Frailty Status and Transport Disadvantage: Comparison of Older Adults’ Travel Behaviours between Metropolitan, Suburban, and Rural Areas of Japan

This study examined differences in older adults’ travel behaviours by frailty status in metropolitan, suburban, and rural areas of Japan. Data were collected from 9104 older adults (73.5 ± 5.7 years; 51% women; 19% frail) living in metropolitan (n = 5032), suburban (n = 2853), and rural areas (n = 1219) of Japan. Participants reported if they walked, cycled, drove a car, rode a car as a passenger, and used public transportation (PT) once per week or more. A standardised questionnaire was used to assess frailty status. We conducted logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratios of using each travel mode by frailty status stratified by locality. Relative to non-frail participants, frail participants were less likely to walk and drive a car in all three areas. Frail participants had significantly higher odds of being a car passenger in the suburban (OR = 1.73 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.25)) and rural areas (OR = 1.61 (1.10, 2.35)) but not in the metropolitan area (OR = 1.08 (0.87, 1.33)). This study found that frail older adults living in suburban and rural areas tended to rely more on cars driven by someone else, suggesting that transport disadvantage is more pronounced in suburban and rural areas than in metropolitan areas.

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Environmental Characteristics Associated with Older Adults’ Social Participation: The Contribution of Sociodemography and Transportation in Metropolitan, Urban, and Rural Areas

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17228399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 8399

Author(s):

Mélanie Levasseur ◽

Daniel Naud ◽

Jean-François Bruneau ◽

Mélissa Généreux

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Participation ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Local Environment ◽

Environmental Characteristics

Although social participation fosters older adults’ health, little is known about which environmental characteristics are related to greater participation in social activities. The Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 2737), a transportation survey, and multiple secondary data sources were used to identify the environmental characteristics associated with older Quebecers’ social participation according to living area. Greater social participation was associated with: (1) a higher concentration of older adults (IRR = 2.172 (95% CI 1.600, 2.948); p < 0.001), more kilometers traveled by paratransit (IRR = 1.714 (95% CI 1.286, 2.285); p < 0.01), a lack of medical clinics (IRR = 0.730 (95% CI 0.574, 0.930); p = 0.01), and more funded home adaptations (IRR = 1.170 (95% CI 1.036, 1.320); p = 0.01) in large metropolitan areas; (2) larger paratransit fleets (IRR = 1.368 (95% CI 1.044, 1.791); p = 0.02) and a lower density of road intersections (IRR = 0.862 (95% CI 0.756, 0.982); p = 0.03) in regular metropolitan areas; (3) less social deprivation (IRR = 1.162 (95% CI 1.025, 1.318); p = 0.02) in urban areas; and (4) a higher concentration of older populations (IRR = 2.386 (95% CI 1.817, 3.133); p < 0.001) in rural areas. According to these findings, social participation interventions should target the local environment—for example, by providing more social interaction opportunities for older adults living in younger neighborhoods and by improving access to public transportation, especially paratransit.

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The Relative Influence of Proximity to Fast Road Infrastructure, Accessibility, and Deprivation on Crime

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2018/6107498 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Margaret O’Mahony

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

High Speed ◽

Census Data ◽

Relative Influence ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Crime Statistics ◽

Road Infrastructure

Irish rural areas saw an increase in the number of burglaries in the period following the completion of a network of high speed motorway interurban routes. To test the hypothesis that the new fast infrastructure was providing quick exits by urban based criminal gangs, Irish crime statistics along with census data were combined in a logistic regression analysis to assess the relative influence of accessibility, deprivation, population, and proximity to fast road infrastructure on the number of burglaries in areas. It was found that accessibility had a higher influence on crime than area deprivation and that proximity to fast road infrastructure was not significant.

