scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Labor Market in the United States: Lower Paid Workers Experienced Higher Vulnerability and Slower Recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3894
Author(s):  
Neeraj Bhandari ◽  
Kavita Batra ◽  
Soumya Upadhyay ◽  
Christopher Cochran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Physical Mobility ◽  
Future Events

The resilience of the healthcare industry, often considered recession-proof, is being tested by the COVID-19 induced reductions in physical mobility and restrictions on elective and non-emergent medical procedures. We assess early COVID-19 effects on the dynamics of decline and recovery in healthcare labor markets in the United States. Descriptive analyses with monthly cross-sectional data on unemployment rates, employment, labor market entry/exit, and weekly work hours among healthcare workers in each healthcare industry and occupation, using the Current Population Survey from July 2019−2020 were performed. We found that unemployment rates increased dramatically for all healthcare industries, with the strongest early impacts on dentists’ offices (41.3%), outpatient centers (10.5%), physician offices (9.5%), and home health (7.8%). Lower paid workers such as technologists/technicians (10.5%) and healthcare aides (12.6%) were hit hardest and faced persistently high unemployment, while nurses (4%), physicians/surgeons (1.4%), and pharmacists (0.7%) were spared major disruptions. Unique economic vulnerabilities faced by low-income healthcare workers may need to be addressed to avoid serious disruptions from future events similar to COVID-19.

School Hopscotch: A Comprehensive Review of K–12 Student Mobility in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transition Costs ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Changing Schools

This article provides an integrative review of the extant literature on K–12 student mobility in the United States. Student mobility is a widespread phenomenon with significant policy implications. Changing schools is most prevalent among minority and low-income students in urban school districts. There is an ongoing debate about whether student mobility is helpful or harmful. Earlier research compared movers with nonmovers using cross-sectional data and did not always include controls for the students’ prior achievement and demographic characteristics. Studies in the past decade compared movers with themselves over time using longitudinal data and provided more convincing estimates. Overall, switching schools is associated with a negative impact on students’ educational outcomes; however, transferring to higher quality schools may offset and outweigh the transition costs of moving. Strong causal claims are elusive due to considerable data and methodological challenges and the inability to account for the motivating reasons for changing schools.

Food Insecurity and Depression among Low-Income Adults in the United States: Does Diet Diversity Play a Role? Findings from the 2013-14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Marie-Rachelle Narcisse Jean-Louis ◽  
Holly C. Felix ◽  
Christopher R. Long ◽  
Emily S. English ◽  
Mary M. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
National Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Health And Nutrition

ABSTRACT Objective Food insecurity is associated with a greater risk of depression among low-income adults in the United States. Members of food-insecure households have lower diet diversity than their food-secure counterparts. This study examined whether diet diversity moderates the association between food insecurity and depression. Design Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine independent associations between food insecurity and depression, between diet diversity and depression, and the moderating effect of diet diversity in the food insecurity-depression link. Setting Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-14). Participants 2,636 low-income adults aged 18 years and older. Results There was a positive association between food insecurity and depression among low-income adults. Diet diversity was not associated with depression. Diet diversity had a moderating effect on the association between food insecurity and depression among low-income adults Conclusion Food insecurity is independently associated with depression among low-income adults in the United States. However, this association differs across levels of diet diversity. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the role diet diversity may play in the pathway between food insecurity and depression.

Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Workers in the United States, 1989-2002

