scholarly journals Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8921
Author(s):  
Diego Galvan ◽  
Luciane Effting ◽  
Hágata Cremasco ◽  
Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
The Relationship

Infinite factors can influence the spread of COVID-19. Evaluating factors related to the spread of the disease is essential to point out measures that take effect. In this study, the influence of 14 variables was assessed together by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of the type Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), to verify the relationship between numbers of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Brazilian states for 110 days. The SOM analysis showed that the variables that presented a more significant relationship with the numbers of cases and deaths by COVID-19 were influenza vaccine applied, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), ventilators, physicians, nurses, and the Human Development Index (HDI). In general, Brazilian states with the highest rates of influenza vaccine applied, ICU beds, ventilators, physicians, and nurses, per 100,000 inhabitants, had the lowest number of cases and deaths from COVID-19, while the states with the lowest rates were most affected by the disease. According to the SOM analysis, other variables such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), tests, drugs, and Federal funds, did not have as significant effect as expected.

What Does Human Development Index Rating Mean in Terms of Individualism/Collectivism?

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Sotelo ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between human development and individualism. The method is based on the first principal component of Hofstede's individualism index in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results suggest that the general idea that greater wealth brings more individualism is only true for countries with high levels of development, while for middle or low levels of development the inverse is true.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

Ozone Concentration Prediction using Artificial Neural Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia Gavrila
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to determine a mathematical model which establishes the relationship between ozone levels together with other meteorological data and air quality. The model is valid for any season and for any area and is based on real-time data measured in Bucharest and its surroundings. This study is based on research using artificial neural networks to model nonlinear relationships between the concentration of immission of ozone and the meteorological factors: relative humidity (RH), global solar radiation (SR), air temperature (TEMP). The ozone concentration depends on following primary pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2), carbon monoxide (CO). To achieve this, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was implemented in Scilab, a numerical computation software. Performed sensitivity tests proved the robustness of the model and its applicability in predicting the ozone on short-term.

The Relationship between Human Development and Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Stewart ◽  
Gustav Ranis ◽  
Emma Samman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intervening Variables

This chapter explores the interactions between economic growth and human development, as measured by the Human Development Index, theoretically and empirically. Drawing on many studies it explores the links in two chains, from economic growth to human development, and from human development to growth. Econometric analysis establishes strong links between economic growth and human development, and intervening variables influencing the strength of the chains. Because of the complementary relationship, putting emphasis on economic growth alone is not a long-term viable strategy, as growth is likely to be impeded by failure on human development. The chapter classifies country performance in four ways: virtuous cycles where both growth and human development are successful; vicious cycles where both are weak; and lopsided ones where the economy is strong but human development is weak, or conversely ones where human development is strong but the economy is weak.

scholarly journals Google search behavior for meningitis and its vaccines: an infodemiological study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Angelo Luigi S. Perez ◽  
Adrian I. Espiritu ◽  
Roland Dominic G. Jamora
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The internet has made significant contributions towards health education. Analyzing the pattern of online behavior regarding meningitis and vaccinations may be worthwhile. It is hypothesized that the online search patterns in meningitis are correlated with its number of cases and the search patterns of its related vaccines. Methods This was an infodemiological study that determined the relationship among online search interest in meningitis, its worldwide number of cases and its associated vaccines. Using Google Trends™ Search Volume Indices (SVIs), we evaluated the search queries “meningitis,” “pneumococcal vaccine,” “BCG vaccine,” “meningococcal vaccine” and “influenza vaccine” in January 2021, covering January 2008 to December 2020. Spearman rank correlation was used to determine correlations between these queries. Results The worldwide search interest in meningitis from 2008 to 2020 showed an average SVI of 46 ± 8.8. The most searched topics were symptoms, vaccines, and infectious agents with SVIs of 100, 52, and 39, respectively. The top three countries with the highest search interest were Ghana, Kazakhstan, and Kenya. There were weak, but statistically significant correlations between meningitis and the BCG (ρ = 0.369, p < 0.001) and meningococcal (ρ = 0.183, p < 0.05) vaccines. There were no statistically significant associations between the number of cases, influenza vaccine, and pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusion The relationships among the Google SVIs for meningitis and its related vaccines and number of cases data were inconsistent and remained unclear. Future infodemiological studies may expand their scopes to social media, semantics, and big data for more robust conclusions.

