scholarly journals Toddlers’ Language Development: The Gradual Effect of Gestational Age, Attention Capacities, and Maternal Sensitivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7926
Author(s):  
Vera E. Snijders ◽  
Lilly Bogicevic ◽  
Marjolein Verhoeven ◽  
Anneloes L. van Baar
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Moderately Preterm ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Language development in toddlerhood forms the foundation for speech and language comprehension throughout childhood. Children born moderately preterm are at increased risk for problems in receptive and expressive language functioning, and they may need specific support or interventions. To understand the underlying mechanisms of language development, an integrated model of gestational age, attention capacities, and maternal sensitivity was examined in relation to receptive and expressive language functioning in toddlerhood. Our sample included 221 children (gestational age between 32–41 + 6 weeks; 54.7% born moderately preterm; 51.6% boys; 69.1% highly educated mothers). At 18 months (corrected age), attention capacities were measured using an eye-tracking procedure and maternal sensitivity was observed during mother-child interaction. Language was assessed at 24 months (corrected age). Results showed children with a higher gestational age scored higher on receptive language. This association was direct, as well as indirect through the child’s alerting attention. Expressive language was related to maternal sensitivity. Gestational age and alerting attention capacities specifically were related to language comprehension, whereas maternal sensitivity was related to speech. As language comprehension and speech in toddlerhood show different associations with biological, child, contextual, and regulation factors, they should be viewed as separate constructs in research and practice.

scholarly journals Clinical assessment of language development in children at age 3 years that were born preterm

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 926-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rizzotto Schirmer ◽  
Mirna Wetters Portuguez ◽  
Magda Lahorgue Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of gestational age and birth weight on language development and neurodevelopmental outcome at age 3 years in children born preterm. METHOD: Cross sectional study including 69 children followed in our developmental outpatient clinic. Patients were consecutively included at the time of the 3 years of age appointment and stratified for birth weight (<1500 grams and between 1500-2500 grams). All patients were assessed for receptive and expressive language , Denver II and Bayley II tests and clinical neurological examination. For analysis patients were divided in two groups normal language acquisition (NLA) and delay in language acquisition (DLA). RESULTS: NLA children had higher scores on mental and psychomotor (p=<0.01, p=0.012) indexes of Bayley II. Newborns with less than 1500 grams had lower scores on all Bayley scale at age 36 months (p=0.002, p=0.007 and p<0.001). Multivariate analysis suggests an association between gestational age (p=0.032), abnormal behavior (p<0.001) and delay in language acquisition. Denver test at 12 and 24 months of age was a good predictor of delayed receptive and expressive language at three years of age (p=<0.01 and p=<0.01). CONCLUSION: Children born prematurely with low birth weight had an increased risk of language acquisition delay, and those had also lower cognitive and behavior scores when compared to NLA.

The Concurrent Validity of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory as a Measure of Young Children's Language Development

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruce Tomblin ◽  
Cynthia M. Shonrock ◽  
James C. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Language Measure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Child Development Inventory ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

The extent to which the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (MCDI), could be used to estimate levels of language development in 2-year-old children was examined. Fifty-seven children between 23 and 28 months were given the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD), and at the same time a parent completed the MCDI. In addition the mean length of utterance (MLU) was obtained for each child from a spontaneous speech sample. The MCDI Expressive Language scale was found to be a strong predictor of both the SICD Expressive scale and MLU. The MCDI Comprehension-Conceptual scale, presumably a receptive language measure, was moderately correlated with the SICD Receptive scale; however, it was also strongly correlated with the expressive measures. These results demonstrated that the Expressive Language scale of the MCDI was a valid predictor of expressive language for 2-year-old children. The MCDI Comprehension-Conceptual scale appeared to assess both receptive and expressive language, thus complicating its interpretation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of neurodevelopment of preterm infants using Bayley III scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Veiga de Góes ◽  
Maria Dalva B. B. Méio ◽  
Rosane Reis de Mello ◽  
Denise Morsch
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: to assess cognitive, motor, and language development in preterm infants, and perinatal, neonatal and socioeconomic factors associated with abnormal development. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 104 preterm infants (gestational ages < 33 weeks) (17 - 30 months corrected ages) using the Bayley III Scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed and prevalence ratios calculated. Results: the average language score (81.9) was low, while cognitive (93.7) and motor (91.1) scores were within normal values. There were deficiencies in receptive but not in expressive language. Male sex (OR 2.55 CI 1.01-6.44) and neonatal pneumonia (OR 33.85 CI 3.3-337.8) were associated with abnormal language scores. No factor was associated with abnormal cognitive scores; male gender indicated an increased risk of abnormal motor scores. The lack of a father was a risk factor for impaired motor development (PR: 2.96, CI: 5.6 - 1.55). There was no statistically significant difference in the development of small and appropriate for gestational age children. Conclusions: the Bayley III Scale was useful for assessing language and cognition separately, discriminating between receptive and expressive language. There was a high frequency of language deficiencies, especially in receptive language. Although motor and cognitive average scores were within the normal range, there was a high frequency of children with delayed development in these areas, especially motor development.

