A Review of Prolonged Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Their Implications on Dental Management

The available data regarding the short and long-term consequences of COVID-19 is still insufficient. This narrative review aims to provide information on the prolonged COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients and their implications during dental management. Additionally, this manuscript highlights the oral manifestations of COVID-19 and its management. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases, WHO and CDC websites, and grey literature was searched through Google Scholar. Clinical articles (clinical trials, case-reports, cohort, and cross-sectional studies) were included, reporting prolonged post-COVID-19 symptoms. Although COVID-19 is an infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs, its multi-organ involvement is responsible for several prolonged symptoms, including oral implications. In recovered patients with prolonged COVID-19 symptoms, considerations for providing dental treatment has to be made as they can present with assortment of symptoms. These prolonged post-COVID-19 symptoms can affect the delivery of the required dental treatment. Hence, the recommendations proposed in this narrative review can be a useful starting point to aid dental teams providing adequate care for such recovered patients.

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Sedentary behaviour among general practitioners: a systematic review

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-020-01359-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Richard S. Mayne ◽

Nigel D. Hart ◽

Neil Heron

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Abstract Background Sedentary behaviour is when someone is awake, in a sitting, lying or reclining posture and is an independent risk factor for multiple causes of morbidity and mortality. A dose-response relationship has been demonstrated, whereby increasing sedentary time corresponds with increasing mortality rate. This study aimed to identify current levels of sedentary behaviour among General Practitioners (GPs), by examining and synthesising how sedentary behaviour has been measured in the primary care literature. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify studies relating to levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Searches were performed using Medline®, Embase®, PscycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, from inception of databases until January 2020, with a subsequent search of grey literature. Articles were assessed for quality and bias, with extraction of relevant data. Results The search criteria returned 1707 studies. Thirty four full texts were reviewed and 2 studies included in the final review. Both were cross-sectional surveys using self-reported estimation of sedentary time within the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Keohane et al. examined GP trainees and GP trainers in Ireland. 60% reported spending in excess of 7 h sitting each day, 24% between 4 and 7 h, and 16% less than or equal to 4 h. Suija et al. examined female GPs in Estonia. The mean reported daily sitting time was 6 h and 36 min, with 56% sitting for over 6 h per day. Both studies were of satisfactory methodological quality but had a high risk of bias. Conclusion There is a paucity of research examining current levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Objective data is needed to determine GPs’ current levels of sedentary behaviour, particularly in light of the increase in remote consulting as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Sedentary Behaviour Among General Practitioners: A Systematic Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33814/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard S. Mayne ◽

Nigel D. Hart ◽

Neil Heron

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Abstract BackgroundSedentary behaviour is when someone is awake, in a sitting, lying or reclining posture and is an independent risk factor for multiple causes of morbidity and mortality. A dose-response relationship has been demonstrated, whereby increasing sedentary time corresponds with increasing mortality rate. This study aimed to identify current levels of sedentary behaviour among General Practitioners (GPs), by examining and synthesising how sedentary behaviour has been measured in the primary care literature.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies relating to levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Searches were performed using Medline®, Embase®, PscycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, from inception of databases until January 2020, with a subsequent search of grey literature. Articles were assessed for quality and bias, with extraction of relevant data.ResultsThe search criteria returned 1707 studies. 34 full texts were reviewed and 2 studies included in the final review. Both were cross-sectional surveys using self-reported estimation of sedentary time within the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Keohane et al. examined GP trainees and GP trainers in Ireland. 60% reported spending in excess of 7 hours sitting each day, 24% between 4 and 7 hours, and 16% less than or equal to 4 hours. Suija et al. examined female GPs in Estonia. The mean reported daily sitting time was 6 hours and 36 minutes, with 56% sitting for over 6 hours per day. Both studies were of satisfactory methodological quality but had a high risk of bias.ConclusionThere is a paucity of research examining current levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Objective data is needed to determine GPs’ current levels of sedentary behaviour, particularly in light of the increase in remote consulting as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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625 EFFICACY OF MYOTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH SIGMOID MEGAESOPHAGUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doab052.625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Marina Orlandini ◽

Maria Carolina Serafim ◽

Letícia Datrino ◽

Clara Santos ◽

Luca Tristão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Heller Myotomy ◽

Selection Process ◽

Case Reports ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Series ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Manual Search ◽

