scholarly journals Size Matters: A Latent Class Analysis of Workplace Health Promotion Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Likelihood of Action in Small Workplaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Jessiman-Perreault ◽  
Amanda Alberga ◽  
Fatima Jorge ◽  
Edward Makwarimba ◽  
Lisa Allen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Workplace Health Promotion ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Workplace health programs (WHPs) have been shown to improve employee health behaviours and outcomes, increase productivity, and decrease work-related costs over time. Nonetheless, organizational characteristics, including size, prevent certain workplaces from implementing these programs. Past research has examined the differences between small and large organizations. However, these studies have typically used a cut-off better suited to large countries such as the USA. Generalizing such studies to countries that differ based on population size, scale of economies, and health systems is problematic. We investigated differences in WHP knowledge, attitudes, and practices between organizations with under 20 employees, 20–99 employees, and more than 100 employees. In 2017–2018, a random sample of employers from 528 workplaces in Alberta, Canada, were contacted for participation in a cross-sectional survey. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify underlying response pattern and to group clusters of similar responses to categorical variables focused on WHP knowledge, attitudes, practices and likelihood of action. Compared to large organizations, organizations with fewer than 20 employees were more likely to be members of the Medium–Low Knowledge of WHP latent class (p = 0.01), the Low Practices for WHP latent class (p < 0.001), and more likely to be members of Low Likelihood of Action in place latent class (p = 0.033). While the majority of workplaces, regardless of size, recognized the importance and benefits of workplace health, capacity challenges limited small employers’ ability to plan and implement WHP programs. The differences in capacity to implement WHP in small organizations are masked in the absence of a meaningful cut-off that reflects the legal and demographic reality of the region of study.

scholarly journals Latent Class Analysis: a new vision of the phenomenon of depression in elderly men in the Brazilian Northeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-825
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Hoffmann Leão ◽  
Vanessa de Lima Silva ◽  
Rafael da Silveira Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Objective: to identify the prevalence of depression in elderly men and associated factors using Latent Class Analysis. Method: a cross-sectional, epidemiological study evaluating 162 Primary Care users resident in the community in Recife, Brazil, was carried out. The Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale was used as a screening instrument. The study was based on descriptive analysis and Latent Class Analysis, which allows the indirect measurement of the phenomenon of Depression by measuring the latent phenomenon of depression through 15 directly observed questions/answers from the scale used followed by ordinal logistic regression. Results: Elderly men with up to four years of schooling had a 2.43 times greater chance of developing depression. Those with normal levels of cortisol were less likely to become depressed while elderly men with low levels of Vitamin D and testosterone and high levels of thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) were more likely to be depressed. The prevalence of the highest level of depression in the study population was 29% and was associated with low levels of education and alterations in the clinical data investigated. Conclusion: The study concluded that Latent Class Analysis allowed an innovative perspective of the phenomenon of depression and its relationship with associated factors, allowing a better and broader approach to this phenomenon in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Common Barriers, Attitudes, and Practices of Veterinary Practitioners Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Md. Sahidur Rahman ◽  
Nazifa Rafa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments

Abstract The perceived risk of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens creates the necessity for understanding the role of the prescriber groups. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among veterinary practitioners to assess their understanding regarding antimicrobial prescribing and the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock. We collected responses from 100 veterinarians engaged in the large animal, poultry, and pet animal care practices. Proportions were calculated for categorical variables and the results were visualized. We revealed two key barriers: a lack of enough information and of training on the proper prescription of antimicrobials. Prescribing a wide variety of antimicrobials and doing incomplete courses of antimicrobial treatments were two very important causes pointed out by the respondents for the development of antimicrobial resistance. A number of highest-priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs) of human health were found to be used by veterinary practitioners. In addition to clinical features like types of organisms and severity of the disease, the availability of drugs in the local market and the economic conditions of farmers have the potential to influence the decisions of veterinarians in prescribing antimicrobials. The professional development of veterinarians and the maintenance of strong coordination are crucial to ensure the proper engagement of veterinarians as the front-line fighters for tackling the AMR issue.

scholarly journals Which are the Nutritional Supplements Used by Beach-Volleyball Athletes? A Cross-Sectional Study at the Italian National Championship

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Amatori ◽  
Davide Sisti ◽  
Fabrizio Perroni ◽  
Samuel Impey ◽  
Michela Lantignotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Face

