scholarly journals A Two-Stage DEA Model to Evaluate the Technical Eco-Efficiency Indicator in the EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3038
Author(s):  
Victor Moutinho ◽  
Mara Madaleno
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
The Eu

This paper evaluates the evolution of eco-efficiency for the 27 European Union (EU) countries over the period 2008–2018, provided the traditional high concerns of the EU concerning the economic growth-environmental performance relationship. The EU has triggered several initiatives and regulations regarding environmental protection over the years, but as well the Sustainable Development Goals demand it. Under this setting, we conduct a two-stage analysis, which computes eco-efficiency scores in the first stage for each of the pairs EU 27-year, through the nonparametric method data envelopment analysis (DEA), considering the ratio GDP per capita and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In the second stage, scores are used as a dependent variable in the proposed fractional regression model (FRM), whose determinants considered were eight pollutants (three greenhouse gases and five atmospheric pollutants). CO2/area and N2O/area effects are negative and significant, improving the eco-efficiency of the EU 27 countries. When the efficient European countries are excluded from the estimations, the results evidence that CO2/area and CH4/area decrease the DEA score. The country with the lowest GHG emissions and pollutant gases was Ireland, being the country within the considered period that mostly reduced emissions, particularly SOx and PM10, increasing its score.

Assessment of the similarity of the eu countries in the process of sustainable development in the context of agenda 2030 goals

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(13)) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Emília Huttmanová ◽  
Tomáš Valentiny ◽  
Roman Novotný
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Eu

Sustainability ideas are implemented in almost all areas of life, not only into the economic and social life. However, the ways to sustainable development quantifying are still relatively complicated and incomplete. One of the possibilities of assessment and achievement of sustainable development and sustainability can be considered assessment using the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) presented in Agenda 2030. The aim of the paper is to assess the similarity of the EU countries in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals according to 2030 Agenda.

scholarly journals Analysis of Similarities Between the European Union Countries in Terms of Sustainable Energy and Climate Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tutak
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Energy and climate issues are an essential part of the sustainable development process of the EU countries. They are also one of the primary objectives of international policy, as evidenced by their inclusion in Agenda 2030, adopted by the UN in 2015 among the Sustainable Development Goals. The implementation of these goals is also taking place in the EU countries. Although climate protection and energy transition activities have been undertaken in the EU for years, individual countries significantly vary in this regard. The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in this paper, was to analyze similarities between the EU countries in terms of sustainable energy and climate development. The analysis was conducted for all EU countries, based on 14 indicators characterizing energy and climate sustainability, in energy, climate, social and economic dimensions. Kohonen’s artificial neural networks were used for analysis. The research was conducted for data from the period between 2009-2018. The results showed that in the studied period (10 years), significant differences were found between the EU countries. A high level of energy and climate development was reported for Sweden, Denmark, Austria and France, among other states, and a low level for e.g., the Czech Republic, Poland and Bulgaria.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SAVING AND LOAN COOPERATIVES IN GERBANGKERTASUSILA, EAST JAVA PROVINCE: A TWO-STAGE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Atik Purmiyati
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Savings And Loans ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
External Capital ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this research is to assess the level of technical efficiency of the Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSP) in Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Lamongan (Gerbangkertasusila), Indonesia, and to identify the factors that influence the level of technical efficiency of the Savings and Loans Cooperative in Gerbangkertasusila. Two Stage Analysis that used are Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit regression. Variables are used in the DEA as output, specifically the remainder of the cooperative’s business (SHU), whereas input includes the number of members, own capital, number of employees, and business volume. The second stage involves analyzing the determinants of technical efficiency using Tobit regression, with the independent variables being cooperative age, external capital, assets, and managers. The results showed that the average level of technical efficiency of the KSP was 60.4 percent, with 16 KSP being the most efficient. Meanwhile, the Tobit regression results show that simultaneously the variables have an influence on the level of technical efficiency of the KSP. Partially the cooperative age and external capital variables have no significant effect on savings and loan cooperatives, while asset and managers have a significant positive effect on the level of technical efficiency of savings and loan cooperatives.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Implementation of Cohesion Policy on the Sustainable Development of EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Pîrvu ◽  
Cristian Drăgan ◽  
Gheorghe Axinte ◽  
Sorin Dinulescu ◽  
Mihaela Lupăncescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Data ◽  
The Eu

