scholarly journals Sadness and Other Health Complaints among Swedish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3999
Author(s):  
Tide Garnow ◽  
Eva-Lena Einberg ◽  
Anna-Karin Edberg ◽  
Pernilla Garmy
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Health complaints are increasing among adolescents and are recognized as a global public health issue. Health complaints are an indicator for subjective ill-being, but little is known about the relationship between sadness and other health complaints. The aim of this study was to investigate sadness and other health complaints among Swedish adolescents. A survey with a cross-sectional design was completed by adolescents (n = 1489, 15–17 years old) in the south of Sweden. A logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sadness and other health complaints. The result show that sadness and other health complaints were common among adolescents, and sadness was related to health complaints (headache (OR: 1.58), sleeping difficulties (OR: 2.00), reduced appetite (OR: 1.43), tension (OR: 2.44), and concentration difficulties (OR: 2.75)). When adolescents express sadness or other health complaints it is important to reflect on what these complaints are an expression of, and take into account the body as physical and psychological intertwined. This might entail person-centered support that hopefully leads to an improvement in adolescents’ well-being. Future research that profoundly highlights adolescents’ existential health is needed.

scholarly journals Remote Proctored Exam for Proficiency-Testing: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Andreou ◽  
Sanne Peters ◽  
Jan Eggermont ◽  
Johan Wens ◽  
Birgitte Schoenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Supervision ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected assessment practice in higher education including a complex planning of supervision. To organise safely and reliably a remote proficiency-test for admission to the Advanced Master of General Practice (AMGP), we developed a supervisor app tracking and tracing candidates’ behaviour. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted with candidates applying for admission to the AMGP. The supervisor app operated on three levels to register events: recording actions, analysing behaviour, and live supervision. Each suspicious event was given a score. The outcome measures were the number of suspicious events and the exam outcome compared to the past year. To get more insight into candidates’ perceptions about the app, a post-test questionnaire was administered. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to explore quantitative data, while qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results: In total, 472 (79%) candidates used the app in an off campus setting and 121 (20%) were on campus with live supervision. Test results of both groups were comparable. The app detected 22 candidates with a suspicious level >1, mainly due to background noise. All events occurred without fraud purpose. Out of 472 candidates, 304 filled in the post-test questionnaire. Two factors were extracted from the analysis and identified as candidates’ appreciation of the app and as emotional distress because of the app. Four themes were identified in the thematic analysis providing more insight on candidates’ emotional well-being. Conclusions: A supervisor app registering and recording behaviour to prevent fraud during off-campus exams is efficient without influencing the exam outcome. Although candidates’ perceptions were mixed, increased anxiety was due to the lack of clear guidelines about the app. Future research should compare in a controlled design the cost-benefit balance between the supervisor app and candidates’ awareness of being monitored combined with a safe exam browsing plug in.

Determinants of Screen Time Among Children Under Five Years: A Cross Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Raj ◽  
Norliza Ahmad ◽  
Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli ◽  
Zalilah Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Time Future

BACKGROUND Excessive screen time is detrimental to the child’s health. However, screen time situation among Malaysian children is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of screen time among children under five years old using the latest WHO guidelines. METHODS A cross sectional design was used to randomly select 489 children from nine government health clinics. Total screen time and factors were assessed using validated self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Results show an overall prevalence of 91.4% with a median of 3.00 hours (IQR: 1.36-5.04). Majority of children watched television (66%), followed by mobile phones (30%) and computers (4%). The determinants of screen time were Malay ethnicity, (AOR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.65-7.68), parental age of 30 years or more (AOR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.58-6.16), parental screen time exceeding 2 hours a day (AOR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24-4.73), parent’s moderate self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (AOR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.01-5.20) and parent’s positive perception on influence of screen time on child’s cognitive well-being (AOR 1.15, 95% CI:1.01-1.32). CONCLUSIONS Parents played an important role in determining their child’s screen time. Future interventions that focus on the parents may ensure age appropriate screen time for their children.

