Validity, Reliability and Reproducibility of OctoBalance Test as Tool to Measure the Upper Limb Compared to Modified-Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test

The articular evaluation of range of motion (ROM) is currently used to observe imbalance or limitations as possible risk factors or predispositions to suffer future injures. The main aim of this study is to verify the concurrent validity, reliability and reproducibility of the OctoBalance Test (OB) as a valid and reliable tool to measure articular ROM of the upper limb compared to the modified-Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (mUQYBT). The twenty-five participants were male athletes. All of them were assessed with OB and mUQYBT in medial, superolateral, and inferolateral directions in both right and left arms with a three-minute break during these attempts. The process was repeated a second time with a week gap between measurements. Pearson correlation and linear logarithmic regression were used to examine the relationship between scores obtained with OB and mUQYBT. In order to verify the reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used (3.1). Concordance and reproducibility were assessed using Bland–Altman’s graph. A perfect correlation and an almost linear logarithmic regression (R2 = 0.97) were observed between both measurement systems, with values of 73.531 ± 21.226 cm in mUQYBT and 69.541 ± 16.330 cm in OB. The differences were minimal between week one and week two. The assessment with Bland’s graph showed the concordance and reproducibility of scores, showing the dispersion and the upper and lower limits. OB is shown as valid in comparison to the other test as a reliable and reproducible tool for the assessment of the articular ROM in the upper limb, and it could be used for the evaluation of injuries.

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Upper Quadrant Field Tests and Isokinetic Upper Limb Strength in Overhead Athletes

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.06 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (10) ◽

pp. 789-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Dorien Borms ◽

Annelies Maenhout ◽

Ann M. Cools

Keyword(s):

Upper Extremity ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Field Tests ◽

Upper Body ◽

Isokinetic Strength ◽

Balance Test ◽

Isokinetic Testing ◽

Overhead Athletes ◽

The Relationship

Context: Isokinetic testing is used to determine possible deficits in upper extremity strength in overhead athletes. Given that isokinetic testing is restricted to a laboratory setting, field tests, such as the Seated Medicine Ball Throw (SMBT) and Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ), were developed to assess upper body performance. The relationships between these field tests and isokinetic strength have not been examined. Objective: To investigate the relationship between isokinetic strength testing for shoulder external and internal rotation and elbow flexion and extension and SMBT distance and YBT-UQ performance in overhead athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Institutional laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 29 healthy overhead athletes (14 men, 15 women; age = 21.6 ± 2.5 years, height = 177.7 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 70.3 ± 11.5 kg). Intervention(s): A Biodex dynamometer was used to measure the isokinetic strength of the shoulder and elbow muscles. Upper extremity performance was assessed using the SMBT and YBT-UQ. Main Outcome Measure(s): We used Pearson correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination to analyze the relationship between SMBT and YBT-UQ performance and the isokinetic strength variables. Results: We observed moderate to strong correlations between the SMBT and isokinetic shoulder and elbow strength (r range = 0.595−0.855) but no correlations between the YBT-UQ and isokinetic strength variables. The shared variance between these strength variables and the SMBT ranged from 35.4% to 64.5% for shoulder strength and 58.5% to 73.1% for elbow strength. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the SMBT is a reliable, low-cost, and easy- and quick-to-administer alternative to isokinetic testing for evaluating upper extremity strength in a clinical setting. Performance on the YBT-UQ did not seem to be related to upper limb strength and, therefore, cannot be used for this purpose. Using the YBT-UQ for other purposes may have value.

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Assessing the Motor Status Score: A Scale for the Evaluation of Upper Limb Motor Outcomes in Patients after Stroke

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/154596830201600306 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 283-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Mark Ferraro ◽

Jennifer Hogan Demaio ◽

Jennifer Krol ◽

Chris Trudell ◽

Keren Rannekleiv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Maximum Score ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Upper Extremity Impairment ◽

Motor Outcomes

The Motor Status Scale (MSS) measures shoulder, elbow (maximum score = 40), wrist, hand, and finger movements (maximum score = 42), and expands the measurement of upper extremity impairment and disability provided by the Fugl-Meyer (FM) score. This work examines the interrater reliability and criterion validity of the MSS performed in patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital 21 ± 4 days after stroke. Using the MSS and the FM, 7 occupational therapists masked to each other’s judgments, evaluated 12 consecutive patients with stroke. Two therapists evaluated 6 additional patients on consecutive days. Intraclass correlation coefficients were significant for each group of raters for the shoulder/elbow and for the wrist/hand (P < 0.0001); test-retest measures were also significant for the shoulder/elbow (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.99, P < 0.004) and for the wrist/hand (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.99, P < 0.003). The internal item consistency for the overall MSS was significant (Cronbach alpha = 0.98, P < 0.0001). Finally the correlation between the MSS and the FM (R 2 = 0.964) was significant (P < 0.0001). The MSS affords a reliable and valid assessment of upper limb impairment and disability following stroke.