The Relationship Between Motor Delays and Language Development in Very Low Birthweight Premature Children at 18 Months Corrected Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Ross ◽  
Rebecca Demaria ◽  
Vivien Yap
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
Premature Children ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Expressive Language Development

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine if there is a specific association between motor delays and receptive and expressive language function, respectively, in prematurely born children. Method Retrospective data review: 126 premature children ≤ 1,250-g birthweight from English-speaking families were evaluated on motor development (normal, mild delay, and moderate–severe delay) and the cognitive and language scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley, 2006) at 18 months corrected age. Cognitive scores were categorized as normal, suspect, and abnormal. Gender, demographic, and perinatal variables were recorded and analyzed with respect to motor category. Results Lower birthweight, chronic need for oxygen, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and intestinal infection/inflammation were related to poorer motor development. On receptive language, the normal motor group attained significantly higher scores than the moderate–severe motor group but did not differ significantly from the mild delay motor group. On expressive language, the normal motor group had significantly higher scores than both the mild and moderate–severe groups. Girls performed better than boys on receptive and expressive language, but there was no significant interaction between gender and motor category on any of the Bayley scores. Cognitive, but not motor, category significantly contributed to variance of receptive language scores; cognitive and motor category each independently contributed to the variance in expressive language. Conclusion Findings suggest that motor control areas of the brain may be implicated in expressive language development of premature children. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors for the association between motor and expressive language function.

Speech and Language Development in 41 Children with Sex Chromosome Anomalies

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Bruce Bender ◽  
Elizabeth Fry ◽  
Bruce Pennington ◽  
Mary Puck ◽  
James Salbenblatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Chromosome Anomalies ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Production Problems

Forty-one children with sex chromosome anomalies identified from the chromosome screening of a newborn population were blindly evaluated by a speech-language pathologist, along with a control group of 31 siblings. 47,XXX girls and 47,XXY boys were found to have increased problems in auditory perception, receptive language, and expressive language; the problems of the 47,XXY boys were less severe than those of the 47,XXX group, and reflected specific deficits in their ability to process linguistic information rather than a deficit in comprehension. An increased occurrence of speech production problems among the 45,X girls was associated with the presence of oral/structural malformations that often had no measurable effect on their production of speech sounds. Although the 45,X girls and 47,XYY boys had no significant increase of problems in auditory reception, receptive language, and expressive language, the trend of the data suggested more difficulty than in the control groups. The mosaic children were not different from the control subjects. Some children in all groups were found to have normal speech and language development.

scholarly journals Language Skills of Young Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate following Infant Orthopedics: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy M. Konst ◽  
Toni Rietveld ◽  
Herman F. M. Peters ◽  
Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Infant Orthopedics

Objective To investigate the effects of infant orthopedics (IO) on the language skills of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design In a prospective randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft), two groups of children with complete UCLP were followed up longitudinally: one group was treated with IO based on a modified Zurich approach in the first year of life (IO group); the other group did not receive this treatment (non-IO group). At the ages of 2, 2½, 3, and 6 years, language development was evaluated in 12 children (six IO and six non-IO). Receptive language skills were assessed using the Reynell test. Expressive language skills of the toddlers were evaluated by calculating mean length of utterance (MLU) and mean length of longest utterances (MLLU); in the 6-year-olds, the expressive language skills were measured using standardized Dutch language tests. Patients The participants had complete UCLP without soft tissue bands or other malformations. Results IO did not affect the receptive language skills. However, the expressive language measures MLU and MLLU were influenced by IO. At age 2½ and 3 years, the IO group produced longer utterances than the non-IO group. In the follow-up, the difference in expressive language between the two groups was no longer significant. Conclusions Children treated with IO during their first year of life produced longer sentences than non-IO children at the ages of 2½ and 3 years. At 6 years of age, both groups presented similar expressive language skills. Hence, IO treatment did not have long-lasting effects on language development.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Functional Speech Sound Disorders in Korean Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Min Jeong Han ◽  
Sun Jun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Neuromuscular Abnormalities ◽  
Expressive Language Development