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances J. Walker ◽  
James A. Singleton ◽  
Pengjun Lu ◽  
Karen G. Wooten ◽  
Raymond A. Strikas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Objectives.We sought to estimate influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States during 1989-2002 and to identify factors associated with vaccination in this group. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends annual influenza vaccination for HCWs to reduce transmission of influenza to patients at high risk for serious complications of influenza.Design.Analysis of cross-sectional data from 1989-2002 surveys conducted by the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The outcome measure was self-reported influenza vaccination in the past 12 months. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of 2002 NHIS data.Setting.Household interviews conducted during 1989-2002, weighted to reflect the noninstitutionalized, civilian US population.Participants.Adults aged 18 years or older participated in the study. A total of 2,089 were employed in healthcare occupations or settings in 2002, and 17,160 were employed in nonhealthcare occupations or settings.Results.The influenza vaccination rate among US HCWs increased from 10.0% in 1989 to 38.4% in 2002, with no significant change since 1997. In a multivariate model that included data from the 2002 NHIS, factors associated with a higher rate of influenza vaccination among HCWs aged 18-64 years included age of 50 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.1), hospital employee status (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9), 1 or more visits to the office of a healthcare professional in the past 12 months (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2), receipt of employer-provided health insurance (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1), a history of pneumococcal vaccination (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.5-6.1), and history of hepatitis B vaccination (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4). Non-Hispanic black persons were less likely to be vaccinated (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9) than non-Hispanic white persons. There were no significant differences in vaccination levels according to HCW occupation category.Conclusions.Influenza immunization among HCWs reached a plateau during 1997-2002. New strategies are needed to encourage US HCWs to receive influenza vaccination to prevent influenza illness in themselves and transmission of influenza to vulnerable patients.

Fiscal Decentralization, Commitment and Regional Inequality: Evidence from State-level Cross-sectional Data for the United States

2009 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Nobuo Akai ◽  
Masayo Hosio
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Commitment Device

Conventional approaches to fiscal decentralization suggest that decentralization lowers the power of redistribution, but recent theories argue that fiscal decentralization can work as a commitment device. The former effect is argued to cause an increase in inter-county inequality, while the latter suggests a decrease. This article first clarifies the relationship between fiscal decentralization and inter-county inequality by using cross-sectional data for the United States. Our result indicates that the achievement of autonomy by fiscal decentralization in poor (low-income) counties contributes to decreased inter-county inequality, but that this effect is not as large as the dominating adverse effect fiscal decentralization has on rich (highincome) counties.

Faith-Health Collaboration in the United States: Results from a Nationally Representative Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Jacob Steinman ◽  
Athe Bambakidis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Graduate Degree ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose. Estimate the prevalence of and identify characteristics associated with religious congregations' collaboration with health agencies. Design. Cross-sectional analyses of self-report data from the National Congregations Study, a random sample of religious congregations generated from the 1998 General Social Survey. Setting. United States. Subjects. Key informants from 1236 congregations. Each respondent described a single congregation. Measures. Respondents provided open-ended descriptions of congregational programs. Researchers coded program descriptions by content (e.g., domestic violence) and whether the program involved collaboration with a secular agency. Other congregational characteristics (e.g., denomination) were measured by validated measures and linked census tract data. Results. Overall, 11.1% of congregations participated in faith-health collaboration (FHC). Logistic regression analyses found that FHC was more common among congregations with more members, with a small proportion of congregants under 35 years, and with a senior pastor with a graduate degree. Other effects were conditional; for instance, denominational differences varied depending on urban/suburban/rural location and the proportion of low-income members. Conclusion. This study provides the first national estimates of the prevalence of FHC. Such collaborative efforts may require different approaches in different areas. These results can help practitioners identify congregations that may be more willing to collaborate.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM COSTS OF GRANDPARENT CAREGIVING: RESULTS FROM THREE WAVES OF THE MIDLIFE IN THE UNITED STATES STUDY (MIDUS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S797-S798
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rickenbach ◽  
Elizabeth H Rickenbach ◽  
Chih-Chien Huang ◽  
Jessica Y Allen ◽  
Kelly E Cichy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grandparent Caregiving

Abstract Cross-sectional studies reveal the health burden of grandparent caregiving. Still, longitudinal, research is needed to understand how grandparent caregiving compromises grandparents’ long-term health. Using three waves of data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), we examined sociodemographic factors, health and well-being outcomes between caregiving (CG) and non-caregiving (NCG) grandparents. By wave 3, 12.8% (n = 234) were CG. CG were younger, more likely female, and had lower income and education. MANCOVA adjusted for age, gender, education, and number of children revealed CG reported poorer physical and emotional well-being (e.g. higher depression, anxiety, lower life satisfaction, greater morbidity); CG were consistently less healthy than NCG across all three waves. Lower income and less healthy older adults are more likely to become grandparents, and they remain less healthy over time. Policies and resources to assist grandparents, particularly low-income and vulnerable older adults who are caring for grandchildren, are needed.

