scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Transfer of Inter-Provincial Electricity Trade in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8375
Author(s):  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Ruyin Long ◽  
Linling Zhang ◽  
Zhengxia He ◽  
Feiyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Transfer Problem ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Electricity Trade ◽  
Indirect Emission

Inter-regional electricity trade is an important way to mitigate the imbalance between regional electricity generation and consumption. With the increasing amount of inter-regional electricity trade in China, the emission transfer problem is more severe. By using Quasi-Input-Output model, which can consider the ripple effect of electricity trade network, this study analyzed embodied greenhouse gas emissions of electricity trade among 30 provinces in China. Results indicated that, in 2017, the national transfer volumes of CO2, CH4, and N2O embodied in inter-provincial electricity trade were 603.25 Mt, 6803.81 t, and 9899.25 t, respectively. Emissions are mainly transferred from the eastern to the western regions, especially to those with high proportion of electricity generated from fossil fuels. The amount of emission transfer is not consistent with that of purchased electricity, since some regions are rich in clean energy. Although direct emission transfer plays the dominant role for most province, indirect emission transfer should also be noticed. Provinces with larger indirect emission transfer generally purchase electricity from provinces with a lot of electricity inflows. The findings could help policy makers coordinate regional energy utilization strategies and issue more effective emission reduction policies in the electricity industry.

scholarly journals Utilization of Biodegradable Wastes as a Clean Energy Source in the Developing Countries: A Case Study in Myanmar

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maw Tun ◽  
Dagmar Juchelková ◽  
Helena Raclavská ◽  
Veronika Sassmanová
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Clean Energy Source

Nowadays, waste-to-energy has become a type of renewable energy utilization that can provide environmental and economic benefits in the world. In this paper, we evaluated the quality of twelve biodegradable waste samples from Myanmar by binder laboratory heating and drying oven at 105 °C. The calculation methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) were used for the greenhouse gas emission estimation from waste disposal at the open dumpsites, anaerobic digestion, and waste transportation in the current situation of Myanmar. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and fossil fuel consumption of the improved biodegrade waste utilization system were estimated and both were found to be reduced. As a result, volume and weight of the biodegradable wastes with 100% moisture reduction were estimated at approximately 5 million cubic meters per year and 2600 kilotonnes per year, respectively, in 2021. The total GHG emissions in the current situation amounted to approximately 1500 and 1800 Gigagrams of CO2-eq per year in 2019 and 2021, respectively, while the total GHG emission avoidance from a sustainable approach amounted to 3500 and 4000 Gigagrams of CO2-eq per year, respectively. The study aimed at highlighting the utilization of biodegradable wastes as a clean energy source in developing countries.

scholarly journals Clean Power from Burning Trash

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (02) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
John B. Kitto ◽  
Larry A. Hiner
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Landfill Emissions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Energy Plants

This study presents an overview of distinctive features of America’s first new waste-to-energy plant, which is a source of renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emission. With combustion and air pollution equipment designed and supplied by The Babcock & Wilcox Co. (B&W), the new facility addresses the pollution and cost issues that stopped municipalities from building waste-to-energy plants. It eliminates the burial of problematic wastes that routinely emit tons of volatile organic compounds and problematic chemicals. Waste-to-energy plants produce lower net greenhouse gas emissions than any landfill option. Not only do they displace fossil fuels to produce electricity, but also they effectively eliminate methane landfill emissions by burning the biodegradable landfill waste that forms methane. Test results show that the facility’s emissions are, at their maximum, an order of magnitude lower than those limits. This makes it the best in class of any waste-to-energy plant in the world. Waste-to-energy plants give municipalities facing rising landfill costs an economically and environmentally sound alternative to consider.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Offsets of Forest Residues for Bioenergy in Queensland, Australia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Leanda C. Garvie ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Fabiano A. Ximenes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Harvest Residues

