scholarly journals On Conflicts between Pharmaceutical Patent Protection and the Right to Life and Health Based on a Stackelberg Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1119
Author(s):  
Chunming Xu ◽  
Debao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patent ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Excess Profit

To solve the conflict between pharmaceutical patent protection and the right to life, health and increased patient satisfaction, drug prices can be regulated by levying an excess profit tax. An optimal tax strategy was formulated that not only could lower drug prices and improve public health and welfare, but also considers companies’ earnings. The strategy was based on the Stackelberg game theory as a bi-level mathematical model. In the model, the government is the leader, with patient satisfaction as the main goal, and pharmaceutical companies are the followers, with maximum drug revenue as the goal. The results show that under the premise of ensuring sufficient incentives for patent holders, the optimized tax on excess profit can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of pharmaceutical patent protection, alleviate the failure of market regulation of drug prices, improve patient satisfaction, and increase total social welfare.

Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution: Could it include ‘Right to Sanitation’?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Sanitation Facility ◽  
Supreme Court Of India ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Long before India gained independence, M.K. Gandhi remarked that the availability of Sanitation facility is more important than gaining Independence for an Indian. Of late, it is now increasingly felt and realized in India that facilities like toilet, safe drinking water, accompanied by good hygienic conditions are fundamental necessities of a person. These are prerequisites of social and economic justice and genuine development. The Supreme Court of India in one judgement held that Right to life and personal liberty, should include right to privacy and human dignity etc. Despite that it has been an admitted shame that India still has the largest number of people defecating in open in the world. There are reported incidences of rape and murder of women in many places in India as women rely on open field for attending to the call of nature in morning and evening. The attempts like Community toi-let system, pay-and-use toilet system and schemes like ‘Mo Swabhiman -Mo Paikhana’ have been found to be less effective. In this connection the ‘Clean India Mission’ campaign launched by the Government of India in 2014 has been regarded as a right approach in that direction. Government of the day is actively considering the demand to convert the Right to Sanitation from a developmental right to a fundamental right. It would make the state more accountable and responsible. Against this background, the paper argues that spending huge money on that would yield good dividend in future for the country.

scholarly journals RIGHT TO FOOD FOR ALL IN INDIA: MYTH OR REALITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
Grishma Soni ◽  
Prachi V. Motiyani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

As we all know that food is the basic Human necessity, without which no one can survive. Making food available for all the people in the world is now days becoming a complex issue. The availability food is decreasing as a result of increase in population that will result in food insecurity or malnutrition. Indian constitution interprets the right to food as part of right to life, which is fundamental human right. Change in climate, the impact of globalization, Global Warming, Carbon dioxide emission from fuel etc. also affects the right to food of many people. This paper examines the situation prevailing in India and looks into the obligations and initiatives by the government of India to ensure Right to Food and make suggestions for addressing the issue and examines the possible way to make the scheme workable to achieve food security.

Neither Civilian nor Combatant: Weaponised Spaces and Spatialised Bodies in Cizre

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Haydar Darıcı ◽  
Serra Hakyemez
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Government ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Kurdish Conflict ◽  
Self Defence

What kind of work does the categorical distinction between combatant and civilian do in the interplay of the necropolitics and biopower of the Turkish state? This paper focuses on a time period (2015-2016) in the history of the Kurdish conflict when that distinction was no longer operable as the war tactics of the Kurdish movement shifted from guerrilla attacks of hit and run in the mountains to the self-defence of residents in urban centres. It reveals the limit of inciting compassion through the figure of civilian who is assumed to entertain a pre-political life that is directed towards mere survival. It also shows how the government reconstructs the dead bodies using forensics and technoscience in order to portray what is considered by Kurdish human rights organizations civilians as combatants exercising necroresistance. As long as the civilian-combatant distinction remains and serves as the only episteme of war to defend the right to life, the state is enabled to entertain not only the right to kill, but also to turn the dead into the perpetrators of their own killing. Finally, this paper argues that law and violence, on the one hand, and the right to life and the act of killing on the other, are not two polar opposites but are mutually constitutive of each other in the remaking of state sovereignty put in crisis by the Kurdish movement's self-defence practices.

scholarly journals GELANDANGAN DALAM KERANGKENG RANCANGAN KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Amir
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

This study is based on the polemic that occurred due to the Bill on the Penalty of Homeless People, which seemed to make them a social disease and curb and discriminate against them. This research is presented with a doctrinal law research method, namely the research carried out is descriptive-analytical, namely describing, analyzing, concluding the problem which is the object of research and is expected to be able to explain, find, and describe government studies in the formation of law in Indonesia and does not violate the right to life. people. Therefore it can be concluded that a serious role for the government is needed in overcoming the problem of poverty in Indonesia, not only as a metaphor, while the problem of poverty dominates the prevalence of homelessness in Indonesia. a review of the criminalization of the homeless as regulated in Article 505 of the Criminal Code, where the implementation of the regulation is effective and the number of homeless people in Indonesia, especially in big cities in Indonesia is still large.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Form and the Human Conceptus

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Ashley K. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Very Old ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Precept ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Human rights are not a privilege conferred by the government They are every human being's entitlement by virtue of his humanity. The right to life does not depend, and must not be declared to be contingent, on the pleasure of anyone else, not even a parent or sovereign … I have no new teaching for America. I seek only to recall you to faithfulness to what you once taught the world Your nation was founded on the proposition — very old as a moral precept, but startling and innovative as political insight — that human life is a gift of immeasurable worth, and that it deserves, always and everywhere, to be treated with the utmost dignity and respect — Mother Theresa of Calcutta (1994) 1