scholarly journals Why is right-wing media consumption associated with lower compliance with COVID-19 measures?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ponizovskiy ◽  
Lusine Grigoryan ◽  
Wilhelm Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Perceived Consequences ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to right-wing media has been shown to relate to lower perceived threat from COVID-19, lower compliance with prophylactic measures against it, and higher incidence of infection and death. What features of right-wing media messages account for these effects? In a preregistered cross-sectional study (N = 554) we test a model that differentiates perceived consequences of two CDC recommendations—washing hands and staying home—for basic human values. People who consumed more right-wing media perceived these behaviors as less beneficial for their personal security, for the well-being of close ones, and the well-being of society at large. Perceived consequences of following the CDC recommendations mediated the relationship between media consumption and compliance with recommendations. Implications for public health messaging are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Adolescent Rumination and Maternal Rumination, Criticism and Positivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Douglas ◽  
Deirdre Williams ◽  
Shirley Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Observational Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Rumination predicts depression in adults and adolescents. The development of rumination has been linked to parenting practices, but only limited research has investigated this and research has tended to rely on self-report parenting measures. Aims: To investigate the relationship between female adolescent rumination and maternal modelling, criticism and positivity using an observational measure of parental behaviour. Method: A cross-sectional design was used. Daughters aged 16–18 years and their mothers (n = 154 dyads) completed questionnaire measures of rumination and affect. Mothers of girls with rumination scores in the upper and lower quartile (both n = 26) also completed the Five Minute Speech Sample, which was used to measure maternal criticism and positivity. Results: Mothers of low rumination girls made significantly more positive comments about their daughters than the mothers of high ruminators. Mothers made very few critical comments. Self-reported rumination was not correlated in mothers and daughters, suggesting a lack of support for the potential role of modelling. Conclusion: Overall, low maternal positivity was associated with rumination in female adolescents. There was no evidence that maternal rumination or criticism were associated with adolescent rumination. The results suggest a number of implications for future research, including the need for prospective longitudinal studies using observational parenting measures.

IS DISTRIBUTION OF PAIN RELATED WITH CENTRAL SENSITIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB OSTEOARTHRITIS?

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150019
Author(s):  
Andriana Koufogianni ◽  
Asimakis K. Kanellopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Vassis ◽  
Ioannis A. Poulis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Numeric Pain Rating Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pain Distribution

Design: Cross-sectional study. Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions in our society. A growing number of studies suggest the existence of central sensitization (CS) in a subgroup of osteoarthritic patients. One of the criteria included for the classification of CS pain is the expanded distribution of pain. As this criterion is a well-recognized sign of CS, a digital pain drawing (DPD) analysis would be useful to easily identify possible extended areas of pain distribution (PD) in patients with OA. Objective: To study the relationship between the percentage of distribution of pain in the lower limb for both knee and hip, in patients before hip or knee arthroplasty, and the Central Sensitization Inventory Questionnaire. Methods: Twenty women (mean [Formula: see text] years) with diagnosed chronic (over 3 months) knee ([Formula: see text]) and hip ([Formula: see text]) OA participated in the study, with intensity of pain from mild to severe, meaning pain [Formula: see text]/10 using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The PD was analyzed via software created for this research, called “Pain Distribution Application”. Results: A statistically significant positive correlation between CSI and PD to the lower extremity OA (hip and knee) ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) was found. The distribution of pain has a linear correlation with the results in CSI, of patients who tested positive for CS, i.e. with a score of [Formula: see text]. Conclusions: As the distribution of pain on the surface of the body (diffusion) increases, so does the score of people who test positive for CSI. Our results showed that calculating the distribution of pain with our application may have a utility as a CS screening tool. The PD threshold of 10% of the body area is an index for CS for chronic pain lower limb OA patients.

Promoting Athlete Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Georgia A. Bird ◽  
Mary L. Quinton ◽  
Jennifer Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Managing Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
University Athletes

This study investigated the relationship between reappraisal and suppression with depression and mental well-being among university athletes. It was hypothesized reappraisal would associate with lower depression and greater mental well-being, whereas suppression would associate with greater depression and reduced mental well-being. Employing a cross-sectional design, 427 participants (Mage = 20.18, SD = 1.52; 188 males and 239 females) completed questionnaires assessing mental health and strategy use. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed reappraisal was positively associated, and suppression negatively associated with mental well-being, ΔR2 = 4.8%, ΔF(2, 422) = 17.01, p ≤ .001; suppression, β = −0.08, p = .028; reappraisal, β = 0.21, p ≤ .001, but neither were associated with depression, ΔR2 = 0.4%, ΔF(2, 422) = 1.33, p = .267; suppression, β = 0.06, p = .114; reappraisal, β = 0.03, p = .525. Results highlight reappraisal as correlated with mental well-being in student-athletes, and therefore, reappraisal could be beneficial for managing stress in sport. Reappraisal may implicate how well-being is promoted through sport, but future experimental research is needed to confirm causal relationships.