Beach volleyball is an intermittent team sport played under high temperature and humidity. Given that some nutritional supplements can enhance sports performance, this study aimed to evaluate the quantity and the heterogeneity of the nutritional supplementation practices of amateur (n = 69) and professional (n = 19) beach volley athletes competing in the Italian National Championship; an online form was used to collect data about the supplementation habits. The latent class analysis was used to find sub-groups characterised by different habits regarding supplements consumption. The most frequently used supplements (more than once a week) are vitamins B and C (39.2% of athletes), protein (46.8%), and caffeine (36.9%). The latent class analysis revealed three different sub-groups of athletes: the first class (56.7%) included athletes who were used to take very few supplements, the second class (17.0%) was characterised by higher consumption of supplements and the third class (26.2%) was in the middle between the others two. Groups were characterised not only by the quantity but also by the category of supplements used. Our results highlighted a high heterogeneity in supplementation habits. A pragmatic approach to supplements and sports foods is needed in the face of the evidence that some products can usefully contribute to enhancing performance.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Clients towards COVID-19 at Primary Healthcare Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Clement Kevin Edet ◽  
Anthony Ike Wegbom ◽  
Victor Alangibi Kiri
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Rivers State

Introduction: In spite of all the measures introduced to fight the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in Nigeria by relevant authorities, it is still ravaging the country. This calls for the commitment and responsibility of the citizens in their adherence to all the control measures and guidelines, whose effectiveness is dependent on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study investigated the KAP of clients who attended primary healthcare facilities (PHFs) in Rivers State, Nigeria over the period 16th to 20th June 2020.  Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving the clients seeking care at the           public primary healthcare facilities in the 23 local government areas (LGAs) of Rivers State,         Nigeria as respondents. Using descriptive analysis, the results for each of the quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, whilst those for the categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage.  The association between the responses on KAP and demographic characteristics were tested using the Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with KAP and statistical significance was assessed at P<0.05. Results: Out of 460 questionnaires distributed, 434 respondents participated in the survey, revealing a 94.3% response rate. The proportion of respondents with moderate and above scores in knowledge, attitude, and COVID-19 related practices are 86.6% (62.9+23.7), 80.6% (57.6+23.0), and 58.0% (30.8+27.2) respectively. Occupation, educational level, and senatorial districts are associated with knowledge and attitude, whilst age and senatorial districts are associated with the level of adherence to preventive practices; knowledge level also has associations with both attitude and practices towards COVID-19. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, we suggest public health education programs on COVID-19 should target individuals with low knowledge levels, lower educational attainment, and those residing in the Rivers South-East senatorial zone in the promotion of their messages on COVID-19.

Academic performance and subtypes of psychological traits in undergraduate nursing students: A latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Wanqiong Zhou ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Class 1

Abstract Background: Undergraduate nursing students often encounter emotional problems due to academic stress. However, researchers have primarily focused on the impact of stressors, rather than understanding the subtypes of psychological state among students.Objectives: To identify subgroups of psychological traits among undergraduate nursing students using latent class analysis (LCA), and to examine the relationship between subgroups and exam failure risk.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from May to July 2019. The Ruminative Responses Scale, Learning Burnout Questionnaire and Psychological Capital Scale were used to evaluate students’ psychological traits. Subjects were categorized into subgroups by latent class analysis. Cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal regression analyses were subsequently performed.Settings and Participants: A total of 379 undergraduate nursing students from three medical colleges in Shanghai were investigated by cluster sampling method.Results: A total of four latent classes were identified based on the mean scores of rumination, learning burnout and psychological capital: Class 1 – General group (N=181, 47.76%); Class 2 – Negative psychologically dominated group (N=54, 14.25%); Class 3 – Positive psychologically dominated group (N=65, 17.15%); and Class 4 – Ambivalence psychological group (N=79, 20.84%). Students belonging into Class 1 and 2 displayed a higher rate of exam failure compared with those in Class 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that Class 1 (OR=2.108, 95%CI 1.240-4.118, p=0.006) and Class 2 (OR=2.694, 95%CI 1.229-6.293, p=0.016) independently predicted exam failure among undergraduate nursing students after adjusting for age, gender, grade and other academic related factors.Conclusions: Our findings provide practical implications for effective interventions that target each specific subgroup. Undergraduate nursing students with “Negative psychologically dominated group” were at a higher risk of exam failure. Urgent attention should be paid to address issues associated with psychological coping in students and their effect on learning outcomes.

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