scholarly journals Dynamic Knee Valgus in Single-Leg Movement Tasks. Potentially Modifiable Factors and Exercise Training Options. A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8208
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wilczyński ◽  
Katarzyna Zorena ◽  
Daniel Ślęzak
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Flexion Strength

Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) as an incorrect movement pattern is recognized as a risk factor for lower limb injuries. Therefore, it is important to find the reasons behind this movement to select effective preventive procedures. There is a limited number of publications focusing on specific tasks, separating the double-leg from the single-leg tasks. Test patterns commonly used for DKV assessment, such as single-leg squat (SLS) or single leg landings (SLL), may show different results. The current review presents the modifiable factors of knee valgus in squat and landing single-leg tests in healthy people, as well as exercise training options. The authors used the available literature from PubMed, Scopus, PEDro and clinicaltrials.gov databases, and reviewed physiotherapy journals and books. For the purpose of the review, studies were searched for using 2D or 3D motion analysis methods only in the SLL and SLS tasks among healthy active people. Strengthening and activating gluteal muscles, improving trunk lateral flexion strength, increasing ROM dorsiflexion ankle and midfoot mobility should be taken into account when planning training programs aimed at reducing DKV occurring in SLS. In addition, knee valgus during SLL may occur due to decreased hip abductors, extensors, external rotators strength and higher midfoot mobility. Evidence from several studies supports the addition of biofeedback training exercises to reduce the angles of DKV.

Motor learning on postural control using auditory biofeedback training

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Naoya Hasegawa ◽  
Tadayoshi Asaka
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
New Methods ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Training Exercises

Motor disorders are characterised by damage to the central nervous system, which subsequently affects muscles, motor skills and brain function. People with motor disorders can suffer injury as a result of falls and recovery from falls can be challenging. Augmented biofeedback modalities is an important tool used in physical therapy, providing individuals with biofeedback that helps guide them through the therapy. Biofeedback modalities have been designed for most of our senses, including auditory, visual and haptic and advances in technology have meant that biofeedback therapy can make use of wearable technology and future advances are expected to further assist. Therefore, it will be key to determine which biofeedback method works best for different training exercises and conditions in order to maximise the benefits of technological advances. Dr Naoya Hasegawa and Professor Tadayoshi Asaka are investigating which biofeedback method works best for different therapies. Their goal is to understand the characteristics of sensory modalities used for biofeedback training in order to help physical therapists determine appropriate approaches for different individuals. The researchers are currently investigating postural control with a view to defining the characteristics of postural control during walking and standing and developing new methods to enhance or improve it. This work involves the use of force plates, 3D motion analysis systems and electromyograms.

scholarly journals The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11731
Author(s):  
Farhah Nadhirah Aiman Sahabuddin ◽  
Nazatul Izzati Jamaludin ◽  
Nurul Hidayah Amir ◽  
Shazlin Shaharudin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
The Impact

Background A range of non-contact injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear, and patellofemoral pain syndrome are caused by disordered knee joint loading from excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Previous systematic reviews showed that DKV could be modified through the influence of hip strength and ankle range of motion. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise intervention which involved either top-down or bottom-up kinetic chains on minimizing DKV in male and female adults and adolescents, with and without existing knee pain. Methodology Electronic searches were conducted in SAGE, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and Pubmed. The search strategy consisted of medical subject headings and free-text search keywords, synonyms and variations of ‘exercise intervention,’ ‘knee alignment,’ ‘dynamic knee valgus’, ‘knee abduction’ that were merged via the Boolean operator ‘AND’ and ‘OR’. The search was conducted on full-text journals that documented the impact of the exercise intervention program involving either the bottom-up or top-down DKV mechanism on the knee kinematics. Furthermore, exercise intervention in this review should last at least one week which included two or three sessions per week. This review also considered both men and women of all ages with a healthy or symptomatic knee problem. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by Cochrane risk assessment tool. The protocol of this review was registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021219121). Results Ten studies with a total of 423 participants (male = 22.7%, female = 77.3%; adults = 249, adolescents = 123; pre-adolescent = 51) met the inclusion criteria of this review. Seven studies showed the significant effects of the exercise intervention program (range from two weeks to ten weeks) on reducing DKV. The exercise training in these seven studies focused on muscle groups directly attached to the knee joint such as hamstrings and gastrocnemius. The remaining three studies did not show significant improvement in DKV after the exercise intervention (range between eight weeks to twelve weeks) probably because they focused on trunk and back muscles instead of muscles crossing the knee joint. Conclusion Exercises targeting specific knee-joint muscles, either from top-down or bottom-up kinetic chain, are likely to reduce DKV formation. These results may assist athletes and coaches to develop effective exercise program that could minimize DKV and ultimately prevent lower limb injuries.

CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF A MOTION FEEDBACK SYSTEM FOR ANALYZING EXERCISE TRAINING EFFICACY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei-Li Fang ◽  
Yu-Hsueh Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Tzuhao Tsai ◽  
Fu-Shan Jaw ◽  
Yu-Sheng Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
New Device ◽  
Database Platform ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Medical Burden

The increase in aged population is a global trend. Inculcating healthy behaviors such as regular exercises in the elderly has a significant impact on the financial and medical burden globally. Moreover, air pollution and the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pose a serious threat to public health. In order to improve the health conditions of the population, this study developed a motion feedback system named MoveV that can be used for several indoor training exercises. This system provides instant motion feedback by synchronizing exercise training videos on the website using a motion analysis algorithm that is applicable on smartphones, and a cloud database platform is used to record health behaviors. Feature extraction is performed based on force intensity, motion velocity, and exercise direction. The resultant accuracy of the motion feedback system was tested by a motion science expert and presented as the confidence level. For perfect movement, a confidence level of up to 90.5% was achieved, indicating that the MoveV system was able to record users’ exercise frequency and distinguish whether the user was performing well in the exercise movements. The proposed system is convenient and does not incur additional expenditure by purchasing any new device. Furthermore, it provides visual and voice feedback, companionship, and exercise motivation to the users, all of which are important factors when using online exercise platforms.

Effects of Exercise Training with Weighted Vests on Bone Turnover and Isokinetic Strength in Postmenopausal Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Klentrou ◽  
Jill Slack ◽  
Brian Roy ◽  
Michel Ladouceur
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Ankle Strength ◽  
Exercise Compliance ◽  
Flexion Strength ◽  
Weighted Vests

The effects of 12 wk of exercise training using weighted vests on bone turnover and isokinetic strength were evaluated in postmenopausal women randomly assigned as exercisers (EX;n= 9) or controls (CON;n= 7). Training included 3 multimodal exercise sessions per wk wearing weighted vests. The vest load was progressively increased each wk to a maximum of 15% of body weight. Bone turnover was determined from resting levels of serum osteocalcin and NTx. Knee and ankle strength were measured at 60°/s and 180°/s using an isokinetic dynamometer. After 12 wk, NTx decreased by 14.5% (P ≤ .05) in EX, with no significant changes in osteocalcin. EX also showed a 40% (P ≤ .05) improvement in ankle plantar-flexion strength at 60°/s. Relative body fat significantly decreased and fat-free mass increased in EX. Exercise compliance was 80%. These findings support the use of progressive exercise training using weighted vests in postmenopausal women.