scholarly journals Scene Complexity: A New Perspective on Understanding the Scene Semantics of Remote Sensing and Designing Image-Adaptive Convolutional Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Jian Peng ◽  
Xiaoming Mei ◽  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Liang Hong ◽  
Bingyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Complex Scene ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Scene understanding of remote sensing images is of great significance in various applications. Its fundamental problem is how to construct representative features. Various convolutional neural network architectures have been proposed for automatically learning features from images. However, is the current way of configuring the same architecture to learn all the data while ignoring the differences between images the right one? It seems to be contrary to our intuition: it is clear that some images are easier to recognize, and some are harder to recognize. This problem is the gap between the characteristics of the images and the learning features corresponding to specific network structures. Unfortunately, the literature so far lacks an analysis of the two. In this paper, we explore this problem from three aspects: we first build a visual-based evaluation pipeline of scene complexity to characterize the intrinsic differences between images; then, we analyze the relationship between semantic concepts and feature representations, i.e., the scalability and hierarchy of features which the essential elements in CNNs of different architectures, for remote sensing scenes of different complexity; thirdly, we introduce CAM, a visualization method that explains feature learning within neural networks, to analyze the relationship between scenes with different complexity and semantic feature representations. The experimental results show that a complex scene would need deeper and multi-scale features, whereas a simpler scene would need lower and single-scale features. Besides, the complex scene concept is more dependent on the joint semantic representation of multiple objects. Furthermore, we propose the framework of scene complexity prediction for an image and utilize it to design a depth and scale-adaptive model. It achieves higher performance but with fewer parameters than the original model, demonstrating the potential significance of scene complexity.

scholarly journals Lung ultrasound presentation of COVID-19 patients: phenotypes and correlations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Secco ◽  
◽  
Marzia Delorenzo ◽  
Francesco Salinaro ◽  
Caterina Zattera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Interstitial Syndrome ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBedside lung ultrasound (LUS) can play a role in the setting of the SarsCoV2 pneumonia pandemic. To evaluate the clinical and LUS features of COVID-19 in the ED and their potential prognostic role, a cohort of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients underwent LUS upon admission in the ED. LUS score was derived from 12 fields. A prevalent LUS pattern was assigned depending on the presence of interstitial syndrome only (Interstitial Pattern), or evidence of subpleural consolidations in at least two fields (Consolidation Pattern). The endpoint was 30-day mortality. The relationship between hemogasanalysis parameters and LUS score was also evaluated. Out of 312 patients, only 36 (11.5%) did not present lung involvment, as defined by LUS score < 1. The majority of patients were admitted either in a general ward (53.8%) or in intensive care unit (9.6%), whereas 106 patients (33.9%) were discharged from the ED. In-hospital mortality was 25.3%, and 30-day survival was 67.6%. A LUS score > 13 had a 77.2% sensitivity and a 71.5% specificity (AUC 0.814; p < 0.001) in predicting mortality. LUS alterations were more frequent (64%) in the posterior lower fields. LUS score was related with P/F (R2 0.68; p < 0.0001) and P/F at FiO2 = 21% (R2 0.59; p < 0.0001). The correlation between LUS score and P/F was not influenced by the prevalent ultrasound pattern. LUS represents an effective tool in both defining diagnosis and stratifying prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. The correlation between LUS and hemogasanalysis parameters underscores its role in evaluating lung structure and function.

scholarly journals Work-related Injury among Welders Working in Metal Workshops of Dharan Municipality, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Anup Ghimire ◽  
Shyam Sundar Budhathoki ◽  
Surya Raj Niraula ◽  
Abha Shrestha ◽  
Paras K Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Past ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Injuries are a problem worldwide in all occupations. Welders are exposed to many hazards at work resulting in a variety of health problems including injuries at work. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated with injuries among welders in Dharan city of eastern Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 86 welders in Dharan city. Occurrence of injury in past 2 weeks and past 12 months were recorded. Data regarding sociodemographic along with occupational characteristics was collected using semi structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17.Results: All the welders in this study were male with almost half of the welders under the age of 25 years and about a fifth (21.1%) of the welders having received some form of welding training. In the past 12 months, 21.1% of the welders suffered from work related injuries. More than 95% welders used at least one personal protective equipment in this study. More injuries were seen among welders with age ≥35 years, working experience ≥ 5 years, not received training and not using of PPE at work. However, these factors were not found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Work related injuries are high among welders of Dharan. Further research is required to explore the relationship between age, literacy, training and use of personal protective equipment with the occurrence of injuries among the welders.

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