scholarly journals Exploring Generational Differences of British Ethnic Minorities in Smoking Behavior, Frequency of Alcohol Consumption, and Dietary Style

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senhu Wang ◽  
Shuanglong Li
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Behavior Frequency

Background: This article explores ethnic minority generational differences in smoking behavior, frequency of alcohol consumption, and dietary style in Britain, and whether these differences can be explained by generational differences in socioeconomic status and ethnic identity. Method: Multivariate analyses using wave 2 (2010–2012) and wave 5 (2013–2015) of the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study on smoking behavior, frequency of alcohol consumption, and dietary style from 59,189 White British, 1690 Indians, 960 Pakistanis, 555 Bangladeshis, 1060 Black Caribbeans, and 1059 Black Africans, adjusted for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status and ethnic identity. Results: While we find little evidence for generational differences in dietary style, second-generation Indians, Pakistanis, and Black Caribbeans have a significantly higher probability of smoking than the first-generation, and all second-generation minorities are significantly more likely to consume alcohol than their first-generation counterparts. Such generational differences in alcohol consumption are partly explained by second-generation minorities’ weakened ethnic identity and higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions: This study facilitates a better understanding of minority generational differences in health behaviors and the role of socioeconomic status and ethnic identity, highlighting the need for future policy interventions to target certain second-generation ethnic minorities who have adopted certain host society unhealthy lifestyles.

scholarly journals Exploring Ethnic and Generational Differences in Gender Role Attitudes among Immigrant Populations in Britain: The Role of Neighborhood Ethnic Composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senhu Wang ◽  
Rory Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Nationally Representative

Divergent gender role attitudes among ethnic groups in Britain are thought to contribute to ethnic disparities in many socio-economic domains. Using nationally representative data (2010–2011), we investigate how ethnic minority gender role attitudes vary across generations and with neighborhood ethnic composition. The results show that while Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Indians, and Black Africans have more traditional attitudes than Black Caribbeans, the attitudes of the former groups are more traditional in the first than in the second generation. We also find that the gender role attitudes of Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, and Indians become more traditional as the local share of co-ethnic neighbors increases or the share of White British residents decreases. Importantly, these patterns are more pronounced for second-generation Pakistanis and Bangladeshis, whose gender role attitudes are more sensitive to variations in neighborhood ethnic composition than are those of the first generation. Taken together, these findings indicate that migration researchers must conceptualize and study how immigrants’ cultural values are heterogeneous, fluid, and dynamic characteristics that can vary spatially across host societies.

Socialization goals among first- and second-generation migrant Turkish and German mothers

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Citlak ◽  
Birgit Leyendecker ◽  
Axel Schölmerich ◽  
Ricarda Driessen ◽  
Robin L. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Socialization Goals ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Generation Migrant ◽  
Turkish Mothers

The current study examines generational differences in Turkish mothers' socialization goals following migration to Germany. A total of 78 working-class mothers from three different groups (Turkish first- and second-generation, and German non-migrant) participated. Each mother had a child between 18 and 36 months of age. Mothers were interviewed using the Socialization Goals Interview. The results indicate that compared to both groups of Turkish mothers, German mothers placed more emphasis on self-control as a socialization goal, and compared with the first-generation mothers only, were more concerned that their child develop characteristics associated with psychological independence and self-confidence. Among the Turkish mothers, more highly educated mothers placed less emphasis on the importance of respect towards others than did less educated mothers.

scholarly journals Second Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Vape Pen Exposure Generalizes as a Smoking Cue

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C King ◽  
Lia J Smith ◽  
Patrick J McNamara ◽  
Dingcai Cao
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Smoking Urge ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Tank System ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Introduction Second generation electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; also known as e-cigarettes, vaporizers or vape pens) are designed for a customized nicotine delivery experience and have less resemblance to regular cigarettes than first generation “cigalikes.” The present study examined whether they generalize as a conditioned cue and evoke smoking urges or behavior in persons exposed to their use. Methods Data were analyzed inN = 108 young adult smokers (≥5 cigarettes per week) randomized to either a traditional combustible cigarette smoking cue or a second generation ENDS vaping cue in a controlled laboratory setting. Cigarette and e-cigarette urge and desire were assessed pre- and post-cue exposure. Smoking behavior was also explored in a subsample undergoing a smoking latency phase after cue exposure (N = 26). Results The ENDS vape pen cue evoked both urge and desire for a regular cigarette to a similar extent as that produced by the combustible cigarette cue. Both cues produced similar time to initiate smoking during the smoking latency phase. The ENDS vape pen cue elicited smoking urge and desire regardless of ENDS use history, that is, across ENDS naїve, lifetime or current users. Inclusion of past ENDS or cigarette use as covariates did not significantly alter the results. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that observation of vape pen ENDS use generalizes as a conditioned cue to produce smoking urge, desire, and behavior in young adult smokers. As the popularity of these devices may eventually overtake those of first generation ENDS cigalikes, exposure effects will be of increasing importance. Implications This study shows that passive exposure to a second generation ENDS vape pen cue evoked smoking urge, desire, and behavior across a range of daily and non-daily young adult smokers. Smoking urge and desire increases after vape pen exposure were similar to those produced by exposure to a first generation ENDS cigalike and a combustible cigarette, a known potent cue. Given the increasing popularity of ENDS tank system products, passive exposures to these devices will no doubt increase, and may contribute to tobacco use in young adult smokers.