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Validity and Reliability of Nintendo Wii Fit Balance Scores

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.16 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 306-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Erik A. Wikstrom

Keyword(s):

Sports Medicine ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Lower Extremity Injury ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Nintendo Wii ◽

Balance Test ◽

Medicine Research ◽

Wii Fit

Context:Interactive gaming systems have the potential to help rehabilitate patients with musculoskeletal conditions. The Nintendo Wii Balance Board, which is part of the Wii Fit game, could be an effective tool to monitor progress during rehabilitation because the board and game can provide objective measures of balance. However, the validity and reliability of Wii Fit balance scores remain unknown.Objective:To determine the concurrent validity of balance scores produced by the Wii Fit game and the intrasession and intersession reliability of Wii Fit balance scores.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Forty-five recreationally active participants (age = 27.0 ± 9.8 years, height = 170.9 ± 9.2 cm, mass = 72.4 ± 11.8 kg) with a heterogeneous history of lower extremity injury.Intervention(s):Participants completed a single-limb–stance task on a force plate and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) during the first test session. Twelve Wii Fit balance activities were completed during 2 test sessions separated by 1 week.Main Outcome Measure(s):Postural sway in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions and the AP, ML, and resultant center-of-pressure (COP) excursions were calculated from the single-limb stance. The normalized reach distance was recorded for the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions of the SEBT. Wii Fit balance scores that the game software generated also were recorded.Results:All 96 of the calculated correlation coefficients among Wii Fit activity outcomes and established balance outcomes were interpreted as poor (r < 0.50). Intrasession reliability for Wii Fit balance activity scores ranged from good (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.80) to poor (ICC = 0.39), with 8 activities having poor intrasession reliability. Similarly, 11 of the 12 Wii Fit balance activity scores demonstrated poor intersession reliability, with scores ranging from fair (ICC = 0.74) to poor (ICC = 0.29).Conclusions:Wii Fit balance activity scores had poor concurrent validity relative to COP outcomes and SEBT reach distances. In addition, the included Wii Fit balance activity scores generally had poor intrasession and intersession reliability.

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Reliability and concurrent validity of an alternative method of lateral lumbar range of motion in athletes

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2078-516x/2016/v28i1a1414 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 23-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Hecimovich

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Spine ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Index Test ◽

Low Back ◽

Detectable Change ◽

Rater Reliability

Background: Cricket bowling involves combined spinalmovements of side bending and rotation and, consequently, injuryto the low back is a common problem. Therefore the assessmentof lumbar spine kinematics has become a routine component inpreseason screening. This includes static measurement of lateralspinal flexion as asymmetrical range of motion may predispose anathlete to low back injury.Objectives: This study examined intra-rater reliability andconcurrent validity of the fingertip-to-floor distance test (FFD)when compared to a criterion range of motion measure.Methods: Thirty-four junior-level cricket players aged 13‑16years were recruited. Lumbar spine lateral flexion was measuredsimultaneously with the fingertip-to-floor distance test and digitalinclinometry methods. Relative and absolute intra-rater reliabilitywere investigated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1)of agreement, standard error of measurement (SEM) estimates,Bland and Altman bias estimates and 95% limits of agreement,respectively. The concurrent validity of the fingertip-to-floordistance test, compared to digital inclinometry measures, wasexamined with Pearson correlation coefficients.Results: Intra-rater reliability demonstrated substantial agreementfor both measures (ICC3,1 > 0.84). The fingertip-to-floor distancetest SEM values ranged from 1.71‑2.01 cm with an estimatedminimum detectable change (MDC) threshold of 4.73‑5.55 cm.The inclinometry SEM values ranged from 1.00‑1.09° withminimal detectable change estimates of 2.77‑3.01°. There werestrong correlations between the index test and criterion measureoutcomes (r > 0.84, p < 0.001).Conclusions: This study’s results support the intra-rater reliabilityand concurrent validity of the finger-to-floor distance test,suggesting it to be a suitable surrogate measure for lumbar lateralflexion testing

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Development of the English Listening and Reading Computerized Revised Token Test Into Cantonese: Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity/Specificity in People With Aphasia and Healthy Controls

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 3743-3759

Author(s):

Mehdi Bakhtiar ◽

Min Ney Wong ◽

Emily Ka Yin Tsui ◽

Malcolm R. McNeil

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Token Test ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

