Evaluation of neurodevelopment of preterm infants using Bayley III scale

Objectives: to assess cognitive, motor, and language development in preterm infants, and perinatal, neonatal and socioeconomic factors associated with abnormal development. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 104 preterm infants (gestational ages < 33 weeks) (17 - 30 months corrected ages) using the Bayley III Scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed and prevalence ratios calculated. Results: the average language score (81.9) was low, while cognitive (93.7) and motor (91.1) scores were within normal values. There were deficiencies in receptive but not in expressive language. Male sex (OR 2.55 CI 1.01-6.44) and neonatal pneumonia (OR 33.85 CI 3.3-337.8) were associated with abnormal language scores. No factor was associated with abnormal cognitive scores; male gender indicated an increased risk of abnormal motor scores. The lack of a father was a risk factor for impaired motor development (PR: 2.96, CI: 5.6 - 1.55). There was no statistically significant difference in the development of small and appropriate for gestational age children. Conclusions: the Bayley III Scale was useful for assessing language and cognition separately, discriminating between receptive and expressive language. There was a high frequency of language deficiencies, especially in receptive language. Although motor and cognitive average scores were within the normal range, there was a high frequency of children with delayed development in these areas, especially motor development.

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Measuring language development in pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and non-PDD children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi49.5.2009.292-8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Molly D. Oktarina ◽

Hardiono D. Pusponegoro ◽

Zakiudin Munasir

Keyword(s):

Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Language Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Significant Difference

Background Impairments in language and related socialcommunication skills can be found in children with pervasivedevelopmental disorders (POD) and other developmentallanguage disorders (non-POD). These conditions lead to decisionof enrolling children with language disorders to speech therapydespite that it is not the therapy of choice for POD.Objectives To explore the differences in receptive language, verbal expressive language, and non-verbal expressive language between PDD and non-POD childrenMethods A cross sectional study was performed in October2008 to January 2009. Questionnaire using the MacArthurcommunicative development inventory (CDI) was filled byparents whose children were PDD and non-PDD patients aged 1to 3 years old. The diagnosis ofPDD was based on the diagnosticand statistical manual IV.Results A total of 42 PDD and 42 non-POD subjects wereevaluated. There was significant difference between PDD and nonPOD in receptive language [P= 0.01 (95% CI -170.63 to -24.33)in 12 to 24 month-old subjects and P< 0.01 (95% CI -158.28to -92.99) in > 24 to 36 month-old subjects] and non-verbalexpressive language [P= 0.01 (95% CI -20.96 to -1.96) in 12 to24 month-old subjects and P< 0.01 (95% CI -22.65 to -10.5) in> 24 to 36 month-old subjects]. Verbal expressive language wasnot significantly different between POD and non-POD childrenage 1 to 3 year-old.Conclusions PDD children are more likely to have a delay inreceptive language and non-verbal expressive language compare to non-POD children. Verbal expressive language can not be used to differentiate POD and non-POD children.

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P20 Parental understanding of concussion in youth rugby is significantly improved by viewing the RFU concussion education video

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.97 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. e31.1-e31

Author(s):

T Samuel ◽

K Aquilina ◽

W Dawes

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Educational Video ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental Experience ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Composite Scores

ObjectivesTo investigate the current understanding parents have of concussion in their rugby-playing children aged 9–17.DesignCross-sectional studySubjects86 parents from four clubs completed an online questionnaireMethodsAreas covered (1) Parental experience of concussion (2) Rate of viewing of the RFU concussion educational video (RFUCEV), (3) Identification of symptoms of concussion (4) Understanding of the risk of concussion. Each participant was given a composite score, out of 19, based on their performance in symptom identification and true/false questions. Independent-sample two-tailed t-tests were conducted to analyse scores, primarily controlling for viewing of the RFUCEVResultsThere was a significant difference in the scores between the group that had viewed the RFUCEV (n=32, M=14.75, SD=2.55) and those who had not (n=54, M=13.05, SD=2.87); t(84)=2.75, p=0.00721. Additionally, over 25% of parents reported that their child had suffered a concussion, and this was also found to significantly improve the awareness score (p=0.04678)ConclusionsStatistically significant improvement in composite scores after viewing the RFUCEV makes it reasonable to require compulsory parental education prior to signing up a child to play rugby. This would build on the protocol changes made by the RFU in 2014 and further progress the safety of the sport. We suggest the video be improved to emphasise the areas highlighted as inadequately understood, including the increased risk of concussion in under-18s compared to adults.

