scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Relationship between Water Resources and Economic Development in Rural China from a Poverty Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
Zhaorunqing Liu ◽  
Wenxin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Research Findings

Guaranteeing sustainable development is a pressing issue in China. To this end, balancing economic development and the protection of limited water resources enables healthy and orderly economic development. This study details the application of a water poverty index and sustainable livelihoods approach using 25 indicators to evaluate the water situation and the economic situation in rural China from 1997 to 2019. The analysis results suggest the need for location-specific policy interventions. In addition, we determined whether the water poverty and economic poverty or their spatial types featured the phenomenon of agglomeration. This study also proposes a harmonious development (HD) model and found a significant relationship between water poverty and economic poverty. Next, we adopted a spatial and temporal perspective to analyze the causes of variation in HD level using the modified Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) model and defined four HD levels using a classification method. The results revealed that the overall HD level was higher in the east than in the west. In conclusion, water poverty is associated with economic poverty; thus, there is a need for water and economic assistance strategies in pro-poor policies. The research findings also serve as a theoretical foundation for policies aimed at resolving conflicts between water use and economic development in rural China.

scholarly journals Application of a revised Water Poverty Index to target the water poor

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Giné Garriga ◽  
A. Pérez Foguet
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Index Construction ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The Water Poverty Index (WPI) has been recognized as a useful tool in policy analysis. The index integrates various physical, social and environmental aspects to enable more holistic assessment of water resources. However, soundness of this tool relies on two complementary aspects: (i) inadequate techniques employed in index construction would produce unreliable results, and (ii) poor dissemination of final outcome would reduce applicability of the index to influence policy-making. From a methodological point of view, a revised alternative to calculate the index was developed in a previous study. This paper is therefore concerned not with the method employed in index construction, but with how the composite can be applied to support decision-making processes. In particular, the paper examines different approaches to exploit the index as a policy tool. A number of alternatives to disseminate achieved results are presented. The implications of applying the composite at different spatial scales are highlighted. Turkana District, in Kenya has been selected as initial case study to test the applicability and validity of the index. The paper concludes that the WPI approach provides a relevant tool for guiding appropriate action and policy-making towards more equitable allocation of water resources.

Multidimensional analysis of the water-poverty nexus using a modified Water Poverty Index: a case study from Jordan

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem Jemmali ◽  
Lina Abu-Ghunmi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Issues ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Water as a strategic natural resource is of fundamental importance for human development, prosperity, and poverty alleviation. Over the last three decades, Jordan's water resources have been severely degraded, threatening the livelihoods of countless people, particularly in rural and poor communities. The inadequate provision of water-related facilities has contributed to the rapid decline in quantity and degradation of quality in these communities. This study depicts the theoretical foundations and development of a water-focused and thematic indicator of poverty, which allow a comprehensive understanding of the crosscutting nature of water issues and impacts. It is with this in mind that a modified Water Poverty Index (mWPI) is developed herein to exemplify the utilization of the index, and to test its applicability and validity at the Jordanian governorate's level. The results show that water poverty fluctuates broadly between northern and southern regions suggesting a need for location-specific management plans and more targeted policy interventions. Overall, the mWPI, as a holistic tool, can assist decision-makers and other stakeholders in achieving sustainability and can be used to communicate the progress of sustainability to the wider community.

Application of the Water Poverty Index at the Districts of Yellow River Basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 3469-3474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Jun Wan ◽  
Jie Lin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Poverty Index

As one assessment method of the water resources, Water Poverty Index has become an available tool in water resources management for it simply calculation process, comprehensive understanding of the results. This paper introduces the concept of the Water Poverty Index, and applies it at these districts of Yellow River Basin by using equal weightings methodology. During the process of calculating it, some component variables of the WPI have been improved and the data addressed standardization. The result shows that the water resources of Shandong is safe, Sichuan and Henan province is middling safe and low safe, while the WPI of the other six provinces is so low which reflects water resources shortage is very severe. The same time, this paper analysis the main reasons of water poverty, which provides the access to improve the water resource management in these districts.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of water stress and application of water poverty index in the Mahakali River Basin, Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Lalit Pathak ◽  
Ramesh Raj Pant ◽  
Udhab Raj Khadka ◽  
Jharana Nepal ◽  
Sudip Poudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers ◽  
Water Poverty Index

