scholarly journals Removal of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus Using Single or Combinations of Aquatic Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su ◽  
Li ◽  
Li ◽  
Xu ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Salvinia Natans ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Living Area

Phytoremediation is a potentially suitable technology for taking up large amounts of N and P during plant growth and the removal of plant material, thereby avoiding eutrophication. We compared the capacity of nine different aquatic plant species for removing total P (TP), total N (TN), and NH4+-N from raw domestic sewage wastewater collected from a living area located in Guangzhou city, China, and different concentrations of artificial wastewater. The experiments were performed in two stages, namely screening and modification. In the screening stage, four plant species were identified from the nine grown in raw domestic sewage water for 36 days. In the modification stage, the TN and TP removal ability of different plant combinations were determined in artificial wastewater at different N/P concentrations. After having been grown in monocultures for 46 days, Ipomoea aquatica (90.6% and 8.8%) and Salvinia natans (67.3% and 14.2%) obtained the highest TP removal efficiency in lightly and highly polluted wastewater, respectively. The combination of S. natans and Eleocharis plantagineiformis effectively removed TP and TN from lightly polluted water, suggesting that this combination is suitable for phytoremediation of eutrophic wastewater.

scholarly journals Evidence of Phosphate Mining and Agriculture Influence on Concentrations, Forms, and Ratios of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Florida River

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Shuiwang Duan ◽  
Kamaljit Banger ◽  
Gurpal S. Toor
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phosphate Mining ◽  
Molar Ratios

Florida has a long history of phosphate-mining, but less is known about how mining affects nutrient exports to coastal waters. Here, we investigated the transport of inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) over 23 sampling events during a wet season (June–September) in primary tributaries and mainstem of Alafia River that drains into the Tampa Bay Estuary. Results showed that a tributary draining the largest phosphate-mining area (South Prong) had less flashy peaks, and nutrients were more evenly exported relative to an adjacent tributary (North Prong), highlighting the effectiveness of the mining reclamation on stream hydrology. Tributaries draining > 10% phosphate-mining area had significantly higher specific conductance (SC), pH, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P (TP) than tributaries without phosphate-mining. Further, mean SC, pH, and particulate reactive P were positively correlated with the percent phosphate-mining area. As phosphate-mining occurred in the upper part of the watershed, the SC, pH, DRP, and TP concentrations increased downstream along the mainstem. For example, the upper watershed contributed 91% of TP compared to 59% water discharge to the Alafia River. In contrast to P, the highest concentrations of total N (TN), especially nitrate + nitrite (NOx–N) occurred in agricultural tributaries, where the mean NOx–N was positively correlated with the percent agricultural land. Dissolved organic N was dominant in all streamwaters and showed minor variability across sites. As a result of N depletion and P enrichment, the phosphate-mining tributaries had significantly lower molar ratios of TN:TP and NOx–N:DRP than other tributaries. Bi-weekly monitoring data showed consistent increases in SC and DRP and a decrease in NOx–N at the South Prong tributary (highest phosphate-mining area) throughout the wet season, and different responses of dissolved inorganic nutrients (negative) and particulate nutrients (positive) to water discharge. We conclude that (1) watersheds with active and reclaimed phosphate-mining and agriculture lands are important sources of streamwater P and N, respectively, and (2) elevated P inputs from the phosphate-mining areas altered the N:P ratios in streamwaters of the Alafia River.

scholarly journals Diurnal and spatial (vertical) dynamics of nutrients (N, P, Si) in four sampling days (summer, fall, winter, and spring) in a tropical shallow reservoir and their relationships with the phytoplankton community

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Ramírez ◽  
C. E. M. Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Reactive Silica ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation ◽  
The City ◽  
Total P

The vertical and diurnal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus forms, as well as that of soluble reactive silica (SRS), were studied in four sampling days at Garças reservoir, a shallow tropical one located in the city of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. Except for N-NH4, all other inorganic forms of nitrogen (N-NO2, N-NO3, and total N) demonstrated decreased concentrations toward the bottom of reservoir. Similarly, all showed significant diurnal differences on every sampling day, with increased values during the night due to absence of photosynthetic assimilation during that period. In the sampling days, these forms decreased on the spring sampling day due to the bloom of Microcystis registered during this period of the year. All three forms of phosphorus (SRP, particulate P, and total P) showed significant vertical variation, except on the fall sampling day. On the summer sampling day there was an increase of both total P and particulate P, the latter because it constitutes more than 70% of the total P during all sampling days. Hourly phosphorus variation was significant during all sampling days, except for the summer one. The SRS vertical variation was significant during all sampling days, except for that in the spring. It was also different hourly on sampling days.

scholarly journals Feasibility of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded sediment-based biochar (nZVI-SBC) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate: high selectivity towards dinitrogen and synergistic mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Jia Wei ◽  
Liangang Hou ◽  
Yuhan Zhu ◽  
Yaodong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Synergistic Mechanism ◽  
Loading Ratio ◽  
Anoxic Environment ◽  
Complexation Mechanism