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Motor development in non-microcephalic infants born to mothers with Zika Virus infection during pregnancy

Fisioterapia e Pesquisa ◽

10.1590/1809-2950/19015227022020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 174-179

Author(s):

Laís Rodrigues Gerzson ◽

Carla Skilhan de Almeida ◽

Juliana Herrero da Silva ◽

Lavinia Schüler-Faccini

Keyword(s):

Motor Development ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Z Scores ◽

And Control ◽

Normal Head

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study sought to evaluate motor development in infants exposed to ZIKV born with normal head circumference (HC). Thirty one children, distributed into two groups, participated in the study: 15 whose mothers were infected by ZIKV during pregnancy, born with HC from −1.9 to +2 Z-scores, adjusted for sex and gestational age (exposed group); and 16 randomly selected infants without known prenatal exposure to ZIKV, paired by sex and age (control group). Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used to evaluate gross motor development. We found no significant difference between the exposed and control groups. However, considering that AIMS is a screening test that assesses only the gross motor development and the small size of our sample, infants exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy should be continuously evaluated for different aspects of their development.

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Schoolbodys in urban industrial environments: are they at increased risk of bronchial asthma?

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/1999.5.4.657 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 657-663

Author(s):

A. Al Shairi ◽

K. Al Dawood

Keyword(s):

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Industrial City ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Industrial Environments

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the prevalence of bronchial asthma among Saudi schoolboys in Yanbu Industrial City and in two non-industrial villages. In 1993, questionnaires were distributed to 375 schoolboys for completion by their parents. The prevalence of questionnaire-diagnosed asthma in Yanbu Industrial City, and in the villages of Al-Furash and Al-Gafure, was 12.6%, 4.3% and 16% respectively. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma in the three areas was 13.9%, 2.2% and 13.7% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two methods of diagnosis

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Perbedaan arus puncak ekspirasi antara anak asma dengan obesitas dan anak asma tanpa obesitas

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.18839 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Nurul Hadi ◽

Madarina Julia ◽

Roni Naning

Keyword(s):

Peak Flow ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Growth Chart ◽

Z Score ◽

Flow Meter ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Obesity in children is associated with impairment of pulmonary function and increased risk of asthma. Obesity in asthmatic children may reduce lung function, that can be assessed by peak flow meter, a practical and an inexpensive tool.Objectives: To compare the peak expiratory flow (PEF) between obese and non-obese asthmatic children.Method: We conducted a cross sectional study in Yogyakarta during March 2010-September 2012. Fifty obese asthmatic patients and 50 non obese asthmatic control subjects participated in this study. Inclusion criteria were asthmatic patient, according to Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak (PNAA), and 6-18 years of age. Exclusion criteria were asthmatic attack, respiratory disease, heart disease and congenital chest malformation. Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) for age more than +3 SD WHO growth chart standards BMI for age 2007 z-score. Z-score is calculated with WHO AnthroPlus for Personal Computers. Data PEF is taken with electrical peak flow meter when the patient was not suffering from asthma attack. Normal PEF was defined as PEF ≥80% average (predicted) value for height.Results: The mean of age of asthmatic children in this study was 9.38 years and 9.50 years for non obese and obese respectively. The PFR was not different between obese asthmatic children and non obese asthmatic children (p=0,83). Pearson correlation of PFR and z-score BMI for age was positive weak correlation (r=0.12). There was significant difference of PFR between z-score BMI for age <3,20 and z-score BMI for age ≥3.20 (p=0.03). Significant difference of PFR also appears in duration of illness (p<0.001).Conclusion: There is no PFR difference between obese asthmatic children and non-obese asthmatic children. The difference of PFR emerges when statistic analysis performed using z-score BMI ≥3.20.

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A Cross-Sectional Study on Balance Deficits and Gait Deviations in COPD Patients

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2021/6675088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Priyanka Jirange ◽

K. Vaishali ◽

Mukesh Kumar Sinha ◽

Kalyana Chakravarthy Bairapareddy ◽

Gopala Krishna Alaparthi

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Balance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Balance Deficits ◽

Fear Of Falls

Background. The gait abnormalities were linked to the balance deficits in the previous studies. However, the deviations in the gait parameters in COPD are currently not known. The study aims to compare gait parameters, static and dynamic balance, and risk of falls in COPD with those in non-COPD individuals. Method. Fourty-two patients with COPD aged 45 years and gender-matched control subjects were included in the study. Gait parameters were assessed by Win-Track gait analyzer, the static balance was assessed by posturography, and the dynamic balance was assessed by the time up and go test. The fear of falls was assessed by Falls Efficacy Scale. Results. COPD individuals had decreased static and dynamic balance as assessed by posturography ( p < 0.05 ) and TUG ( p < 0.01 ), respectively. A significant difference in swing duration ( p = 0.004 ) and also increased risk of falls ( p < 0.01 ) was observed in COPD patients as compared to non-COPD individuals. Conclusion. COPD individuals have increased swing duration, reduced static and dynamic balance, and increased fear of falls as compared to non-COPD individuals.