Harnessing sustainably sourced forest biomass for renewable energy is well-established in some parts of the developed world. Forest-based bioenergy has the potential to offset carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels, thereby playing a role in climate change mitigation. Despite having an established commercial forestry industry, with large quantities of residue generated each year, there is limited use for forest biomass for renewable energy in Queensland, and Australia more broadly. The objective of this study was to identify the carbon dioxide mitigation potential of replacing fossil fuels with bioenergy generated from forest harvest residues harnessed from commercial plantations of Pinus species in southeast Queensland. An empirical-based full carbon accounting model (FullCAM) was used to simulate the accumulation of carbon in harvest residues. The results from the FullCAM modelling were further analysed to identify the energy substitution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions offsets of three bioenergy scenarios. The results of the analysis suggest that the greatest opportunity to avoid or offset emissions is achieved when combined heat and power using residue feedstocks replaces coal-fired electricity. The results of this study suggest that forest residue bioenergy is a viable alternative to traditional energy sources, offering substantive emission reductions, with the potential to contribute towards renewable energy and emission reduction targets in Queensland. The approach used in this case study will be valuable to other regions exploring bioenergy generation from forest or other biomass residues.

Hydrogen Use in an Urban District: Environmental Impacts in a Possible Scenario Based on Coal

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gambini ◽  
Michela Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Italian City ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

Hydrogen technology is becoming ever more relevant because hydrogen use can help containing greenhouse gas emission if CO2 capture and storage techniques are implemented in the hydrogen production technology (when hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels). For this reason this work aims at carrying out a comparative analysis of possible energy scenarios in urban districts: a medium-small Italian city is taken into consideration, and its energy consumptions, both for domestic and industrial use, are evaluated. The current situation, in which conventional technologies meet the energy needs, is compared to a hypothetical scenario where clean energy vectors, namely hydrogen and electricity, are utilized together with traditional primary energy supply. Hydrogen production by means of coal decarbonization is investigated, as well as hydrogen use in advanced energy systems for transport and for electric and thermal energy generation.

scholarly journals A Practical Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Open Dumps through Infrastructure Restructuring: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Zhanbin Luo ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
Qianlin Zhu ◽  
Shaoliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Nanjing City ◽  
Landfill Management

A new environmental ban has forced the restructure of open dumps in China since 1 July 2011. A technical process was established in this study that is feasible for the upgrade of open dumps through restructuring. The feasibility of restructuring and the benefit of greenhouse gas emission reductions were assessed according to field surveys of five landfills and four dumps in Nanjing. The results showed that the daily processing capacities of the existing landfills have been unable to meet the growth of municipal solid waste (MSW), making restructuring of the landfills imperative. According to an assessment of the technical process, only four sites in Nanjing were suitable for upgrading. Restructuring the Jiaozishan landfill effectively reduced the leachate generation rate by 5.84% under its scale when expanded by 60.7% in 2015. CO2 emissions were reduced by approximately 55,000–86,000 tons per year, in which biogas power generation replaced fossil fuels Fossil fuels accounted for the largest proportion, up to 45,000–60,000 tons. Photovoltaic power generation on the overlying land has not only reduced CO2 emissions to 26,000–30,000 tons per year but has also brought in continuing income from the sale of electricity. The funds are essential for developing countries such as China, which lack long-term financial support for landfill management after closure.

A comparative greenhouse gas emission analysis of oilseed crops for biodiesel production in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. VLACHOS ◽  
N. A. MARIOLIS ◽  
G. N. SKARACIS
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalents

SUMMARYSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are considered as the most suitable crops for biodiesel production in the Mediterranean basin. Soybean (Glycine max L.) could also be used, under certain conditions. In Greece, the farming practice adopted in each region varies significantly, leading to significant differences in the levels of emitted greenhouse gases (GHG). Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated during the cultivation phase as grams of carbon dioxide equivalents (g CO2e) per megajoule (MJ), followed by emission savings (%) estimation when fossil fuels are replaced by biodiesel. Crop and region comparisons provided important information towards promoting sustainability. Overall, sunflower demonstrated the lowest average emissions, 53·8 g CO2e/MJ, followed by rapeseed and soybean. Furthermore, rapeseed achieved the lowest emission saving level required by European legislation in most cases studied, with an average value of 37%. Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization were the operations mostly contributing to the total quantity of GHG emissions. More specifically, the highest GHG emissions were found for soybean irrigation (34%) and rapeseed nitrogen fertilization (68%).

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