scholarly journals Mentalization Impairment Is Associated with Problematic Alcohol Use in a Sample of Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8664
Author(s):  
Claudio Imperatori ◽  
Ornella Corazza ◽  
Angelo Panno ◽  
Raffaella Rinaldi ◽  
Massimo Pasquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Psychosocial Sequelae ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Background: Alcohol is one of the most widely used drugs among adolescents and young people, and problematic alcohol use (PAU) is related to significant long-term biological, clinical, and psychosocial sequelae. Although preliminary reports have linked deficits in mentalization to increased vulnerability to addiction, no studies have specifically explored this phenomenon in relation to PAU. Methods: The association between mentalization impairment and PAU severity was investigated in a sample of 271 young adults (183 females, 65.9%; mean age: 23.20 ± 3.55 years; range: 18–34). Self-report measures investigating PAU and mentalization were administered to all participants. Results: Individuals with PAU reported a more frequent use of tobacco and illicit drugs in the last 12 months. PAU severity was negatively associated with mentalization capacity (rho = −0.21; p < 0.001), and also, when possible, confounding variables (i.e., gender, age, occupation, education, tobacco and illegal drugs use) were controlled for (rho = −0.17; p = 0.004). Conclusion: The present data showed that mentalization impairment is significantly associated with PAU among young adults, suggesting that it may have a role in the development and/or maintenance of alcohol use.

scholarly journals Korean University Students’ Problematic Alcohol use, Depression, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury During COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 247054702110530
Author(s):  
In Hong Kim ◽  
Yeo Won Jeong ◽  
Hyun Kyeong Park
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use ◽  
The Relationship

Background This study investigated depression, problematic alcohol use, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) of university students in Korea during COVID-19 lockdown and evaluated the moderating effect of problematic alcohol use in the relationship between depression and NSSI. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 234 Korean university students’ data were used to analyze the relationship between depression and NSSI and the moderating effect of problematic alcohol use. To analyze the moderating effect, Hayes PROCESS macro (model 1) was used. Results Of the participants, 69.7% were problematic alcohol drinkers and 58.1% were binge drinkers. Depression and NSSI scores were 13.948 and 0.901, respectively. Of the participants, 33.3% had experienced NSSI for 6 months. Depression was positively associated with NSSI among university students. Furthermore, problematic alcohol use had a conditional moderating effect on the relationship between depression and NSSI. Conclusions Problematic alcohol use had conditional moderating effects on the relationship between depression and NSSI. Additionally, since the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, to prevent NSSI, health care professionals in the university should screen students with problematic alcohol use and depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Use of illicit drugs by adolescents and young adults of an urban settlement in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Márcia Maria de Souza ◽  
Karlla Antonieta Amorim Caetano ◽  
Sheila Araujo Teles ◽  
Marcos André de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Factors Associated

Summary Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug use by adolescents and young adults of a formal urban settlement. Method: Cross-sectional study including adolescents and young adults 12-24 years of an urban settlement in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata, version 12.0. We used Poisson regression model to estimate the factors associated with illicit drug use. Results: Of the total participants (n=105), 27.6% (95CI 20.0-36.9%) had used illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, LSD and inhalants. The consumption of these substances was associated with male gender, use of body piercing and/or tattoos, licit drug use and self-report of signs and/or symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. Conclusion: High prevalence of illicit drug use was found in the individuals investigated, ratifying the presence of risk factors to the vulnerability of the settlers to use these substances in the urban settlement population.

scholarly journals Problematic alcohol use and reduced hippocampal volume: a meta-analytic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2288-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wilson ◽  
J. L. Bair ◽  
K. M. Thomas ◽  
W. G. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

BackgroundA number of studies reports reduced hippocampal volume in individuals who engage in problematic alcohol use. However, the magnitude of the difference in hippocampal volume between individuals with v. without problematic alcohol use has varied widely, and there have been null findings. Moreover, the studies comprise diverse alcohol use constructs and samples, including clinically significant alcohol use disorders and subclinical but problematic alcohol use (e.g. binge drinking), adults and adolescents, and males and females.MethodsWe conducted the first quantitative synthesis of the published empirical research on associations between problematic alcohol use and hippocampal volume. In total, 23 studies were identified and selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis; effects sizes were aggregated using a random-effects model.ResultsProblematic alcohol use was associated with significantly smaller hippocampal volume (d = −0.53). Moderator analyses indicated that effects were stronger for clinically significant v. subclinical alcohol use and among adults relative to adolescents; effects did not differ among males and females.ConclusionsProblematic alcohol use is associated with reduced hippocampal volume. The moderate overall effect size suggests the need for larger samples than are typically included in studies of alcohol use and hippocampal volume. Because the existing literature is almost entirely cross-sectional, future research using causally informative study designs is needed to determine whether this association reflects premorbid risk for the development of problematic alcohol use and/or whether alcohol has a neurotoxic effect on the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Association between anxiety symptoms and problematic alcohol use in adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna de Abreu Costa ◽  
Giovanni Abrahão Salum Junior ◽  
Luciano Rassier Isolan ◽  
Jandira Rahmeier Acosta ◽  
Rafaela Behs Jarros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, affecting approximately 10% of individuals throughout life; its onset can be detected since early childhood or adolescence. Studies in adults have shown that anxiety disorders are associated with alcohol abuse, but few studies have investigated the association between anxiety symptoms and problematic alcohol use in early ages. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if anxiety symptoms are associated with problematic alcohol use in young subjects. METHODS: A total of 239 individuals aged 10-17 years were randomly selected from schools located in the catchment area of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was used to evaluate the presence of anxiety symptoms, and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), to evaluate alcohol use. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven individuals (53.1% ) reported having already used alcohol. Of these, 14 individuals showed problematic alcohol use (5.8% ). There was no association between lifetime use of alcohol and anxiety symptoms, but mean SCARED scores in individuals with problematic alcohol use was higher if compared to those without problematic use, even after adjustment for age and gender (29.9±8.5 vs. 23.7±11.8, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitation of a cross-sectional design, our study suggests that anxiety symptoms are associated with problematic alcohol use early in life.