Water Poverty Index (WPI) is an effective tool to assess water stress by linking physical approximations of water availability with socioeconomic drivers of poverty at household and community levels. It also helps in determining the priority needs for interventions and makes the better use of water resources without compromising the environmental integrity at the policy level. This study presents a comparative analysis of WPI to assess the water stress in two local units i.e., Mahakali Municipality-4 (Upstream) and Bhimdatt Municipality-13 (Downstream) of the Darchula and Kanchanpur districts, respectively along the Mahakali River Basin (MRB), Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal. Five components, i.e., resource availability, use of resources, capacity to utilize water sources, accessibility to water sources, and environment were applied to appraisal the water poverty. Under these components, 28 indicators were selected to visualize the water poverty condition. The information for acquiring these indicators was collected by making the field visit, semi-structured questionnaire survey, and secondary information from relevant sources. The results showed that the downstream segment has a higher WPI value (65.43) in comparison to the upstream segment (52.60) of the MRB, indicating relatively water-advantaged and stressed situations in down- and up-streams, respectively. Interestingly, despite having higher resource availability, the upstream region exhibited more stressed situations reflecting spatial heterogeneity in terms of capacity, environmental conditions, and infrastructure development to use the available water resources. Thus, in order to reduce the water stress conditions, priorities for intervention must be given to the water use capacity, especially in the upstream segment of the MRB. This study could be useful for academia and policymakers for the sustainable use of water resources in the MRB, Susurpaschim Province, Nepal.

scholarly journals Synergetic Relationship between Urban and Rural Water Poverty: Evidence from Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxin Liu ◽  
Minjuan Zhao ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Weinan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Resource Conflicts ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Combining the measurement of urban and rural areas to link water and poverty provides a new insight into the fields of water resources management and poverty alleviation. Owing to rapid urban development, water resource conflicts between urban and rural areas are gettingbecoming more intensified and more complex. This study details the application of a water poverty index (WPI) using 26 indicators to evaluate urban and rural water poverty in northwest China during the period 2000–2017. This study also analyzes temporal variations of urban and rural water poverty by the kernel density estimation (KDE). We found that the level of water poverty is gradually declining over time and the improvements in urban and rural areas are not harmonious. Additionally, it applies the synergic theory to analyze the relationships between urban and rural water poverty. The correspondence analysis between urban and rural water poverty is significant because of the synergic level results. The results show that there are four primary types in northwest China: synchronous areas, urban-priority areas, rural-priority areas, and conflict areas, and their evolution stages. The results suggest the need for location-specific policy interventions. Furthermore, we put forward corresponding countermeasures. The research findings also provide a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of urban and rural water poverty, and a regional strategy to relieve conflict between urban and rural water poverty.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Water Resources in the Taiwan Strait Island Using the Water Poverty Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung-Tsan Chen ◽  
Wei-Ling Hsu ◽  
Wen-Kuang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

Water resources are a very important issue in the Global Risk 2015 published by the World Economic Forum. The research objective of this study was to construct a Water Poverty Index (WPI) for islands. The empirical scope of this study was based on Kinmen Island in the Taiwan Strait, which has very scarce water resources. Kinmen has a dry climate with low rainfall and high evaporation. Therefore, the Kinmen area is long-term dependent on groundwater resources and faces serious water resource problems. This study used the WPI to examine various issues related to water resources. In addition, this study selected several main indicators and performed time series calculations to examine the future trends of water resources in Kinmen. The results show that the overall water resources of Kinmen are scarce. To ensure sustainable development of water resources in Kinmen, policies to improve water scarcity, such as water resource development, water storage improvement, and groundwater control, should be researched. The research results of this study can be used as a reference for government agencies in formulating and revising water resources to achieve the sustainable development of island-type water resources.

Application of Water Poverty Index in the Evaluation of Regional Water Resources Utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2556-2560
Author(s):  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Ying Na Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Forest Coverage ◽  
Internal Relationship ◽  
Regional Water ◽  
Water Resources Utilization

It is important to build the accurate internal relationship between the utilization degree of water resources and parameters of local economy in the evaluation of regional water resources utilization. Water poverty index (WPI) can solve this question properly. The WPI of every three years during 2000-2009 of Harbin is calculated by using weighted average method. The results show that WPI appears in an increasing trend during past 10 years in Harbin. If the following aspects can be improved in the future including controlling the pesticide and fertilizer, reducing water loss and soil erosion, increasing forest coverage, irrigation efficiency and investment in hydraulic construction, the utilization rate of water resources will be further improved.

scholarly journals The Role of Technology in Greenhouse Agriculture: Towards a Sustainable Intensification in Campo de Dalías (Almería, Spain)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Mendoza-Fernández ◽  
Araceli Peña-Fernández ◽  
Luis Molina ◽  
Pedro A. Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Campo de Dalías, located in southeastern Spain, is the greatest European exponent of greenhouse agriculture. The development of this type of agriculture has led to an exponential economic development of one of the poorest areas of Spain, in a short period of time. Simultaneously, it has brought about a serious alteration of natural resources. This article will study the temporal evolution of changes in land use, and the exploitation of groundwater. Likewise, this study will delve into the technological development in greenhouses (irrigation techniques, new water resources, greenhouse structures or improvement in cultivation techniques) seeking a sustainable intensification of agriculture under plastic. This sustainable intensification also implies the conservation of existing natural areas.

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