scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Infections and Associated Factors in Southeast Spain: A Retrospective Study from 2000 to 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7449
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Pérez-Morente ◽  
María Gázquez-López ◽  
María Adelaida Álvarez-Serrano ◽  
Encarnación Martínez-García ◽  
Pedro Femia-Marzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Forward Stepwise ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization estimates that more than one million people acquire a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) every day, compromising quality of life, sexual and reproductive health, and the health of newborns and children. It is an objective of this study to identify the factors related to a Sexually Transmitted Infection diagnosis in the province of Granada (Spain), as well as those better predicting the risk of acquiring such infections. In this study, 678 cases were analyzed on a retrospective basis, which were treated at the Centre for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation in Granada, between 2000–2014. Descriptive statistics were applied, and by means of binary logistic regression, employing the forward stepwise-likelihood ratio, a predictive model was estimated for the risk of acquiring an STI. Sex, age, occupation, economic crisis period, drug use, number of days in which no condoms were used, number of sexual partners in the last month and in the last year, and number of subsequent visits and new subsequent episodes were associated with an STI diagnosis (p < 0.05). The risk of being diagnosed with an STI increased during the economic crisis period (OR: 1.88; 95%-CI: 1.28–2.76); during the economic crisis and if they were women (OR:2.35, 95%- CI: 1.24–4.44); and if they were women and immigrants (OR: 2.09; 95%- CI:1.22–3.57), while it decreased with age (OR: 0.97, 95%-CI: 0.95–0.98). Identification of the group comprised of immigrant women as an especially vulnerable group regarding the acquisition of an STI in our province reflects the need to incorporate the gender perspective into preventive strategies and STI primary health care.

scholarly journals Preparations for implementing human papillomavirus vaccination should begin

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lehtinen
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
Health Organization

At a World Health Organization meeting, the latest developments in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination were discussed. The leading theme that emerged was how to implement within national programmes the concept of vaccinating adolescents both against a common sexually transmitted infection

scholarly journals Time-kill curve analysis and pharmacodynamic functions for in vitro evaluation of antimicrobials againstNeisseria gonorrhoeae

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunniva Foerster ◽  
Magnus Unemo ◽  
Lucy J Hathaway ◽  
Nicola Low ◽  
Christian L Althaus
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Dosing Strategies ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Time Kill

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Gram-negative bacteriumNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Resistance to first-line empirical monotherapy has emerged, so robust methods are needed to appropriately evaluate the activity of existing and novel antimicrobials against the bacterium. Pharmacodynamic functions, which describe the relationship between the concentration of antimicrobials and the bacterial net growth rate, provide more detailed information than the MIC only. In this study, a novel standardized in vitro time-kill curve assay was developed. The assay was validated using five World Health OrganizationN. gonorrhoeaereference strains and various concentrations of ciprofloxacin, and then the activity of nine antimicrobials with different target mechanisms were examined against a highly susceptible clinical wild type isolate (cultured in 1964). From the time-kill curves, the bacterial net growth rates at each antimicrobial concentration were estimated. Finally, a pharmacodynamic function was fitted to the data, resulting in four parameters that describe the pharmacodynamic properties of each antimicrobial. Ciprofloxacin resistance determinants shifted the pharmacodynamic MIC (zMIC) and attenuated the bactericidal effect at antimicrobial concentrations above the zMIC. Ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin and gentamicin had the strongest bactericidal effect during the first six hours of the assay. Only tetracycline and chloramphenicol showed a purely bacteriostatic effect. The pharmacodynamic functions differed between antimicrobials, showing that the effect of the drugs at concentrations below and above the MIC vary widely. In conclusion,N. gonorrhoeaetime-kill curve experiments analyzed with pharmacodynamic functions have potential for in vitro evaluation of new and existing antimicrobials and dosing strategies to treat gonorrhea.

scholarly journals Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections in an HIV-Positive Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Nava-Memije ◽  
Cecilia Hernández-Cortez ◽  
Verónica Ruiz-González ◽  
Claudia A. Saldaña-Juárez ◽  
Yazmín Medina-Islas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Prospective Study

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) suggest that sexually transmitted infection (STI) surveillance should include other genital infections and not only human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To monitor the concomitance of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and STIs in HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and HIV-seronegative (HIV–) patients, a prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 349 volunteers at a clinic specializing in treating STIs in Mexico City. Microbiological and molecular methods were used to detect STIs and dysbiosis in HIV+ and HIV– individuals. The prevalence of infection was higher in HIV+ (69.28%) than in HIV– (54.87%) individuals. BV was the most frequent infection in HIV+ individuals, and polymicrobial infections were 3 times more common in HIV+ individuals than in HIV– individuals (31.48 vs. 10.98%). Behaviors documented in a self-administered questionnaire included low condom use frequency in HIV+ individuals co-infected with BV or a STI. This finding highlights the importance of surveillance using routine microbiological evaluations for the correct management of genital infections in HIV+ patients because in the presence of HIV, the clinical presentations, courses, and therapeutic responses of some STIs can differ from those in patients without HIV infection.