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Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders associated with habits in Puducherry

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. e201684

Author(s):

Swetha Paulose ◽

Vishwanath Rangdhol ◽

Lakshminarayanan Kavya ◽

Govindasamy Ezhumalai

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Betel Quid ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Potentially Malignant ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Tobacco and betel quid are the most common cause of oral cancer in India. Very often oral cancers are preceded by a visible oral precursor lesion called as potentially malignant disorder (PMD). Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral PMDs associated with habits in urban and rural areas of Puducherry Union territory, India. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study in urban and rural areas of Puducherry was conducted. The study group comprised of 450 patients with positive history of oral habits. A standard structured questionnaire was designed to record information about demographic details, socioeconomic status, type, duration and frequency of habits followed by clinical oral examination by single trained and calibrated examiner to detect the presence of PMD. Statistical analysis used: EpiData software (version 3.1). Descriptive statistics were presented for all variables. Pearson’s Chi-Square test and adjusted odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the suspected risk factors for PMD by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of habit associated oral PMD was 64.2%. Females were more prone to develop PMDs (68.3%) as compared to males (62.8%). PMD was more common in the age group of 51-60 years (69.2%). Smoking with alcohol consumption was the most common oral habit. Habits, socio-economic status and diet were significantly associated with development of oral PMDs in our study population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic betel quid chewing and smoking were significant risk factors for PMD. Increased frequency of vegetable consumption reduced the risk of PMD. Conclusions: Oral PMD were observed in more than half of the subjects with oral habits in Puducherry. Clearly, there is an increased risk of PMD with increased duration of tobacco and betel quid use in this region. Patients and public need to be educated regarding PMD and encouraged to quit habits so as to prevent high risk population from developing cancer.

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Association between motoric cognitive risk syndrome and frailty among Chinese older adults

10.21203/rs.2.15390/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shanshan Shen ◽

Xingkun Zeng ◽

Liyu Xu ◽

Lingyan Chen ◽

Zixia Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Cognitive Complaints ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Risk ◽

Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Abstract Background: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a newly proposed pre-dementia syndrome incorporating subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait. Previous studies have shown that subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait are reported to be associated with frailty in cognitively unimpaired older adults, but little is known giving attention to the link between MCR and frailty in older adults. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the associations of MCR and its components and frailty in Chinese older adults. Methods: In an observation cross-sectional study, a total of 429 older adults aged 60 years and older were admitted to the geriatric department. According to MCR criteria, all participants were classified to 4 groups: 1) MCR group; 2) subjective cognitive complaints group; 3) slow gait group; 4) healthy control group. Physical frailty was assessed by Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between MCR and frailty in older adults. Results: The prevalence of subjective cognitive complaints, slow gait and MCR was 15.9%, 10.0% and 4.0%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, the logistic regression analysis showed that slow gait (odds ratio [OR] 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-8.23, P=0.007) and MCR (odds ratio [OR] 5.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-20.89, P=0.012) were independently associated with frailty, but not subjective cognitive complaints. Conclusions: MCR and slow gait were significantly associated with frailty in Chinese older adults. Further study should prospectively determine the causal relationship between MCR and frailty.

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Factors associated with and prevalence of depressive features amongst older adults in an urban city in eastern China

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v23i0.1064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ping Shao ◽

Yong Xu ◽

Chen-Wei Pan

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Eastern China ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Community Based ◽

Urban City

Background: Mental health problems have become serious for older Chinese adults who have lived through the process of urbanisation. This current research aimed to determine the prevalence of and associated factors for depressive features in a community-based sample of older adults in China.Methods: A community-based survey of 4077 adults aged 60 or older was conducted in Suzhou, China. Information including demographic characteristics, health behaviours, social support, disease histories and physical function was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Depressive features were assessed using the self-rating depression scale. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors for depression.Results: The overall prevalence of depressive features in the surveyed population was 47.4% (45.9% in men and 48.5% in women). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the significant variables of depressive features were no fixed occupation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.37), doing non-technical and service work (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.19–0.28) or being a manager and technical personnel (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19–0.32), physical activities (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61–0.82), never taking dietary supplements (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58–0.91), not having hobbies (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.15–1.56), never interacting with neighbours (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.28–2.50), cold relationship with a spouse (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.18–9.45) and limited activities of daily living (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.91–2.69).Conclusion: There is an urgent need for public policy interventions to address depression in elderly people located in Suzhou in China.