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF PATENT RIGHTS IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ega yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Privately Owned

AbstractIntellectual Property Rights are rights derived from the work, initiative and creativity in the form of a real man. Intellectual Property rights consist of privately owned property and Industry. Patents are part of Intellectual Property Rights in Industry. Patents are granted the right of the government and is exclusive. Exclusive rights of patent holders is the production of a patented item, usage and sales of goods and deeds relating to the import and sale of such goods store. Legal protection of intellectual property rights in the patent field ketetentuan regulated in Law Number 14 of 2001. In chapter 8, paragraph (1) time protection for 20 years from the date of receipt and can not be extended. And Article 9 set period of patent protection for simple for 10 (ten) years and can not be extended. Protection of intellectual property rights is no guarantee to the public to respect the right of initiative and the reaction and to provide protection will upload their work. The higher appreciation of the intellectual property rights of a nation then the future will be better.

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF WEALTH RIGHTS INTELLECTUAL IN PATENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fadel Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Privately Owned

AbstractIntellectual Property Rights are rights derived from the work, initiative and creativity in the form of a real man. Intellectual Property rights consist of privately owned property and Industry. Patents are part of Intellectual Property Rights in Industry. Patents are granted the right of the government and is exclusive. Exclusive rights of patent holders is the production of a patented item, usage and sales of goods and deeds relating to the import and sale of such goods store. Legal protection of intellectual property rights in the patent field ketetentuan regulated in Law Number 14 of 2001. In chapter 8, paragraph (1) time protection for 20 years from the date of receipt and can not be extended. And Article 9 set period of patent protection for simple for 10 (ten) years and can not be extended. Protection of intellectual property rights is no guarantee to the public to respect the right of initiative and the reaction and to provide protection will upload their work. The higher appreciation of the intellectual property rights of a nation then the future will be better. Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights, Patent Protection

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF PATENT RIGHTS IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ega yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Privately Owned

AbstractIntellectual Property Rights are rights derived from the work, initiative and creativity in the form of a real man. Intellectual Property rights consist of privately owned property and Industry. Patents are part of Intellectual Property Rights in Industry. Patents are granted the right of the government and is exclusive. Exclusive rights of patent holders is the production of a patented item, usage and sales of goods and deeds relating to the import and sale of such goods store. Legal protection of intellectual property rights in the patent field ketetentuan regulated in Law Number 14 of 2001. In chapter 8, paragraph (1) time protection for 20 years from the date of receipt and can not be extended. And Article 9 set period of patent protection for simple for 10 (ten) years and can not be extended. Protection of intellectual property rights is no guarantee to the public to respect the right of initiative and the reaction and to provide protection will upload their work. The higher appreciation of the intellectual property rights of a nation then the future will be better.

scholarly journals ETIKA PENYADAPAN OLEH KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI DALAM HAK ASASI MANUSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugeng Widodo ◽  
Mufidah Mufidah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The rise of corruption cases certainly forces the government to prevent corrupt measures, the wiretapping in Indonesia by the KPK, also in terms of tackling other criminal acts. So of course there is Ethics, Ethics so far has not been touched by the KPK because in conducting wiretapping it is only limited to following the laws and regulations even though in regard to laws and regulations there should be ethics that must be maintained to guarantee the right to life of one's privacy. The research method used in this study is the qualitative research method with the type of library research library research, using the statutory approach, and theories (conceptual approach), and the Case Approach (doctrinal approach) which is examined through various literatures relating to the regulation of privacy rights, also relating to the regulation of wiretapping of the KPK.Keywords: Ethics, Wiretapping by the KPK, Wiretapping in the Human Rights PerspectiveMaraknya kasus korupsi tentu memaksa pemerintah terhadap langkah-langkah preventive koruptor, maka penyadapan di Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh KPK, juga dalam hal menanggulangi tindakan-tindakan kriminal lainnya. Maka tentu ada Etika, Etika selama ini belum tersentuh oleh KPK karena dalam melakukan penyadapan hanya sebatas mengikuti peraturan perundang-undangan, padahal berkenaan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan seharusnya ada etika yang harus dijaga untuk menjamin hak kehidupan privasi seseorang. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan ( library research), menggunakan Pendekatan Perundang-undangan (statutory approach), dan Teori-teori (conceptual approach), serta Pendekatan Kasus (doktrinal approach) yang diteliti melalui berbagai literatur yang berkaitan dengan pengaturan hak-hak privasi, juga berkaitan dengan pengaturan penyadapan KPK.  Kata Kunci :  Etika, Penyadapan oleh KPK, Penyadapan dalam Presfektif  HAM   

scholarly journals Overpowering the law enforcing agency and human rights challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Ahsan Ullah ◽  
Lutfunnessa Sagor
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research seeks to explore and understand the extent of human rights is violated by an elite force in Bangladesh. The constitutional right to life should not be derogated or suspended, and no person should be stripped of his or her basic human rights. (Number) of victims and human rights activists were recruited via snowball sampling and in-depth interviews were conducted. Secondary data was obtained via daily newspapers, magazines and bulletins published by various human rights organizations in Bangladesh. This is due to the elite force ignoring the existing constitutional guarantee of the right to life. The participants views were that the government has to ensure human rights are maintained. It should limit the jurisdiction of the elite force and conform to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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