Problematic alcohol use in young adults during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Laghi ◽  
Daniele Di Tata ◽  
Dora Bianchi ◽  
Antonia Lonigro ◽  
Sara Pompili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Trajectories of Problematic Alcohol Use, Depressive Symptoms, and their Co-Occurrence in Young Adults with and without Childhood ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1277
Author(s):  
Frances L. Wang ◽  
Sarah L. Pedersen ◽  
Bernie Devlin ◽  
Elizabeth M. Gnagy ◽  
William E. Pelham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

scholarly journals An assessment of alcohol consumption using the alcohol use disorders identification test: self-report version questionnaire among students pursuing professional courses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4973
Author(s):  
Huma Khan ◽  
Saurabh Mishra ◽  
Abhinav Pandey ◽  
Abhinav Pandey ◽  
Abhijeet .
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Harmful use of alcohol is accountable for 7.1% and 2.2% of the global burden of disease for males and females respectively. Alcohol is the leading risk factor for premature mortality and disability among those aged 15 to 49 years, accounting for 10% of all deaths in this age group. Objectives of current study were to assess the prevalence of alcohol consumption students pursuing professional courses and to know the factors associated with alcohol consumption among study participants.Methods: Current study is a cross sectional study with sample size of 410 (male: 49%, female 51%). The alcohol use disorders identification test self-report version by WHO was taken as study tool. Data Collection was done online through Google forms and data analysis was done using SPSS trial version.Results: Mean age of the participants was 21.95±3.03 years. Prevalence of alcohol consumption was found in 17.1% study participants.Conclusions: Alcohol use varies among different academic streams across varied socio demographic backgrounds. Interventions including in campus counselling are need of the hour.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Peers Method and Traditional Methodologies, and Risk Behaviors in Studies of the Prevalence of Drug Consumption in a Population of Female, Chilean Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez T. Jorge ◽  
Maria Fernández Ana ◽  
Valdés C. Macarena ◽  
Hernández A. Enrique ◽  
Ramírez P. Sergio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The City

The present study investigates drug consumption and risk behaviors among female students between 8th and 12th grade in two communities in the city of Santiago, Chile. Based on studies of university populations, we hypothesize that the students' reports of their consumption of licit drugs will tend to be consistent with their actual use of said drugs using two methods to investigate consumption, while their consumption of illicit drugs will be susceptible, and will tend to be under-reported when evaluated through traditional self-report measures. In order to compare the two methods, a cross-sectional study was designed that would compare reported drug consumption, first using the peers method, and then by means of traditional self-report in a group of 350 students. The results show that women's reports of licit drug consumption converge using the two methods, while as earlier suggested, women's illicit drug consumption was found to be under-reported when traditional methodologies were used.

scholarly journals Problematic alcohol use and hippocampal volume in a female sample: disentangling cause from consequence using a co-twin control study design

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1673-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylia Wilson ◽  
Stephen M. Malone ◽  
Ruskin H. Hunt ◽  
Kathleen M. Thomas ◽  
William G. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Related Effect ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use ◽  
Control Study

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is extensive evidence that problematic alcohol use is associated with smaller hippocampal volume, the typical cross-sectional study design cannot determine whether hippocampal deviations reflect pre-existing liability toward problematic alcohol use or instead reflect an alcohol exposure-related effect. We used the co-twin control study design, which capitalizes upon differences within a twin pair in levels of drinking, to differentiate pre-existing liability from an effect of alcohol exposure.MethodsThe sample included 100 female twins, prospectively assessed from ages 11 to 24. Problematic alcohol use was assessed dimensionally and included indicators of quantity, frequency, and density of alcohol use and intoxication. Hippocampal volume was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsProblematic alcohol use (proximal and cumulative) was associated with significantly smaller left and right hippocampal volume. Follow-up co-twin control analyses that partitioned individual-level alcohol effects into pre-existing, familial liability and non-shared alcohol exposure-related effects indicated that this association reflected alcohol exposure. Greater alcohol using twins had smaller hippocampal volume relative to lesser alcohol using co-twins, beyond effects of their shared genetic and environmental liability toward problematic alcohol use. Results held accounting for recent alcohol use, other substance use, externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, personality traits, trauma exposure, and menstrual phase.ConclusionsThe association between problematic alcohol use and smaller hippocampal volume likely reflects an alcohol exposure-related effect. Differentiating pre-existing brain deviations that confer risk for problematic alcohol use from those that reflect effects of alcohol on the brain will inform etiological models of addiction and further prevention and intervention efforts.

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