Purpose: A speech sound disorder (SSD) is defined as the presence of a problem with articulation and phonological processes in a child. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of Korean patients with functional SSDs without any neuromuscular abnormalities. Methods: The medical records of patients aged 36 to 72 months old who were diagnosed with SSDs were retrospectively reviewed. SSD patients who scored less than 85 in the U-Tap test were divided into two groups according to their receptive language scores on the PRES/SELSI. Results: Sixty-seven percent of patients with language impairment (LI) who were diagnosed with an SSD initially visited the hospital for a delay in language development (n=18, 66.7%). Among children with only an SSD, 26.7% (n=8) of the patients recognized it as a language developmental problem. All SSD patients had substitution errors in the onset of initial syllables (SSD, SSD+LI: 100%; typical development [TD]: 37.5%). Of particular note, SSD children with LI had more omission errors (55.6%) than patients with SSD only (16.7%). SSD patients had higher error rates than TD children in all consonants except for the glottal element (P<0.01). The lower the U-Tap score of SSD patients, the lower their expressive language score (P<0.001). Conclusion: A high percentage of children with SSD initially visited the hospital for the treatment of language development delays. Articulation tests are essential for children who suffer from language delay. Furthermore, since incorrect articulation can lead to delays in expressive language development, early interventions should be considered.

Enhancement of Language Comprehension in Developmentally Delayed Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph O. Coleman ◽  
Daryl E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Problem ◽  
Verbal Stimulation ◽  
Language Areas

This article describes the use of receptive language tasks presented in a cognitive, problem-solving context as a method for enhancing language comprehension in developmentally delayed children. Over a two-year period 16 language-impaired and developmentally delayed children were provided eight weeks of concentrated instruction in five language areas: nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, and syntax. Instruction consisted of systematic verbal stimulation with no overt attempts to elicit expressive language. Instead, tasks were structured to elicit motor behaviors. Results of the project indicate a marked increase in the number of stimuli to which the children could provide appropriate responses at the end of the eight-week instructional period. These gains also were maintained three months after termination of instruction.

Language development in Iranian children with epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Nemati ◽  
Maryam Jalalipour ◽  
Shadi Niliyeh ◽  
Behjat Maneshian
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expressive Language Development ◽  
Generalized Type

Background: Epilepsy is the most common pediatric neurologic disease accompanying with psychosocial delays causing a child’s isolation from the society. Developmental language delays are among the most common complaints of children with epilepsy. In the current study, verbal skills and expressive and receptive language development have been assessed in patients with epilepsy and compared with age-matched normal group. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 78 2-5-year-old children with epilepsy and 78 age-matched normal children referred to the outpatient clinic of Imam Reza affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, in 2017-2018. Demographic information of cases (age, age of onset, type of seizure, and number of consumed remedies) and controls was gathered. In order to assess study population’s verbal, receptive, and expressive language development, Newsha growth measurement test, a validated Persian version of verbal language development questionnaire, was utilized. Results: Comparison of children with epilepsy with normal controls showed a significant difference in spoken, expressive, and receptive language development between children with epilepsy and normal peers (P < 0.05). Spoken and receptive language developments were significantly in association with earlier age of onset, higher number of remedies received for seizure control, generalized type of seizures, and lacking of seizure control (P < 0.05). Expressive language development showed no association with type and control of seizures (P > 0.05) but had significant association with age of onset of epilepsy and number of remedies (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Assessment of verbal language development aspects among children with epilepsy showed a higher rate of delay among these children as compared with normal age-matched ones. Moreover, earlier age of onset, generalized type of seizures, higher number of consumed remedies, and poor seizure control were accompanied with higher and more severe speech and language delay.

scholarly journals Preschool Language Outcomes following Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Age of Therapeutic Hypothermia

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Chin ◽  
Srishti Jayakumar ◽  
Ezequiel Ramos ◽  
Gwendolyn Gerner ◽  
Bruno P. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Language Deficits ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Early studies following perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) suggested expressive language deficits and academic difficulties, but there is only limited detailed study of language development in this population since the widespread adoption of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Expressive and receptive language testing was performed as part of a larger battery with 45 children with a mean age of 26 months following perinatal HIE treated with TH. Overall cohort outcomes as well as the effects of gender, estimated household income, initial pH and base excess, and pattern of injury on neonatal brain MRI were assessed. The cohort overall demonstrated expressive language subscore, visual-reception subscore, and early learning composite scores significantly below test norms, with relative sparing of receptive language subscores. Poorer expressive language manifested as decreased vocabulary size and shorter utterances. Expressive language subscores showed a significant gender effect, and estimated socioeconomic status showed a significant effect on both receptive and expressive language subscores. Initial blood gas markers and modified Sarnat scoring did not show a significant effect on language subscores. Binarized MRI abnormality predicted a significant effect on both receptive and expressive language subscores; the presence of specific cortical/subcortical abnormalities predicted receptive language deficits. Overall, the language development profile of children following HIE in the era of hypothermia shows a relative strength in receptive language. Gender and socioeconomic status predominantly predict expressive language deficits; abnormalities detectable on MRI predominantly predict receptive language deficits.

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