scholarly journals 421. Return of Results in Sexually Transmitted Infection Research: The Ethics of Notification and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S212-S212
Author(s):  
Joshua C Grubbs ◽  
Cornelis Rietmeijer ◽  
Joseph Millum ◽  
Peter H Kilmarx
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Return Of Results ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background In prevalence studies of sexually transmitted infections (STI), investigators often provide syndromic management for symptomatic participants, but may provide no specific treatment for asymptomatic individuals with positive test results due to the delays between sample collection and processing. It is unknown how frequently positive test results are returned to participants so that they know to seek treatment. The potential outcome, untreated study participants with documented infection, is concerning given the history of ethical lapses in STI research and the vulnerability of many STI study populations. Methods To characterize the extent of this issue, 82 prevalence studies from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance, 2018, were reviewed to determine whether return of test results were reported. Studies were classified as either results returned, unspecified, or other. Publications were coded by country income in accordance with World Bank designations based on the study population’s location(s). Results Nearly half (45%) of the cited studies did not specify if participants were notified of their STI test results. Most study populations (78%) were in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) while 20% were in high-income countries (HIC). The remaining 2% of studies screened populations in both LMIC and HIC. Return of results was similar across income groups. Half of papers (50%) in HIC clearly indicated the return of results, whereas 44% were unspecified and one publication (6%) indicated results were not returned due to an unlinked-anonymized testing protocol (other). Results were returned in 53% of studies conducted in LMIC and not specified in 47%. Conclusion A substantial proportion of STI prevalence studies cited in a 2018 WHO report did not specify if participants received their test results. Institutional approval and informed consent are critical, but insufficient for ethical research. Clinically relevant results should be returned to study participants and treating clinicians to ensure appropriate management of identified infections, if not treated during research. This is especially important in STI research in vulnerable populations. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Genital Chlamydia Trachomatis among Pregnant Women in a Northwestern Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi'at Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Adebiyi Gbadebo Adesiyun ◽  
Shafaatu Ismail Sada ◽  
Shamsudin Aliyu ◽  
Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Abstract Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is now being considered as an “obstetric pathogen” due to its potential in causing adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Consequent to being the commonest bacterial sexually transmitted infection, screening is recommended at the initial visit of antenatal care, but few countries have routine pregnancy screening and treatment programs. Prevalence assessment is a core component of the World Health Organisation sexually transmitted infection -surveillance programming which enables a country to monitor trends of this infection, for appropriate implementation of preventive measures. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Ct infection among pregnant women, and to describe sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive profile of seropositive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Methods: Socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were sought from 90 pregnant women using a proforma. Their sera were assayed for the presence of Ct immunoglobulin G (IgG) using ELISA. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21. Categorical variables were represented using frequency and percentages while associations between categorical variables were determined using Fisher’s exact test with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Prevalence of Ct infection was found to be 3.3% (3/90). The mean age of infected women was 34.3 ± 4.6 years. All seropositive women were gainfully employed and had tertiary education. Mean parity was 3, the majority (2/3,66.7%) had no previous miscarriage and none had a history of prior stillbirth.Conclusion: The prevalence of Ct in this study is low compared to the pooled prevalence for the West African sub-region. A broader community-based study using a nucleic acid amplification technique is suggested.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Kedokteran UNS Tahun Angkatan 2018 Mengenai Gonore dan Pencegahannya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiva Odelia
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Health Organization

Sexually transmitted infection (STIs) is infections that transmitted from one individual to another commonly by sexual activities. STIs can also be referred as STDs (Sexual transmitted diseases). In present-day, STIs cause of mortality around the world especially in developed country. There are more than 30 different agents that can be transmitted and cause STIs. One of the most famous STIs that cause by bacteria, is gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is caused by infection of Neisseria gonorrhea by sexual activity and is currently become one of three primary focus infections that require immediate action according to World Health Organization. It can be occured in both men and women even though there is different rate of visibility in the two sexes. In women, gonorrhea often happens to be asymptomatic. Teenager is the group of people who is most susceptible in the spread of STI.

scholarly journals A Unique Sequence Is Essential for Efficient Multidrug Efflux Function of the MtrD Protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Chitsaz ◽  
Vrinda Gupta ◽  
Benjamin Harris ◽  
Megan L. O’Mara ◽  
Melissa H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Health Organization

The historical sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea continues to be a major public health concern with an estimated global annual incidence of 86.9 million cases. N. gonorrhoeae has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the 12 antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species that poses the greatest risk to human health. As the major efflux pump in gonococci, the MtrD transporter contributes to the cell envelope barrier in this organism and pumps antimicrobials from the periplasm and inner membrane, resulting in resistance.

Papillomavirus infection and reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Krasnopolsky ◽  
Nina V. Zarochentseva ◽  
Ksenia V. Krasnopolskaya ◽  
Yulia N. Bashankaeva ◽  
Varvara S. Kuzmicheva
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of the review a synthesis of research data on the role of human papillomavirus infection in the reproductive health of women and men. Key Points. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, HPV is the main cause of the development of HPV-associated diseases among both women and men. Viruses are subdivided into HPV with low carcinogenic risk, which cause benign warts, and HPV with high carcinogenic risk, which cause cancer. Different types of human papillomaviruses depending on their characteristic tropism, are divided into skin and mucous types. Viral infection in men leads to a decrease in the quality of sperm (for example, asthenozoospermia) due to apoptosis in sperm cells and due to the development of antisperm immunity. A negative viral effect on the fertility of women is manifested in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages and a premature rupture of the amniotic membranes during pregnancy. There is evidence that HPV decreases the number of trophoblastic cells and abnormal trophoblastic-endometrial adhesion is also observed. In trophoblastic cells transfected with high-risk HPV, the level of apoptosis increases. HPV vaccination is safe, and the results show not only protection against HPV-associated diseases in women and men, but also a reduction of gestational complications, reduced preterm birth rates and the protection of newborns from infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document