The impact of implementation of cohesion policy on the sustainable development of EU countries is of great interest and presents a number of actual challenges. This research aims to evaluate the impact and the effects of the cohesion policy among the Member States using hierarchical clustering analysis in order to identify how the selected variables affect the sustainable development adopted models. The variables used in the analysis were selected on the basis of official data provided by the European Commission, SDG Index and Dashboards Reports and the EU Cohesion Monitor. The results of the research have led to the grouping of the 28 Member States in a number of six clusters, identifying performers but also those countries that have a high potential for sustainable development or which require increased attention to be sustained in recovering existing gaps. The results of the study can be a starting point for policy makers and other stakeholders involved in their efforts to support sustainable development through effective and effective policies.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Dependence of GHG Emissions on the Support and Taxes in the EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7650
Author(s):  
Astrida Miceikienė ◽  
Kristina Gesevičienė ◽  
Daiva Rimkuvienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

The reduction of GHG emissions is one of the priorities of the EU countries. The majority of studies show that financial support and environmental taxes are one of the most effective measures for the mitigation of the negative consequences of climate change. The EU countries employ different environmental support measures and environmental taxes to reduce GHG emissions. There is a shortage of new studies on these measures. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of the environmental support measures of the EU countries with the effectiveness of environmental taxes in relation to the reduction of GHG emissions. This study is characterized by the broad scope of its data analysis and its systematic approach to the EU’s environmental policy measures. An empirical study was performed for the EU countries with the aim of addressing this research problem and substantiating theoretical insights. A total of 27 EU member states from 2009 to 2018 were selected as research samples. The research is based on a cause-and-effect relationship, where the factors affecting environmental pollution (environmental taxes and subsidies) are the cause, and GHG emissions are the effect. Statistical research methods were used in the empirical study: descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), simple regression and cluster analysis. The results show that the older member countries of the EU, which had directed the financial measures of environmental policy towards a reduction in energy consumption, managed to achieve a greater reduction in GHG emissions compared to the countries which had not applied those measures. The Central and Eastern European countries are characterized by lower environmental taxes and lower expenditure allocated to environmental protection. The countries with a higher GDP per capita have greater GHG emissions that the countries with lower GDP per capita. This is associated with greater consumption, waste, and energy consumption. The study conducted gives rise to a discussion regarding data sufficiency in the assessment and forecasting of GHG emissions and their environmental consequences.

Benchmarking the efficiencies of Indonesia’s municipal water utilities using Stackelberg data envelopment analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wibowo ◽  
Hans Wilhelm Alfen
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Restrictive Assumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a yardstick efficiency comparison of 269 Indonesian municipal water utilities (MWUs) and measures the impact of exogenous environmental variables on efficiency scores. Design/methodology/approach – Two-stage Stackelberg leader-follower data envelopment analysis (DEA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed. Findings – Given that serviceability was treated as the leader and profitability as the follower, the first and second stage DEA scores were 55 and 32 percent (0 percent = totally inefficient, 100 percent = perfectly efficient), respectively. This indicates sizeable opportunities for improvement, with 39 percent of the total sample facing serious problems in both first- and second-stage efficiencies. When profitability instead leads serviceability, this results in more decreased efficiency. The size of the population served was the most important exogenous environmental variable affecting DEA efficiency scores in both the first and second stages. Research limitations/implications – The present study was limited by the overly restrictive assumption that all MWUs operate at a constant-return-to-scale. Practical implications – These research findings will enable better management of the MWUs in question, allowing their current level of performance to be objectively compared with that of their peers, both in terms of scale and area of operation. These findings will also help the government prioritize assistance measures for MWUs that are suffering from acute performance gaps, and to devise a strategic national plan to revitalize Indonesia’s water sector. Originality/value – This paper enriches the body of knowledge by filling in knowledge gaps relating to benchmarking in Indonesia’s water industry, as well as in the application of ensemble two-stage DEA and ANN, which are still rare in the literature.

