonstrated that depression partially mediated the relationship between cognitive function and ADL in post-stroke patients.Conclusion: Cognitive function directly influences the ADL in post-stroke patients and indirectly influences it through depression. This suggests that strategies for improving depression in post-stroke patients should be considered while managing cognitive functioning for improving the ADL.

scholarly journals Facebook usage and risk of poor social capital

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Thanh Van Ly
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Network Site ◽  
Facebook Usage ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in the relationship between Social Network Site (SNS) and Social Capital (SC) [1]–[3]. However, there have been no studies which compare differences in risk of poor social capital of SNS users. This paper will focus on the relationship between three features of Facebook usage (online time, friends and emotion) and risk of poor SC. In addition, this paper will also examine the relationship between measure of cognitive “important of social capital” and risk of poor SC. This cross-sectional study collected 288 survey of Vietnamese Facebook users, who were conventional sampled. We classified users into two groups poor SC and rich SC based on median. Other variables such as Online time, Friends, Emotion and Cognitive were classified into two groups based on median values. We compared risk of poor SC for each group. Group A1 (friends ≤ 200) ratio of poor SC was 13.55% larger than group B1 (friends > 200). Risk ratio A1:B1 was 1.27 (63.1% vs 48.6%; 95% CI: 1.02— 1.59) and proportion test ratio poor of SC A1 greater than ratio poor of SC B1 was P-value = 0.017. Group A2 (daily online time ≤ 30 minutes) ratio of poor SC was 9.08% larger than group B2 (daily online time > 30 minutes). Risk ratio A2:B2 was 1.17 (62.9% vs 50.8%; 95% CI: 0.95—1.53) and proportion test ratio of poor SC A2 > B2 was P-value = 0.08. Group A3 (average emotion ≤ 3.17) ratio of poor SC was 27.4% larger than group B3 (average emotion > 3.17). Risk ratio A3:B3 was 1.62 (70.7% vs 43.6%; 95% CI: 1.3—2.02) and proportion test ratio of poor SC A3 > B3 was P-value < 0.001. Group A4 (average cognitive ≤ 3.75) ratio of poor SC was 26.91% larger than group B4 (average cognitive > 3.75). Risk ratio A4:B4 was 1.6 (72.1% vs 44.6%; 95% CI: 1.30— 1.96) and proportion test ratio of poor SC A4 < B4 was P-value < 0.001. Emotion of Facebook activity and cognitive “important of social capital” may reduce ratio of poor SC of users. Individuals should focus to these factors to gain SC (one factor based on SNS and one factor none related SNS). It seems that online time and number of Facebook friends have a little benefit for users.

scholarly journals Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mitigates the Association Between Platelet Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Bélanger ◽  
Véronique Bouchard ◽  
Jessica Le Blanc ◽  
Louisia Starnino ◽  
Mélanie Welman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Platelet hyperactivity is deleterious in coronary artery disease (CAD), requiring lifelong antiplatelet therapy, and is associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Upon activation, platelets release Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin protective against cognitive decline. Given these apparently opposing effects of platelet activation on cognitive health, we investigated whether BDNF levels intercede in the relationship between platelet activation and cognitive function; and whether this relationship is moderated by the presence of CAD.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,280 participants with (n = 673) and without CAD (n = 607) completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Plasma BDNF and soluble P-selectin (a marker of platelet activity) levels were assessed using multiplex flow cytometry.Results: In a mediation model, platelet activity was correlated with higher plasma BDNF concentrations (b = 0.53, p &lt; 0.0001). The relationship between sP-selectin and BDNF concentrations was stronger for individuals without CAD (b = 0.71, p &lt; 0.0001) than for CAD participants (b = 0.43, p &lt; 0.0001; pinteraction &lt;0.0001). Higher BDNF concentrations were associated with higher MoCA scores (b = 0.26, p = 0.03). The overall effect of platelet activity on cognitive performance was non-significant (total effect: b = −0.12, p = 0.13), and became significant when accounting for BDNF as a mediating factor (direct effect: b = −0.26, p = 0.01). This resulted in a positive indirect effect of platelet activity (via BDNF) on MoCA scores (b = 0.14, CI 95% 0.02–0.30), that was smaller in CAD participants than in non-CAD participants [Δ −0.07 (95% CI −0.14 to −0.01)].Conclusions: BDNF released from activated platelets could be a mitigating factor in a negative association between platelet activity and cognitive function.

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