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Association between social isolation and depression onset among older adults: a cross-national longitudinal study in England and Japan

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045834 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e045834

Author(s):

Taiji Noguchi ◽

Masashige Saito ◽

Jun Aida ◽

Noriko Cable ◽

Taishi Tsuji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Social Participation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression

ObjectiveSocial isolation is a risk factor for depression in older age. However, little is known regarding whether its impact varies depending on country-specific cultural contexts regarding social relationships. The present study examined the association of social isolation with depression onset among older adults in England, which has taken advanced measures against social isolation, and Japan, a super-aged society with a rapidly increasing number of socially isolated people.DesignProspective longitudinal study.SettingWe used data from two ongoing studies: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES).ParticipantsOlder adults aged ≥65 years without depression at baseline were followed up regarding depression onset for 2 years (2010/2011–2012/2013) for the ELSA and 2.5 years (2010/2011–2013) for the JAGES.Primary outcome measureDepression was assessed with eight items from the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for the ELSA and Geriatric Depression Scale for the JAGES. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate social isolation using multiple parameters (marital status; interaction with children, relatives and friends; and social participation).ResultsThe data of 3331 respondents from the ELSA and 33 127 from the JAGES were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that social isolation was significantly associated with depression onset in both countries. In the ELSA, poor interaction with children was marginally associated with depression onset, while in the JAGES, poor interaction with children and no social participation significantly affected depression onset.ConclusionsDespite variations in cultural background, social isolation was associated with depression onset in both England and Japan. Addressing social isolation to safeguard older adults’ mental health must be globally prioritised.

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Age-Related Disparities in Stroke Knowledge Among Community Older Adults

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.717472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaochuan Liu ◽

Huiwen Gui ◽

Sichen Yao ◽

Zhongcheng Li ◽

Jing Zhao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Bulletin Board ◽

Age Related ◽

Stroke Knowledge

Background: This study aimed to investigate the disparities in stroke knowledge between older adults and the oldest old.Methods: Family physicians conducted a cross-sectional survey through face-to-face interviews with the older and oldest old adults of two suburban communities in the Minhang district, Shanghai between October 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020. All participants were classified as oldest old (age ≥80 years) and older adults (age 60–79 years). Between-group differences in stroke knowledge were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Overall, 466 older adults including 101 (21.67%) oldest old persons were qualified. Older adults were more familiar with the risk factors and symptoms of stroke than the oldest old. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, older adults were more familiar with the following risk factors: smoking [odds ratio (OR) 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16–0.61], alcohol abuse (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23–0.87), dyslipidemia (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.85), and obesity (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17–0.53) than the oldest old. Regarding stroke symptoms, older adults were more aware regarding vision alteration (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.69) and face-drop (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.95) than the oldest old. The oldest old were less aware of acute stroke therapy (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.48) and calling the emergency medical service (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.70) than older adults. Finally, the older adults used television (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28–1.0), WeChat (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.89), and the community bulletin board (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23–0.80) as knowledge sources more than the oldest old.Conclusion: The older adults and the oldest old had significantly high disparities in stroke knowledge. Given the aging population across China, the life expectancy is expected to be longer in future decades. These differences should be addressed in stroke educational campaigns targeting the oldest old.

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Analisis Pemilihan Moda Angkutan Umum atau Pribadi Pekerja Mobilitas Non-Permanen di Sepuluh Wilayah Metropolitan Indonesia

Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning ◽

10.29244/jp2wd.2019.3.2.142-156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 142-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chotib Chotib

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Seasonal Migration ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Metropolitan Regions ◽