scholarly journals Strategies for Datacenters Participating in Demand Response by Two-Stage Decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yuling Li ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Peicong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Demand Response Programs

Modern smart grids have proposed a series of demand response (DR) programs and encourage users to participate in them with the purpose of maintaining reliability and efficiency so as to respond to the sustainable development of demand-side management. As a large load of the smart grid, a datacenter could be regarded as a potential demand response participant. Encouraging datacenters to participate in demand response programs can help the grid to achieve better load balancing effect, while the datacenter can also reduce its own power consumption so as to save electricity costs. In this paper, we designed a demand response participation strategy based on two-stage decisions to reduce the total cost of the datacenter while considering the DR requirements of the grid. The first stage determines whether to participate in demand response by predicting real-time electricity prices of the power grid and incentive information will be sent to encourage users to participate in the program to help shave the peak load. In the second stage, the datacenter interacts with its users by allowing users to submit bid information by reverse auction. Then, the datacenter selects the tasks of the winning users to postpone processing them with awards. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy could help the datacenter to reduce its cost and effectively meet the demand response requirements of the smart grid at the same time.

scholarly journals Sustainability Indicators and Environmental Safety Management as Illustrated with an Example of the Polish Energy Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Skrodzka ◽  
Olga Kiriliuk
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Eu

AbstractPower engineering is one of the key areas of sustainable development. Many countries create new concepts of environmental safety management and modify their energy systems to be in line with the goals of sustainable development in the EU. Sustainable development indicators can be a tool for monitoring the set goals of environmental safety management. The aim of the article is to assess the environmental safety management of the energy sector in Poland in relation to EU as well as presenting the concept of sustainable energy development and indicators used to assess the development of energy in the following dimensions: social, economic and ecological. The indicators used to assess the sustainable development of energy in the following dimensions were compared: sustainable consumption and production, marking the production and consumption of energy; organizations and sites with eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS); registration climate change, marking GHG emissions and the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption; sustainable transport, marking the energy consumption of transport relative to GDP. The article will test the hypothesis that the structure of obtaining energy in Poland and the tempo of change in this respect differ from the EU average.

scholarly journals How Is Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Measured? Comparing Four Approaches for the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7675
Author(s):  
Guillaume Lafortune ◽  
Grayson Fuller ◽  
Guido Schmidt-Traub ◽  
Christian Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Eu

Evidence-based policymaking must be rooted in sound data to inform policy priorities, budget allocations, and tracking of progress. This is especially true in the case of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as they provide the policy framework that all 193 UN member states have pledged to achieve by 2030. Good data and clear metrics are critical for each country to take stock of where it stands, devise pathways for achieving the goals, and track progress. Current assessments of the EU’s performance on the SDGs, however, tend to reach different findings and policy conclusions on where the priorities for further action lie, which can be confusing for researchers and policymakers. In order to demystify the drivers of such differences and make them transparent, this paper compares and contrasts the results obtained by four SDG monitoring approaches. We identify three main elements that are responsible for most of the differences: (i) the use of pre-defined targets for calculating baseline assessments and countries’ trajectories; (ii) the inclusion of measures that track not only domestic performance, but also the EU’s transboundary impacts on the rest of the world; and (iii) the use of non-official statistics to bridge data gaps, especially for biodiversity goals. This paper concludes that there is not one “correct” way of providing an assessment of whether the EU and EU member states are on track to achieve the goals, but we illustrate how the different results are the outcomes of certain methodological choices. More “forward-looking” policy trackers are needed to assess implementation efforts on key SDG transformations.

scholarly journals The (un)successful EU Environmental Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Rafael Leite Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Environmental Action ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Action Programme ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Eu

The EU asserts itself as a leader when it comes to climate change policy. In this article, we analyze the EU’s environmental action regarding the 7th Environmental Action Programme 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) 2030 set by the UN. We synthesise the successes and failures of the EU’s environmental policy in the fields of emissions reduction, circular economy, biodiversity, energy policy and agricultural policy, with the goal of understanding where the EU is lacking and what, therefore, needs stronger measures to reach international goals and avoid an environmental catastrophe. We conclude that the EU will not reach most environmental targets set for 2020 and in order to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, what changes need to be implemented to ensure stronger environmental measures.

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