Perceptions, Experiences, and Outcomes of Lactation Support in the Workplace: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yhenneko J. Taylor ◽  
Victoria C. Scott ◽  
C. Danielle Connor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Business Outcomes ◽  
Employer Perceptions ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Break Time ◽  
Support At Work

Background Despite legislation requiring break time and a private space to express milk, variations exist in accommodations for breastfeeding employees in the United States. Research Aims We aimed to describe employee and employer perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support in the United States and to identify research needed to inform workplace lactation support programs. Methods We searched Academic Search Complete, Business Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycInfo for peer-reviewed articles published from 2009 to 2019 ( n = 1638). We included 27 articles. Studies were categorized into four non-exclusive themes: (a) employee perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support; (b) employer reports of workplace lactation support; (c) association between workplace lactation support and business outcomes; and (d) association between workplace lactation support and breastfeeding outcomes. Results Analyses of associations between lactation support at work and employee breastfeeding outcomes ( n = 14, 52%), and employee perceptions of and experiences with lactation support at work ( n = 14, 52%) were most common, followed by employer reports of lactation support ( n = 3, 11%) and associations between lactation support at work and job satisfaction ( n = 3, 11%). Results indicated that workplace lactation support varied by employer, and that employee perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support varied by demographic and employment characteristics. The use of cross-sectional designs, unvalidated instruments, and limited representation from women with low incomes and minorities were common study limitations. Conclusions More research is needed to learn about experiences of employers and low-income and minority women with workplace lactation support and associations with business-relevant outcomes.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis among Healthcare Workers, United States, 1995–2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1126-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Lambert ◽  
Robert H. Pratt ◽  
Lori R. Armstrong ◽  
Maryam B. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Objective.We examined surveillance data to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States during the period 1995–2007.Design.Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of existing surveillance data.Setting and Participants.TB cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from the 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1995 through 2007.Results.Of the 200,744 reported TB cases in persons 18 years of age or older, 6,049 (3%) occurred in individuals who were classified as HCWs. HCWs with TB were more likely than other adults with TB to be women (unadjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 4.1 [3.8–4.3]), be foreign born (1.3 [1.3–1.4]), have extrapulmonary TB (1.6 [1.5–1.7]), and complete TB treatment (2.5 [2.3–2.8]).Conclusions.Healthcare institutions may benefit from intensifying TB screening of HCWs upon hire, especially persons from countries with a high incidence of TB, and encouraging treatment for latent TB infection among HCWs to prevent progression to TB disease.

scholarly journals The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Abraham D. Flaxman ◽  
Daniel J. Henning ◽  
Herbert C. Duber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exposure Variable ◽  
History Of

Background: Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic and it is essential to monitor the relative incidence rate of this group, as compared to workers in other occupations. This study aimed to produce estimates of the relative incidence ratio between healthcare workers and workers in non-healthcare occupations. Methods: Analysis of cross-sectional data from a daily, web-based survey of 1,822,662 Facebook users from September 8, 2020 to October 20, 2020. Participants were Facebook users in the United States aged 18 and above who were tested for COVID-19 because of an employer or school requirement in the past 14 days. The exposure variable was a self-reported history of working in healthcare in the past four weeks and the main outcome was a self-reported positive test for COVID-19. Results: On October 20, 2020, in the United States, there was a relative COVID-19 incidence ratio of 0.73 (95% UI 0.68 to 0.80) between healthcare workers and workers in non-healthcare occupations. Conclusions: In fall of 2020, in the United States, healthcare workers likely had a lower COVID-19 incidence rate than workers in non-healthcare occupations.

scholarly journals Empirical Issues In Measuring The Returns To Female Labor Market Experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Paul E. Gabriel ◽  
Susanne Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work History ◽  
Labor Market Experience ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
History Information

This paper assesses the empirical properties of two labor market experience measures for female workers in the United States. Our results confirm that the conventional cross-sectional measure of labor market experience, often referred to as potential experience, is an upwardly-biased estimate of the true labor market experience of women -- since women are more likely to experience periods of intermittent labor force participation. This bias yields inconsistent estimates of the returns to female labor market experience. We also present corrected returns to female labor market experience based on longitudinal work history information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document