The relationship between burnout and suicidal ideations among Jamaican police officers

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice A. Wray ◽  
Sharlene Beckford Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Crime ◽  
The Relationship

Jamaican police officers often encounter organizational and societal stressors through their work in high-crime and low-resource settings. Repeated exposure to stressors, with limited opportunities for support, can compromise emotional well-being and increase the risk of experiencing burnout and suicidal ideation. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) and suicidal ideations among Jamaican police officers surveyed in 2017. Jamaican police officers ( N = 305) from five major urban divisions completed two self-report questionnaires. The results revealed significant relationships between emotional exhaustion and suicidal ideations ( r = .17, p < .01) and depersonalization and suicidal ideations ( r = .18, p < .01). However, there was no significant relationship between personal accomplishment and suicidal ideations ( p > .01). Implementing programmes that offer access to adaptive coping or stress management skills and social support systems may reduce burnout and decrease risk for suicidal ideation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Stress Phasei In Students of tThe Health Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Lemes Dutra ◽  
André Abrantes Rosique ◽  
Asaphe Lemes Dutra ◽  
Sarah Da Silva Candido ◽  
Cynthia Kallás Bachur
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The Body ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Health Area ◽  
De Medicina

Stress is a general wear and tear of the body, being responsible for changes in the state of health and well-being of the individual. The present study had as objective apply an Inventory of Stress Symptoms among both medical and physiotherapy students, compare and identify the stage of stress they encounter. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of students of the 4th year of both Medicine and Physiotherapy courses from Universidade de Franca- São Paulo, volunteers, regardless of sex or ethnicity. An inventory of Stress Symptoms I.S.S. Lipp to characterize the stress phase of students. A total of 70 students participated in the study, 25 of which were physiotherapists, 22 male and 48 female, 21.92 ± 1.57 years old, and 45 medical students, with a mean age of 24, 87 + 4.26 years. In both courses, the sample analyzed showed a predominance in the Resistance phase, corresponding to a score of 4.26 in relation to medical students and 1.57 in physiotherapy. Based on the data from the present study, it was possible to identify that the students of the health area are in a predominantly Exhaustion phase, according to the Lipp inventory. Avaliação da Fase de Estresse em Estudantes da Área da Saúde O estresse é causado pelas alterações psicofisiológicas que ocorrem quando o indivíduo é forçado a enfrentar situações que o irritem. O presente estudo teve como objetivo aplicar um Inventário de Sintomas de estresse entre estudantes de medicina e fisioterapia, comparar e identificar a fase de estresse que eles se encontram. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por estudantes do 4º ano do curso de Medicina e de Fisioterapia da Universidade de Franca- São Paulo, voluntários,sem distinção de sexo ou etnia. Foi aplicado um Inventário de Sintomas de estresse I.S.S. Lipp para caracterizar a fase do estresse dos estudantes. Participaram deste estudo70 estudantes, 25 do curso de Fisioterapia, com idade 21,92 + 1,57 anos e 45 estudantes do curso de medicina, com idade média de 24,87 + 4,26 anos. A amostra analisada apresenta, em ambos os cursos, uma predominância na fase de Resistência, correspondendo um escore de 4,26 em relação aos estudantes de Medicina e 1,57 aos de Fisioterapia. Com base nos resultados dos dados do presente estudo, foi possível identificar que os estudantes da área de saúde encontram-se em uma fase predominantemente de Exaustão segundo o inventário de Lipp.

scholarly journals Income More Reliably Predicts Frequent than Intense Happiness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Jachimowicz ◽  
Ruo Mo ◽  
Adam Eric Greenberg ◽  
Bertus F. Jeronimus ◽  
Ashley Whillans
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

There is widespread consensus that income and subjective well-being are linked, but when and why they are connected is subject to ongoing debate. We draw on prior research that distinguishes between the frequency and intensity of happiness to suggest that higher income is more consistently linked to how frequently individuals experience happiness than how intensely happy each episode is. This occurs in part because lower-income individuals spend more time engaged in passive leisure activities, reducing the frequency but not the intensity of positive affect. Notably, we demonstrate that only happiness frequency underlies the relationship between income and life satisfaction. Data from an experience sampling study (N = 394 participants, 34,958 daily responses), a pre-registered cross-sectional study (N = 1,553), and a day reconstruction study (N = 13,437) provide empirical evidence for these ideas. Together, this research provides conceptual and empirical clarity into how income is related to happiness.

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