The Mean

Abstract Megaesophagus progress to sigmoid megaesophagus (SM) in 10–15% of patients, presenting tortuosity and sigmoid colon aspect. Esophagectomy is the choice treatment but is associated with high complications and mortality rates. To avoid the esophagectomy inherent morbidity, several authors recommend Heller myotomy (HM) with pull-down technique for SM, mainly for patients with comorbidities and the elderly. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to analyze the effectiveness of HM for treating SM. Methods A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library Central, Lilacs (BVS), and manual search of references. Inclusion criteria were: a) clinical trials, cohort studies, case series; b) patients with SM and esophageal diameter ≥ 6 cm; and c) patients undergoing primary myotomy. The exclusion criteria were: a) reviews, case reports, cross-sectional studies, editorials, letters, congress abstracts, full-text unavailability; b) animal studies, c) previous surgical treatment for achalasia; and d) pediatric studies. There were no restrictions on language or date of publication, and no filters were applied for the selection process. Random model and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used. Results Sixteen articles were selected, encompassing 231 patients. The mean age ranged from 36 to 61 years old, and the mean follow-up ranged from 16 to 109 months. The analyzed outcomes include mortality, complications (pneumonia, pneumothorax, gastroesophageal reflux), need for reintervention (remyotomy, dilation and esophagectomy), and results classified as ‘good’ and ‘excellent’. Mortality rate was 0.035 (CI: 0.017–0.07; p < 0.01). Complications rate was 0.08 (CI: 0.04–0.153; p = 0.01). Need for retreatment rate was 0.161 (CI: 0.053–0.399; p < 0.01). Probability of good or excellent outcomes after myotomy was 0.762 (CI: 0.693–0.819; p < 0,01). Conclusion Heller myotomy is an option for avoiding esophagectomy in achalasia, with a low morbimortality rate and good results. It is effective for most patients but will fail in a minority of patients and demand retreatment, be it a remyotomy, endoscopic treatment or esophagectomy.

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Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review

Infectious Diseases of Poverty ◽

10.1186/s40249-019-0613-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Berta Grau-Pujol ◽

Marilia Massangaie ◽

Jorge Cano ◽

Carmen Maroto ◽

Alcino Ndeve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Case Reports ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Case Series ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Effective Control ◽

Tropical Diseases ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people living in vulnerable conditions. In spite of initiatives recently contributing to fill NTDs gaps on national and local prevalence and distribution, more epidemiological data are still needed for effective control and elimination interventions. Main text Mozambique is considered one of the countries with highest NTDs burden although available data is scarce. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on published available data about the burden and distribution of the different NTDs across Mozambique since January 1950 until December 2018. We identified manuscripts from electronic databases (Pubmed, EmBase and Global Health) and paper publications and grey literature from Mozambique Ministry of Health. Manuscripts fulfilling inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional studies, ecological studies, cohorts, reports, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews capturing epidemiological information of endemic NTDs in Mozambique. Case-control studies, letters to editor, case reports and case series of imported cases were excluded. A total of 466 manuscripts were initially identified and 98 were finally included after the revision following PRISMA guidelines. Eleven NTDs were reported in Mozambique during the study span. Northern provinces (Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Niassa, Tete and Zambezia) and Maputo province had the higher number of NTDs detected. Every disease had their own report profile: while schistosomiasis have been continuously reported since 1952 until nowadays, onchocerciasis and cysticercosis last available data is from 2007 and Echinococcosis have never been evaluated in the country. Thus, both space and time gaps on NTDs epidemiology have been identified. Conclusions This review assembles NTDs burden and distribution in Mozambique. Thus, contributes to the understanding of NTDs epidemiology in Mozambique and highlights knowledge gaps. Hence, the study provides key elements to progress towards the control and interruption of transmission of these diseases in the country.

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Relationship between Chronic Periodontitis and Erectile Dysfunction: A Narrative Review

Journal of Oral Diseases ◽

10.1155/2016/7824321 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaffer A. Shariff ◽

Aparna Ingleshwar ◽

Kevin C. Lee ◽

Athanasios I. Zavras

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective. To conduct a descriptive literature review on research studies investigating the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods. Cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, randomized control trials, and animal studies up to July 2015 that studied the relationship between CP and ED were reviewed and reported. Data sources included PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov. The themes “periodontal disease” and “erectile dysfunction” and the role of periodontal therapy were identified and discussed throughout the narrative review. Results. After reviewing the literature, it was found that an association between CP and vasculogenic ED likely exists. Inflammation resulting from CP promotes endothelial dysfunction by increasing the systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Periodontal therapy attempts to decrease the release of TNF-α and could act to restore endothelial function, particularly in the penile vasculature. Conclusion. Although the literature reported a positive association between CP and ED, the studies were few and possess several methodological limitations. Large-scale cohort studies and confounder analysis are recommended. Dentists and physicians should collaborate to manage patients with either CP or ED because of their potential association not only with each other but also with other serious systemic comorbidities.