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Seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody in healthcare workers: a multicentre cross-sectional study in 10 Colombian cities

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2021-107487 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. oemed-2021-107487

Author(s):

Jeadran Nevardo Malagón-Rojas ◽

Marcela Mercado-Reyes ◽

Yezith G Toloza-Pérez ◽

Eliana L Parra Barrera ◽

Marien Palma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Strong Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Automated Immunoassay

BackgroundHealthcare workers are at increased risk of infection due to occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in Colombia.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study focused on estimating the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers from 65 hospitals in 10 cities in Colombia during the second semester of 2020. The seroprevalence was determined using an automated immunoassay (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG). The study included a survey to establish the sociodemographic variables and the risk of infection. A multivariate model was used to evaluate the association between the results of seroprevalence and risk factors.ResultsThe global seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 35% (95% Bayesian CI 33% to 37%). All the personnel reported the use of protective equipment. General services personnel and nurses presented the highest ratios of seroprevalence among the healthcare workers. Low socioeconomic strata have shown a strong association with seropositivity.ConclusionThis study estimates the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Even though all the personnel reported the use of protective equipment, the seroprevalence in the general services personnel and nurses was high. Also, a significant difference by cities was observed.

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A Cross-Sectional Study ofStaphylococcus AureusColonization and the Nasal and Oropharyngeal Microbiomes

10.1101/145540 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashley E. Kates ◽

Mark Dalman ◽

James C. Torner ◽

Tara C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Colonization Status ◽

V3 Region

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureusis a frequent cause of both infections globally. Colonization with the organism is known to increase the risk of developing infections and occurs in roughly one third of the general population. While many factors influence colonization, it has been demonstrated other members of the microbiome influence colonization withS. aureus. Here, we assessed the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiomes of healthy participants in relation toS. aureuscolonization in a cross-sectional study using 16s rRNA sequencing of the v1-v3 region. As livestock workers have also been shown to be at an increased risk of carriage, we have also assessed microbiota differences in colonization status in a population of livestock workers.ResultsIn both the nares and oropharynx, there were no microbiota differentially abundant between colonized and non-colonized persons. However, there was a significant difference in the beta diversity (Bray-Curtis distances) between carriers and non-carriers (P=0.002). When considering carriage stratified by livestock exposure, there were a number of differences. Most notably, colonized livestock workers had significantly morePorphyomonas(2-fold change = -8.54,P= 0.03) than the non-colonized livestock workers.ConclusionsS. aureusis a frequent colonizer of the human upper respiratory tract, including the nares and oropharynx and causes a wide range of infections. Livestock workers are at increased risk for carriage. Interventions such as improving oral hygiene may lead to decreasedS. aureuscarriage by reducing other bacterial species such asPorphyomonas. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to better explore what microorganisms may be associated withS. aureuscolonization.

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Home-delivered Meal-Participants may be at Greater Risk of Malnutrition Without the Meal Program

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021004274 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Fayrouz A. Sakr-Ashour ◽

Edwina Wambogo ◽

Hee-Jung Song ◽

Nadine R. Sahyoun

Keyword(s):

Daily Intake ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Total Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Older Americans ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives: 1) Examine total quality of foods consumed on the day a home-delivered meal (HDM) of the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAANSP) was served, and when a HDM was not served, 2) Estimate proportion of HDM participants and non-participants meeting the daily average recommendations for guidance-based foods and nutrients. Design: cross-sectional study. Participants: Adults aged 67 years and older (n=1227), 620 HDM recipients, and 607 matching non-participants, examined in three groups; 1) meal recipients who received a HDM on the day of the 24-hr dietary recall; 2) no meal-recipients who did not receive a HDM on the day of the recall; and 3) matching HDM non-participants. Setting: Data was obtained from the national 2015-17 Outcomes Evaluation Study of HDM participants in the US. Results: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) -2010 scores of HDM participants were significantly lower on the day the meal was not received compared to when a meal were received (52.5 vs. 63.4, p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the total HEI-2010 scores of HDM meal-recipients and HDM non-participants. Despite the meal, less than 20% of HDM participants and non-participants met the 2010-Diet Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommended average daily intake for fruit, vegetables, dairy, protein foods and solid fats. Conclusion: HDM participants’ diet quality is poorer when they do not receive a meal putting them at increased risk of malnutrition. Expanding the OAANSP to offer meals on weekends and/or to include more than one meal per day is recommended to improve the diet of this vulnerable population.

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To Determine the Frequency of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants

10.53350/pjmhs2115123200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3200-3201

Author(s):

Nusrat Hussain ◽

Suleman . ◽

Amna Wajdan ◽

Rabia Bashir ◽

Rabia Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infants ◽

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

High Frequency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Formula Feeding ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medicine Department

Aim: To determine the frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants Place and duration of study: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study in Pediatric Medicine Department, Nishtar Hospital Multan from March, 2021 to August, 2021 Methodology: The preterm neonates were called for follow up every week for 4 weeks to diagnose Necrotizing enterocolitis. Results; Out of 174 cases, 101 (58%) were males while 73 (42%) were females. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was noted in 61 (35.1%) while NEC in breastfeeding infants was 14/74 (18.9%) and in formula feeding infants NEC was 47/100 (47%). Conclusion; High frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis was observed in this study among formula fed preterm infants as compared to breastfed preterm infants. Keywords; Breastfeeding, formula feeding, Necrotizing enterocolitis

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