High Test

Purpose This study reports the psychometric development of the Cantonese versions of the English Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT) for persons with aphasia (PWAs) and healthy controls (HCs). Method The English CRTT was translated into standard Chinese for the Reading–Word Fade version (CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese) and into formal Cantonese for the Listening version (CRTT-L-Cantonese). Thirty-two adult native Cantonese PWAs and 42 HCs were tested on both versions of CRTT-Cantonese tests and on the Cantonese Aphasia Battery to measure the construct and concurrent validity of CRTT-Cantonese tests. The HCs were retested on both versions of the CRTT-Cantonese tests, whereas the PWAs were randomly assigned for retesting on either version to measure the test–retest reliability. Results A two-way, Group × Modality, repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significantly lower scores for the PWA group than the HC group for both reading and listening. Other comparisons were not significant. A high and significant correlation was found between the CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and the CRTT-L-Cantonese in PWAs, and 87% of the PWAs showed nonsignificantly different performance across the CRTT-Cantonese tests based on the Revised Standardized Difference Test. The CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese provided better aphasia diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and specificity (83.30%) values than the CRTT-L-Cantonese. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant moderate correlations between the Cantonese Aphasia Battery scores and the CRTT-Cantonese tests in PWAs, supporting adequate concurrent validity. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed high test–retest reliability (between .82 and .96, p < .001) for both CRTT-Cantonese tests for both groups. Conclusions Results support that the validly translated CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and CRTT-L-Cantonese tests significantly differentiate the reading and listening comprehension of PWAs from HCs and provides acceptable concurrent validity and high test–retest reliability for both tests. Furthermore, favorable PWA versus HC sensitivity and specificity cutoff scores are presented for both CRTT-Cantonese listening and reading tests.

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Upper-Extremity Functional Performance Tests: Reference Values for Overhead Athletes

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-0573-1388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (06) ◽

pp. 433-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dorien Borms ◽

Ann Cools

Keyword(s):

Upper Extremity ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Normative Values ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Balance Test ◽

Overhead Athletes ◽

Gender And Age ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThis study aimed to provide an age, gender and sport-based normative database for three functional shoulder tests: Y Balance Test – Upper Quarter (YBT-UQ), Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), and Seated Medicine Ball Throw (SMBT). A second aim was to discuss gender, age and sports differences. Finally, correlation between tests was evaluated. Overhead athletes (106 male, 100 female) between 18 and 50 years old and from three different sports (volleyball, tennis, handball) performed all functional tests. A linear mixed or regression model was applied to determine significant differences in test scores between gender, age and sports. Pearson correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the relationship between tests. Normative values were established and divided by gender, sports and age. Results showed significant gender and age differences for all tests. For YBT-UQ, also significant side and sports differences were recorded. CKCUEST is moderately correlated with SMBT and YBT-UQ. Weak correlation was found between SMBT and YBT-UQ. In conclusion, this study provides normative data for YBT-UQ, CKCUEST and SMBT, which is clinically relevant for functionally screening overhead athletes and benchmark their performance to others from the same gender, age and sports. A combination of included tests is recommended.

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Intra- and intersession reliability and agreement of the Unilateral Seated Shot-Put Test outcome measures in healthy male athletes

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-021-00301-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthieu Degot ◽

Yoann Blache ◽

Grégory Vigne ◽

Gabriel Franger ◽

Lionel Neyton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Bilateral Symmetry ◽

Horizontal Direction ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Shot Put ◽

Dominant Side

Abstract Background The Unilateral Seated Shot-Put Test (USSPT) consists of pushing an overweight ball as far as possible to assess upper extremity power unilaterally and bilateral symmetry. Literature however reports various body positions and upper limb pushing patterns to perform USSPT, demanding to provide additional guideline to achieve overweight ball push. This study therefore aimed at assessing the reliability and agreement of USSPT outcome measures when pushing an overweight ball in a horizontal direction. Methods Twenty-seven healthy male athletes performed two sessions, one week apart, of three unilateral pushes per upper limb using a 3-kg medicine ball, for which the distances were measured. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change at a 95 % confidence level (MDC95 %) and coefficient of variation (CV) were assessed for the pushing distances based on one, two or three trials per side to produce two outcome measures: the pushing distance per limb and USSPT Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) when dividing pushing distance of the dominant side by that of the non-dominant side. Results The most reliable pushing distance per limb was obtained when averaging three pushing distances, normalized by body mass with the exponent 0.35. The mean USSPT LSI was 1.09 ± 0.10 for the first session and 1.08 ± 0.10 for the second session, highlighting good reliability and agreement (ICC = 0.82; SEM = 0.045; MDC95 % = 0.124; CV = 5.02 %). Conclusions When the overweight ball is pushed in a horizontal direction, averaging the distances of three trials for both the dominant and non-dominant limbs is advised to provide the most reliable USSPT distance per limb and USSPT LSI.