Abstract In the process of water treatment, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are of great concern. Therefore, we prepared nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded on sediment-based biochar (nZVI-SBC) to conduct nitrate and phosphate removal at the same time. The characterization demonstrated that nZVI-SBC was successfully synthesized, which had obvious advantages for larger specific surface area and better dispersion compared with pure nZVI. The batch experiments indicated that the best loading ratio of nZVI to SBC and optimum dosage for nitrate and phosphate were 1:1and 2 g·L-1, respectively. Their removal by nZVI-SBC was an acid-driven process. Anoxic environment was more conducive to the reduction of nitrate while the phosphate removal was fond of oxygen environment. 77.78% of nitrate and 99.21% of phosphate have been successfully removed, mainly depending on reduction and complexation mechanism, respectively. Moreover, nZVI-SBC had higher N2 selectivity and produced less ammonium than nZVI. The interaction between nitrate and phosphate was studied to manifest that they had different degrees of inhibition during the removal of the other. Our research indicated that nZVI-SBC has great potential for remediation of nitrogen and phosphorus polluted water.

scholarly journals New locations of rare and protected plant species of the aquatic ecosystems of Minsk Region and National park “Belovezhskaya Pushcha”

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
K. L. Savitskaya ◽  
М. A. Dzhus
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Salvinia Natans ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
First Time ◽  
Berula Erecta

There is a review of floral studies of the water bodies in Minsk Region and National Park “Belovezhskaya Pushcha”. 75 new locations of 20 rare aquatic and riverside plant species coming at the water and 1 hybrid were found. 7 of these species are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, 5 species are included into the category of Least Concern and Data Deficient. Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber, Utricularia minor L., Potamogeton acutifolius Link, P. nodosus Poir., Salvinia natans (L.) All. are reported for the first time from National Park «Belovezhskaya Pushcha». The spreading of Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville on the territory of National Park is considered in detail. New locations of Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC., Ranunculus kauffmannii Clerc., Najas major All., Berula erecta, Glyceria lithuanica (Gorski) Gorski, Conioselinum tatari­ cum Hoffm. in Minsk Region, which were not included in 4th edition of the Red Book, have been described. A brief description of habitat environmental conditions is given for the revealed species of aquatic plants, and their phytocoenotic confinement is also pointed out. New information on the locations of protected aquatic plant species should be used to monitor their populations and prepare the documents of protection.

scholarly journals Distribution of Triarrhena lutarioriparia and its reserve characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in Dongting Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Youze Xu ◽  
Guangyi Fu ◽  
Nan Tang ◽  
Zhonghao He ◽  
Lincheng Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Remote Sensing Interpretation ◽  
Storage Characteristics ◽  
Total P ◽  
Lake Wetlands

Triarrhena lutarioriparia, a typical and most abundant macrophyte in Dongting lake wetland, was in the state of abandonment following the papermaking industry revocation in the lake basin. In order to provide scientific basis for precise management of T. lutarioriparia, the T. lutarioriparia distribution charateristics in Dongting Lake and its storage characteristics of nutrients were investigated in this study. Remote sensing interpretation results showed that the total area of T. lutarioriparia in Dongting Lake wetland was 58, 450 ha, 48.31% of which distributed in South Doting Lake wetlands. The nutrients contents were significantly different in T. lutarioriparia tissues, ranking in the descending order of spikes (TN 27.90 mg/g, TP 3.46 mg/g)>leaves (TN 16.38 mg/g, TP 2.11 mg/g)>stems (TN 5.38 mg/g, TP 0.85 mg/g). The total P quantities in each T. lutarioriparia tissue were ranked in the order: stems (560.26 t)>leaves (396.52 t)>spikes (284.67 t), while the total N quantities were within the range of 2170.02-2801.3 t. It was estimated that about 7712.99 t of TN and 1241.45 t of TP were annually removed from Dongting Lake by reaping T. lutarioriparia. The nutrients stored in the dead tissues of T. lutarioriparia might possess non-negligible impact on the water quality of Doting Lake.

Comparison of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency between two types of baffled vertical flow constructed wetlands planted with Oenanthe Javanica

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 2023-2032
Author(s):  
Jingqing Gao ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Rui Zhong ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Jingshen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Oenanthe Javanica

Abstract The environmental problems related to rural domestic sewage treatment are becoming increasingly serious, and society is also concerned about them. A baffled vertical flow constructed wetland (BVFCW) is a good choice for cleaning wastewater. Herein, a drinking-water treatment sludge-BVFCW (D-BVFCW) parallel with ceramsite-BVFCW (C-BVFCW) planted with Oenanthe javanica (O. javanica) to treat rural domestic sewage was investigated, aiming to compare nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in different BVFCWs. A removal of 23.9% NH4+-N, 24.6% total nitrogen (TN) and 76.7% total phosphorus (TP) occurred simultaneously in the D-BVFCW; 56.4% NH4+-N, 60.8% TN and 55.2% TP respectively in the C-BVFCW. The root and plant height increased by an average of 7.9 cm and 8.3 cm, respectively, in the D-BVFCW, and by 0.7 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively, in the C-BVFCW. These results demonstrate that the D-BVFCW and C-BVFCW have different effects on the removal of N and P. The D-BVFCW mainly removed P, while C-BVFCW mainly removed N.