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The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0b013e318280f3e0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 437-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Maria Inês Rosa ◽

Geraldo Doneda Silva ◽

Priscyla Waleska Targino de Azedo Simões ◽

Meriene Viquetti Souza ◽

Ana Paula Ronzani Panatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Blot Hybridization ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ovarian cancer.MethodsA comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, LILACS, Grey literature and EMBASE was performed for articles published from January 1990 to March 2012. The following MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were searched: “ovarian tumor” or “ovarian cancers” and “HPV” or “human papillomavirus.” Included were case-control and cross-sectional studies, prospective or retrospective, that evaluated clinical ovarian cancer and provided a clear description of the use of in situ hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. The statistical analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.0.ResultsIn total, 24 primary studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies from 11 countries on 3 continents contained data on HPV and ovarian cancer, including 889 subjects. Overall, the HPV prevalence in patients with ovarian cancer was 17.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0%–20.0%). Human papillomavirus prevalence ranged from 4.0% (95% CI, 1.7%–6.3%) in Europe to 31.4% (95% CI, 26.9%–35.9%) in Asia. An aggregate of 4 case-control studies from Asia showed an odds ratio of 2.48 (95% CI, 0.64–9.57).ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of HPV-positive DNA in ovarian cancer cases, but the role of HPV in ovarian cancer remains inconclusive. Further studies are needed to control case to answer this question.

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Awareness of Dental Interns to Treat Pregnant Patients

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.678 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (19) ◽

pp. 3265-3269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lingam Amara Swapna ◽

Entessar Zeyad Mohammad Alanazi ◽

Alhanouf Ali Abdulrahman Aldoji ◽

Pradeep Koppolu ◽

Ali Alqerban

Keyword(s):

Dental Treatment ◽

Pregnant Patient ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Confidence Levels ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Dental Clinics ◽

Dental Management ◽

Dental Radiographs ◽

Clear Idea ◽

Dental Needs

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy causes major changes in maternal physiology and metabolism, which may lead to increased susceptibility to oral infection. AIM: Aim of this study is to assess the awareness of dental interns regarding the management of the dental needs of pregnant patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 188 interns of a private dental college in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire comprised of 14 knowledge-based questions regarding their training, awareness and practice management of the pregnant patient in dental clinics. Four questions to record and evaluate their training, the number of pregnant patients treated by them and their confidence level in the dental management of the pregnant patient. Excel spreadsheet was used for mathematical calculations. RESULTS: Almost 62% of our participants never treated a pregnant female during their training. About 65% of the interns knew using antibiotics, almost 55% have a clear idea of the safest NSAIDS, and 43% regarded local anaesthesia to be safe when used among pregnant females. Conversely, about 50% of the participants had no clear knowledge of the FDA category of drugs. Only 24% considered dental radiographs to be safe in pregnant patients. 57% thought to postpone the dental treatment in an acute active dental infection in expecting mothers. Results also showed a lack of confidence among interns to provide dental care to gestating female. CONCLUSION: On analysing the results, we found that there is a need to improve the knowledge, awareness and confidence levels among the interns who are the future dentists treating these patients.

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The Behavior of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Dental Clinics

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/5561690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Hala M. Elkamash ◽