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The Relationship Between Core Stabilization and Balance in The Curling Athletes

10.53350/pjmhs2115103269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3269-3272

Author(s):

Bostanci Ozgur ◽

Yilmaz Hasan Hüseyin

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

T Test ◽

Static Balance ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Balance Test ◽

Core Stabilization ◽

The Relationship

Objective: The aim of this study is to the relationship between core stabilization and balance in the national curling athletes. Materials and Methods: 38 curling player, 19 men and 19 women, whose average of age was 19.67±2.90 were included in the study. İn the study, Body composition were measured to use TANİTA TBF 300 device. To Measure Core stabilization levels were used Sit-Up Test, Biering Sorenson Test and Sport-Specific Core Muscle Strength & Stability Plank Test. Balance were measured with SPORKAT 4000 Dynamic and Static Balance Device.The analysis of acquired datas from study is doneusing SPSS (version 24) for Windows Statistical Programme.Independent t-test was used for the comparison of paired groups while Pearson correlation was used for the control of the association between variables. Significance for statistical datas was selected being p<0.05. Results: Sit-up Test average were 44.31± 7.59 in men and 30.84±6.13- in women, Biering Sorenson Test average were 226.78±74.60 in men and 289.10±111.10 women, Sport-Spesific Core muscle strength & stability plan test average 280.26±113.14 in men and 176.05±47.128 women. Dynamic Balance Test average were 7677.26±1467.12 in men and 5207.94±1436.02 in women. The Static balance average were definitely 7759±1554.98 in men and 5477.63±2004.06 in women. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it is found that there wasn’t a significant relation between back endurance and static, dynamic balance, that there was a significant relation between sit up and static, dynamic balance. There was significantly relation between plank time and dynamic balance. However between Plank time and Static balance was not significantly relation. Keywords: Balance; Body composition; Core; Curling

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Photographic assessment of cephalometric measurements

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/120712-925.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 1049-1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Liliane de Carvalho Rosas Gomes ◽

Karla Orfelina Carpio Horta ◽

Luiz Gonzaga Gandini ◽

Marcelo Gonçalves ◽

João Roberto Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Facial Profile ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Standardized Protocol ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Cephalometric Measurements ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between craniofacial measurements obtained from cephalometric radiographs and analogous measurements from profile photographs. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms and standardized facial profile photographs were obtained from a sample of 123 subjects (65 girls, 58 boys; age 7–12 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated from repeated photographic measurements to evaluate method reliability. Analogous cephalometric and photographic measurements were compared to assess Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the measurements that achieved correlation coefficients greater than r = 0.7. Results: The reliability of the photographic technique was satisfactory. Most measurements showed ICCs above 0.80 and highly significant correlations (P ≤ .001) with cephalometric variables. Among all measurements used, the A'N'B' angle was the most effective in explaining the variability of its analogous cephalometric, mainly for female subjects (r2 = 0.80). The FMA' angle showed the best results for vertical assessment (r2 = 0.65). Conclusions: The photographic method has proven to be a repeatable and reproducible tool provided that a standardized protocol is followed. Therefore, it may be considered a feasible and practical diagnostic alternative, particularly if there is a need for a low-cost and noninvasive method.

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Do heart rate variability is relationed to endurance performance in female futsal players?

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e73799 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Julio Cesar Barbosa de Lima Pinto ◽

Radamés Maciel Vitor Medeiros ◽

Arnaldo Luis Mortatti ◽

Fábio Yuzo Nakamura ◽

Leonardo de Sousa Fortes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Subject Variability ◽

Resting Heart Rate Variability ◽

The Relationship

abstract The study aimed to verify the correlation between resting heart rate variability (HRVrest) and endurance performance in female futsal players, as well as to evaluate the reliability of this parasympathetic autonomic marker. A total of 16 female futsal players (age: 22 ± 3 years; VO2max: 42.3 ± 2.0 ml.kg-1.min-1) were evaluated during the first week of preseason training. Vagal modulation was evaluated from the HRVrest (i.e., log-transformed root mean square of successive R-R interval differences - Ln-RMSSD) for two consecutive days, while endurance performance was evaluated by the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the variables. Strong correlation between the HRVrest index and endurance performance (r = 0.643; p = 0.007). Reliability was tested through the intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation (CV), and Bland-Altman analysis of the agreement. Furthermore, acceptable repeatability of HRVrest, but with great inter-subject variability (ICC = 0.670, 95%CI = 0.056-0.885, CV = 15.8%). The current study demonstrated a strong correlation between Ln-RMSSD and endurance performance, and despite the acceptable values of intrasubject reliability, HRVrest presented high inter-individual variability in female futsal players.

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