Destination Area

There are several types of non-permanent mobility which are generally related to location difference between places of residence and places of work. Non-permanent mobility consists of commuting, circular, and seasonal migration. Commuting is a type of non-permanent mobility where a person works in a different place from his residence, he/she leaves in the morning and returns in the afternoon or evening every day. Circular is a type of non-permanent mobility where a person lives in a workplace (which is different from his place of residence) for less than three months but more than one day. Whereas seasonal migrantion is a type of non-permanent mobility where the person lives in the workplace (destination area) between 3 and 6 months. This study aims to identify the probability of public transportation use by workers, both as movers and stayers, in ten metropolitan regions in Indonesia, namely Mebidang (Medan metropolitan area), Palapa (Padang metropolitan area), Patungraya Agung (Palembang metropolitan area), Jabodetabek (Greater Jakarta), Bandung Raya (Bandung metropolitan area), Kedungsepur (Semarang metropolitan area), Gerbangkertosusila (Surabaya metropolitan area), Sarbagita (Denpasar metropolitan area), Banjar Bakula (Banjarmasin metropolitan area), and Maminasata (Makassar metropolitan area). The results of the analysis with Binary Logistic Regression on the Sakernas 2017 data shows that the probability of using public transportation varies according to individual characteristics, patterns of mobility and varies over Metropolitan Areas.

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Effect of living environment on ear, nose and throat diseases: a cross sectional survey in rural areas of Rohtas district in Bihar

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20181442 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 625

Author(s):

Sujeet Kumar ◽

Ahmad Nadeem Aslami ◽

Tarkeshwar Rai ◽

Bhaskar Alwa

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Living Environment ◽

Internal Environment ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nose And Throat

Background: Ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases are very common in general population. Internal living environment can act an important risk factor for these diseases. In rural areas, patients do not consult ENT experts. So, free health camps can bring treatment facilities at their doorsteps. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern and prevalence of ENT diseases in rural areas of Sasaram, Rohats district, Bihar and to find out the effect of living environment on these diseases.Methods: The study was conducted using camp approach in rural areas of Sasaram, Rohtas, Bihar. ENT and Community Medicine experts, interns along with audiologists, medico social workers, nurses and paramedical staff were voluntarily involved. The patients were screened and referred to ENT experts. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the internal environment factors associated with ENT diseases. Results: Out of 832 patients, 61.9% were suffering from ENT disorders. Most common age group affected was of 31-40 years. 54.8% of patients were suffering from ear diseases while nasal and throat problem was seen in 14.9% and 30.3% respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis of living environment conditions propounds that non-availability of cross ventilation in houses and overcrowding are most important factor influencing ENT diseases.Conclusions: Free health camps conducted by medical experts act as an opportunity to screen people with various diseases of ENT in a community. Bad internal environment can act as a vital determinant for these diseases.

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PREVALENCE OF CHILD MARRIAGE AMONG BANGLADESHI WOMEN AND TREND OF CHANGE OVER TIME

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932015000279 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 530-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Md. Golam Hossain ◽

Rashidul Alam Mahumud ◽

Aik Saw

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Data Sets ◽

First Marriage

SummaryMany Bangladeshi women marry early, and many marry before the legal age of 18 years. This practice has been associated with a higher risk of health and medical morbidities, and also early pregnancy with higher pre- and postnatal complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, and factors associated with, child marriage among Bangladeshi women using multiple binary logistic regression analysis of data from the BDHS-2011. Further analysis on the trend of age at first marriage was performed with additional data sets from previous surveys. The mean and median of ages at first marriage of Bangladeshi women in 2011 were 15.69±2.97 and 15.00 years, respectively. A remarkably high percentage (78.2%) married before the age of 18; of these, 5.5% married at a very early age (before 13 years of age). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that uneducated women were more likely to be married early (p<0.001) than those with secondary and higher education. Child marriage was especially pronounced among women with uneducated husbands, Muslims, those with poor economic backgrounds and those living in rural areas. Further analysis including data from previous BDHS surveys showed that child marriage among Bangladeshi women had a decreasing trend from 1993–94 to 2011. These results show that child marriage was very common in Bangladesh, and closely associated with low level of education and low economic status. The decreasing trend in child marriage indicates an improvement over the past two decades but more effort is needed to further reduce and eventually eliminate the practice.

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