Hatem M. Abuohashish

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Case Reports ◽

Research Question ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Objectives. This review documents published obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) cases with dental and oral conditions with potential impact on the dental procedure. The research question was, what are the psychiatric and behavioral features of people with OCD that might affect dental sessions? Methods. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42020212371). Six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO) were screened for published clinical studies that report dental patients with obsessions or compulsions behaviors as identified by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Inclusion of the studies was performed according to the eligibility criteria. The quality evaluation was carried out using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. The results were qualitatively assessed for synthesis. Results. After elimination of duplication, 530 articles were screened, and 35 articles were evaluated for eligibility. 17 studies met the inclusion criteria (8 case reports, 5 cross-sectional studies, 1 longitudinal cohort study, and 3 case-control studies) and were included in the review. All case reports demonstrated symptoms of obsessions or compulsions such as fear of germs and contamination, aggressive thoughts, having things symmetric in perfect order, excessive cleaning or handwashing, repeatedly checking things, and compulsive counting. OCD-related behavior was assessed in the included clinical investigations using standardized protocols such as Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, 4-item Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the Crown Crisp Experimental Index. Quality assessment of the 17 included articles revealed 14 articles with low risk of bias and 3 articles with moderate risk of bias. Conclusion. The reported OCD symptoms may implement psychological difficulties during dental procedures without affecting the outcome. Although there was no contraindication for planning or performing dental treatments for a patient with OCD, dental-related procedures and protocols might be modified for successful dental appointments.

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Sport-Related Concussion in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120932306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 232596712093230

Author(s):

Neil K. McGroarty ◽

Symone M. Brown ◽

Mary K. Mulcahey

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Single Case ◽

Case Reports ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Head Impacts

Background: Female athletes are more susceptible to sport-related concussions (SRCs) and experience worse outcomes compared with male athletes. Although numerous studies on SRC have compared the outcomes of concussions in male and female athletes after injury, research pertaining to why female athletes have worse outcomes is limited. Purpose: To determine the factors that predispose female athletes to more severe concussions than their male counterparts. Study Design: Systematic review; Level or evidence, 3. Methods: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched on July 5 to July 20, 2018. Included were cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that examined the effects of concussive and subconcussive head impacts in only female athletes of all ages, regardless of competition level. These studies were further supplemented with epidemiologic studies. Exclusion criteria included narrative reviews, single case reports, abstracts and letters to the editor, and studies related to chronic traumatic brain injury. Results: A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. Female athletes appear to sustain more severe concussions than male athletes, due in part to a lower biomechanical threshold tolerance for head impacts. Additionally, concussions may alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, resulting in worse symptoms and amenorrhea. Although females are more likely to report concussions than males, underreporting still exists and may result in concussions going untreated. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that female athletes may be more susceptible to concussion, have prolonged symptoms after a concussion, and are more likely to report a concussion than their male counterparts. However, underreporting still exists among female athletes. Possible factors that put female athletes at a higher risk for concussions include biomechanical differences and hormonal differences. To effectively prevent, diagnose, and treat concussions in female athletes, more research is required to determine when and how such injuries are sustained. Despite sex-based differences in the clinical incidence, reporting behavior, and outcomes of SRCs, female athletes remain an understudied population, resulting in lack of sex-specific treatment guidelines for female athletes postinjury.

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Implementing advance care planning with community-dwelling frail elders requires a system-wide approach: An integrative review applying a behaviour change model

Palliative Medicine ◽

10.1177/0269216319845804 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 743-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sarah Combes ◽

Caroline Jane Nicholson ◽

Karen Gillett ◽

Christine Norton

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Advance Care Planning ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Integrative Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Care Planning ◽

Frail Elders ◽

Starting Point ◽

Advance Care

Background: Facilitating advance care planning with community-dwelling frail elders can be challenging. Notably, frail elders’ vulnerability to sudden deterioration leads to uncertainty in recognising the timing and focus of advance care planning conversations. Aim: To understand how advance care planning can be better implemented for community-dwelling frail elders and to develop a conceptual model to underpin intervention development. Design: A structured integrative review of relevant literature. Data sources: CINAHL, Embase, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Further strategies included searching for policy and clinical documents, grey literature, and hand-searching reference lists. Literature was searched from 1990 until October 2018. Results: From 3043 potential papers, 42 were included. Twenty-nine were empirical, six expert commentaries, four service improvements, two guidelines and one theoretical. Analysis revealed nine themes: education and training, personal ability, models, recognising triggers, resources, conversations on death and dying, living day to day, personal beliefs and experience, and relationality. Conclusion: Implementing advance care planning for frail elders requires a system-wide approach, including providing relevant resources and clarifying responsibilities. Early engagement is key for frail elders, as is a shift from the current advance care planning model focussed on future ceilings of care to one that promotes living well now alongside planning for the future. The proposed conceptual model can be used as a starting point for professionals, organisations and policymakers looking to improve advance care planning for frail elders.

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