EFFECTS OF ADDING BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING TO ACTIVE EXERCISES AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Sayed A. Shanb ◽  
Enas F. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Exercise Training Program ◽  
Total Knee

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding biofeedback training to active exercise training on quadriceps torque, voluntary activation and functional activity after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 45 patients with unilateral TKA participated in this study; their ages ranged from 58 to 67 years. They were assigned randomly to two groups. Group I comprised 21 patients who practiced an active exercise training program for 30 to 45 min/session, two sessions/week, for 4 months. Group II contained 24 patients who practiced biofeedback training in addition to the active exercise training program for 30 to 45 min/session, two sessions/week, for 4 months. Isometric peak torque of the quadriceps, voluntary activation and knee functional activity were measured. The results revealed significant improvements in quadriceps torque, voluntary activation and knee functional activity for both groups, with more improvement in knee functional activities in group II. There were nonsignificant differences between the two groups in both quadriceps peak torque and voluntary activation after training (p > 0.05). Conclusion: An active exercise program can enhance quadriceps peak torque, voluntary activation and knee functional activity after unilateral TKA. The addition of biofeedback training increases the benefits for the knee functional activity of a patient.

Lower Limb Movement Pattern Differences Between Males and Females in Squatting and Kneeling

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jessa M. Buchman-Pearle ◽  
David C. Kingston ◽  
Stacey M. Acker
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Joint Stress ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lower Limb Movement

Movement pattern differences may contribute to differential injury or disease prevalence between individuals. The purpose of this study was to identify lower limb movement patterns in high knee flexion, a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis, and to investigate kinematic differences between males and females, as females typically develop knee osteoarthritis more commonly and severely than males. Lower extremity kinematic data were recorded from 110 participants completing 4 variations of squatting and kneeling. Principal component analysis was used to identify principal movements associated with the largest variability in the sample. Across the tasks, similar principal movements emerged at maximal flexion and during transitions. At maximal flexion, females achieved greater knee flexion, facilitated by a wider base of support, which may alter posterior and lateral tibiofemoral stress. Principal movements also detected differences in movement temporality between males and females. When these temporal differences occur due to alterations in movement velocity and/or acceleration, they may elicit changes in muscle activation and knee joint stress. Movement variability identified in the current study provides a framework for potential modifiable factors in high knee flexion, such as foot position, and suggests that kinematic differences between the sexes may contribute to differences in knee osteoarthritis progression.

scholarly journals Controlled ecological evaluation of an implemented exercise training programme to prevent lower limb injuries in sport: differences in implementation activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Donaldson ◽  
Belinda J Gabbe ◽  
David G Lloyd ◽  
Jill Cook ◽  
Caroline F Finch
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Implementation Support ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Implementation Activity

ObjectiveThe public health benefits of injury prevention programmes are maximised when programmes are widely adopted and adhered to. Therefore, these programmes require appropriate implementation support. This study evaluated implementation activity outcomes associated with the implementation of FootyFirst, an exercise training injury prevention programme for community Australian football, both with (FootyFirst+S) and without (FootyFirst+NS) implementation support.MethodAn evaluation plan based on the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) Sports Setting Matrix was applied in a controlled ecological evaluation of the implementation of FootyFirst. RE-AIM dimension-specific (range: 0–2) and total RE-AIM scores (range: 0–10) were derived by triangulating data from a number of sources (including surveys, interviews, direct observations and notes) describing FootyFirst implementation activities. The mean dimension-specific and total scores were compared for clubs in regions receiving FootyFirst+S and FootyFirst+NS, through analysis of variance.ResultsThe mean total RE-AIM score forclubs in the FootyFirst+S regions was 2.4 times higher than for clubs in the FootyFirst+NS region (4.73 vs 1.94; 95% CI for the difference: 1.64 to 3.74). Similarly, all dimension-specific scores were significantly higher for clubs in the FootyFirst+S regions compared with clubs in the FootyFirst+NS region. In all regions, the dimension-specific scores were highest for reach and adoption, and lowest for implementation.ConclusionImplementing exercise training injury prevention programmes in community sport is challenging. Delivering programme content supported by a context-specific and evidence-informed implementation plan leads to greater implementation activity, which is an important precursor to injury reductions.