scholarly journals Identity and belonging formations of second generation Portuguese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Maria Ferreira Trindale
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Subject

My paper investigates eight second generation Portuguese from the ages of 18 to 30, across the GTA, and attempts to explore how second generation Portuguese negotiate their identity and sense of belonging in an ever-changing social environment. While there is extensive literature on the settlement experiences of the first generation Portuguese, there is mininmal information on how second generation Portuguese have integrated within the Canadian mainstream. Therfore, this analysis aims to follow the contours of negotiation among the second generation Portuguese, paying particular attention to the formation of identity and constructions of belonging. In addition, this research will seek to answer on mininmal level, other questions on the subject. For instance, how are Portuguese Canadians forming and reforming their ethnic identity? What cost and benefits are involved in belonging/not belonging to groups? How do people maintain individuality within groups?Children of immigrants

scholarly journals Identity and belonging formations of second generation Portuguese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Maria Ferreira Trindale
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Subject

My paper investigates eight second generation Portuguese from the ages of 18 to 30, across the GTA, and attempts to explore how second generation Portuguese negotiate their identity and sense of belonging in an ever-changing social environment. While there is extensive literature on the settlement experiences of the first generation Portuguese, there is mininmal information on how second generation Portuguese have integrated within the Canadian mainstream. Therfore, this analysis aims to follow the contours of negotiation among the second generation Portuguese, paying particular attention to the formation of identity and constructions of belonging. In addition, this research will seek to answer on mininmal level, other questions on the subject. For instance, how are Portuguese Canadians forming and reforming their ethnic identity? What cost and benefits are involved in belonging/not belonging to groups? How do people maintain individuality within groups?Children of immigrants

Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Anita Pugliese ◽  
Julie Ray ◽  
Neli Esipova
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

Marcuse and Habermas's Political Ideas in English

2019 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Asaad Abdullwahab AbdulKarim ◽  
Waleed Massaher Hamad ◽  
Salah Ibrahim Hamadi
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Important Impact

Abstract     The Frankfurt School is characterized by its critical nature and it is the result of the Marxist socialist thought as it contributed to the development of the German thought in particular and the Western thought in general through important ideas put forward by a number of pioneers in the various generations of the school and most notably through the leading pioneer in the first generation, Marcuse, and the leading pioneer of the second  generation, Habermas, whose political ideas had an important impact on global thinking and later became the basis of the attic of many critical ideas. In spite of the belief of the school members in the idea of the criticism of power and community, each had his own ideas that distinguish him from the others.

Pharmakotherapie update

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Gerd Laux
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Therapeutische Maßnahmen ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

Für die Therapie schizophrener Erkrankungen sind seit fast 60 Jahren Antipsychotika/Neuroleptika aufgrund ihrer antipsychotischen Wirkung von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Einteilung kann unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten erfolgen (chemische Struktur, neuroleptische Potenz, Rezeptorprofil), heute werden üblicherweise unterschieden typische (traditionelle, klassische, konventionelle) Antipsychotika der ersten Generation ‒ »First Generation Antipsychotics« (FGA) ‒ und sog. atypische (»neuere«) Neuroleptika bzw. Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation ‒»Second Generation Antipsychotics« (SGA). Hierzu zählen Aripiprazol, Asenapin, Cariprazin, Clozapin, Olanzapin, Quetiapin, Risperidon, Sertindol und Ziprasidon. Hierbei handelt es sich um keine homogene Gruppe – sowohl neuropharmakologisch (Wirkmechanismus), als auch hinsichtlich klinischem Wirkprofil und dem Nebenwirkungsspektrum bestehen z. T. erhebliche Unterschiede. Neben der Akut-Medikation ist eine Langzeitmedikation bzw. Rezidivprophylaxe mit Antipsychotika für die Rehabilitation vieler schizophrener Patienten im Sinne eines »Stresspuffers« von grundlegender Bedeutung. In Placebo-kontrollierten Studien trat bei Patienten, die über ein Jahr behandelt wurden, bei etwa 30% unter Neuroleptika ein Rezidiv auf, unter Placebo bei mehr als 70%. Für die Langzeitbehandlung bietet sich der Einsatz von Depot-Neuroleptika an, neu entwickelt wurden Langzeit-Depot-Injektionen mit Intervallen von bis zu 3 Monaten. Grundsätzlich ist die niedrigstmögliche (wirksame) Dosis zu verwenden. Im Zentrum der Nebenwirkungen (UAW) standen lange Zeit extrapyramidal-motorische Bewegungsstörungen (EPMS), mit der Einführung von Clozapin und anderen atypischen Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation gewannen andere Nebenwirkungen an Bedeutung. Hierzu zählen Gewichtszunahme, Störungen metabolischer Parameter und ein erhöhtes Risiko für Mortalität und zerebrovaskuläre Ereignisse bei älteren Patienten mit Demenz. Entsprechende Kontrolluntersuchungen sind erforderlich, für Clozapin gibt es aufgrund seines Agranulozytose-Risikos Sonderbestimmungen. Immer sollte ein Gesamtbehandlungsplan orientiert an der neuen S3-Praxisleitlinie Schizophrenie der DGPPN aufgestellt werden, der psychologische und milieu-/sozial-therapeutische Maßnahmen einschließt. Standard ist heute auch eine sog. Psychoedukation, für Psychopharmaka liegen bewährte Patienten-Ratgeber vor.

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