Temporal variation and its drivers in the elemental traits of four boreal plant species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I C Richmond ◽  
S J Leroux ◽  
T R Heckford ◽  
E Vander Wal ◽  
M Rizzuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Stoichiometric Traits ◽  
Trait Variability

Abstract Aims Intraspecific variation in plant traits has important consequences for individual fitness and herbivore foraging. For plants, trait variability across spatial dimensions is well documented. However, temporal dimensions of trait variability are less well known, and may be influenced by seasonal differences in growing degree days, temperature, and precipitation. Here, we aim to quantify intraspecific temporal variation in traits and the underlying drivers for four commonly occurring boreal plant species. Methods We sampled the elemental and stoichiometric traits (%C, %N, %P, C:N, C:P, N:P) of four common browse species’ foliage across two years. Using a two-step approach, we first fitted generalized linear models (GzLM, n = 24) to the species’ elemental and stoichiometric traits, and tested if they varied across years. When we observed evidence for temporal variability, we fitted a second set of GzLMs (n = 8) with temperature, productivity, and moisture as explanatory variables. Important Findings We found no evidence of temporal variation for most of the elemental and stoichiometric traits of our four boreal plants, with two exceptions. Year was an important predictor for percent carbon across all four species (R 2 = 0.47 to 0.67) and for multiple elemental and stoichiometric traits in balsam fir (5/8, R 2 = 0.29 to 0.67). Thus, variation in percent carbon was related to interannual differences, more so than nitrogen and phosphorus, which are limiting nutrients in the boreal forest. These results also indicate that year may explain more variation in conifers’ stoichiometry than for deciduous plants due to life history differences. Growing degree days (GDD) was the most frequently occurring variable in the second round of models (8/8 times, R 2 = 0.21 to 0.41), suggesting that temperature is an important driver of temporal variation in these traits.

scholarly journals Growth Performance of the Mudfish, Clarias anguillaris (Pellegrin, 1923) in Treated and Untreated Domestic Sewage

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Agatha A Nwabueze
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
State University ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Stock Tank

<p>Growth of the mudfish, <em>Clarias anguillaris</em> in of treated and untreated domestic sewage was investigated. Six weeks old fingerlings obtained from Delta State University, Asaba Campus Research Farm were used and the study lasted for 14 weeks. Fingerlings were kept in stock tank containing 10, 000 cm<sup>3 </sup>bore hole water and allowed to acclimate for two weeks. The stock tank was well aerated and fingerlings fed twice daily at the rate of 4% body weight with poultry mash in a daily renewal static bioassay system. The stock (0%- control) was then diluted with bole hole water serially to give 25, 50, 75 % strength of the treated and untreated domestic sewage and 100 % into which 10 fingerlings each were introduced. Weekly measurement of growth parameters of fish total length and weight were taken. The condition factor (k) was calculated. Increase in fish total length and weight in control, treated and untreated domestic sewage was observed. Growth of fish was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in the treated domestic sewage than in the untreated. There was no significant (P&gt;0.05) difference in total length of fish in all concentrations of treated domestic sewage as compared with controls. However, fish in 100% concentration of domestic sewage had a slower increase in total length than fish in other treated concentrations. Weight gain in <em>C. anguillaris</em> was higher in the 50% but not significantly (P&gt;0.05) higher than other concentrations of treated domestic sewage. The increase in fish weight in the untreated domestic sewage was not significantly (P&gt;0.05) different in all the treatments but was significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower than that of fish in the control. Condition factor of <em>C. anguillaris </em>in both the treated and untreated domestic sewage varied and decreased except for fish in 100% treated domestic sewage which was observed to have an increase in the value of the condition factor from 3.76g cm<sup>-3</sup> to 4.73g cm<sup>-3</sup>. Untreated domestic sewage water showed a higher turbidity, biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D), alkalinity and nitrate composition of than treated sewage which had higher oxygen content and was clearer in appearance than the untreated. Microbial analysis shows the presence of <em>Escherichia fecalis, Streptococcus fecalis </em>and<em> Enterococcus fecalis </em>in untreated sewage with ciliated protozoans in both treated and untreated sewage. This study has shown that treated domestic sewage is best for healthy fish growth with reduced risk of transfer of pathogens.</p>

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