scholarly journals Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Heart Failure: New Perspectives in Exercise Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Volterrani ◽  
Ferdinando Iellamo ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Exercise Dose ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Training Exercises

Exercise training is recommended to patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and reduced ejection fraction at a class 1 evidence level. Currently the ‘dose’ of exercise (dose being both volume and intensity) still remains uncertain and the best form of aerobic exercise training has not been defined. Guidelines commonly use heart rate (HR) as a target factor for both moderate continuous and interval training exercises. However, exercise training guided by HR can be limited in CHF patients due to chronotropic incompetence and beta-blocker treatment. In our study, we systematically addressed the above issues by applying a training method that takes into account both the volume and intensity of exercise on an individual basis. This method is referred to as individual TRaining IMPulses (TRIMPi). In this review, we summarise a series of investigations that used TRIMPi and different exercise forms to quantify the optimum training load in CHF patients. This review also highlights the way TRIMPi and the individual exercise dose affects cardiorespiratory, metabolic and autonomic cardiac adaptations.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Intradialytic versus Out-of-Clinic Exercise Training Programs for Hemodialysis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yu Fang ◽  
Brett T. Burrows ◽  
Alexis C. King ◽  
Kenneth R. Wilund
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Training Exercises

Background: Physical inactivity is prevalent and linked with a variety of unfavorable clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. To increase physical activity (PA) and improve quality of life in this population, intradialytic and out-of-clinic exercise interventions have been implemented in many studies. However, there is still a lack of consensus in the literature on which type of exercise intervention is more feasible and effective. Summary: This review provides a brief overview of intradialytic and out-of-clinic exercise protocols utilized in previous studies. We also examine data related to the feasibility of each approach, and their efficacy for improving cardiovascular health, muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Key Messages: The benefits from most intradialytic and out-of-center exercise training interventions published to date have been modest or inconsistent. Furthermore, neither appears to provide a significant advantage over the other in terms of benefits for cardiovascular health, muscle mass, strength, and physical function. A significant concern is that most intradialytic and out-of-center exercise interventions are mandated exercise prescriptions that include either endurance or resistance training exercises, performed at low-moderate intensities, for a total of 60–135 min of exercise/week. This volume, intensity, and variety of exercise are far less than what is recommended in most PA guidelines. This type of structured activity is also boring for most patients. To enhance the effectiveness of exercise interventions, we suggest using the intradialytic period to provide patients guidance on how they can best incorporate more activity into their lives, based on their individual needs and barriers.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Valgus-Sensing Leggings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pettys-Baker ◽  
Crystal Compton ◽  
Sophia Utset-Ward ◽  
Marc Tompkins ◽  
Brad Holschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Knee Valgus

Performing exercises, especially cutting and pivoting activities, with poor lower extremity mechanics can lead to severe damage of the knee, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears [1]. A common movement pattern observed in at-risk athletes is knee valgus. This term refers to the medial collapse of the knee (when the knees falls inward towards the center of the body). Intervention to prevent knee valgus could reduce the chance of injury for at-risk athletes, or re-injury for those recovering from a knee injury. Currently, in patients with knee injuries, knee valgus is monitored by physical therapists, who observe a patient’s movements visually during exercise. The therapists instruct patients on how to identify valgus and how they might correct it. Visual diagnosis of valgus can be difficult and subjective, thereby allowing the unavoidable presence of human error. In addition, monitoring in real time is only possible when the patient is with a therapist. Several studies have focused on the issue of accurate detection of knee valgus by using a variety of systems such as 2D and 3D motion capture systems to track knee and hip movements, dynamometers, and electromyography [2][3][4]. Although these systems are able to determine knee valgus, they are difficult to use, require expensive equipment, and do not provide real-time feedback outside of the clinic setting. The purpose of this study was to inform the design of a valgus-sensing legging by exploring sensor placement options to maximize the magnitude of the sensor response difference between valgus and non-valgus knee bends.

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