Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review

Molybdenum (Mo) microbial bioreduction is a phenomenon that is beginning to be recognized globally as a tool for the remediation of molybdenum toxicity. Molybdenum toxicity continues to be demonstrated in many animal models of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, particularly those of ruminants. The phenomenon has been reported for more than 100 years without a clear understanding of the reduction mechanism, indicating a clear gap in the scientific knowledge. This knowledge is not just fundamentally important—it is specifically important in applications for bioremediation measures and the sustainable recovery of metal from industrial or mine effluent. To date, about 52 molybdenum-reducing bacteria have been isolated globally. An increasing number of reports have also been published regarding the assimilation of other xenobiotics. This phenomenon is likely to be observed in current and future events in which the remediation of xenobiotics requires microorganisms capable of degrading or transforming multi-xenobiotics. This review aimed to comprehensively catalogue all of the characterizations of molybdenum-reducing microorganisms to date and identify future opportunities and improvements.

Download Full-text

Improvement of zero waste sustainable recovery using microbial energy generation systems: A comprehensive review

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153055 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 153055

Author(s):

Wilgince Apollon ◽

Iryna Rusyn ◽

Nancy González-Gamboa ◽

Tatiana Kuleshova ◽

Alejandro Isabel Luna-Maldonado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Generation ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Zero Waste ◽

Sustainable Recovery

Download Full-text

Operational Characteristics of Immobilized Ochrobactrum sp. CUST210-1 Biosystem and Immobilized Chromate Reductase Biosystem in Continuously Treating Actual Chromium-Containing Wastewater

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10175934 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 5934

Author(s):

Guey-Horng Wang ◽

Teh-Hua Tsai ◽

Ching-Hung Chiu ◽

Chiu-Yu Cheng ◽

Ying-Chien Chung

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Water Quality ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Reduction Mechanism ◽

Capital Costs ◽

Chromate Reductase ◽

Operational Characteristics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Reducing Bacteria

Cr(VI) detoxification by biotreatment is considered one of the most practical detoxification methods, especially at low-to-medium concentrations. Although the capabilities of chromium-reducing bacteria and related enzymes in removing Cr(VI) have been explored, little is known about their differences in engineering applications. In this study, Ochrobactrum sp. CUST210-1 was isolated and its chromate reductase identified and separated as biological elements in biosystems developed for Cr(VI) removal. Results indicate that intracellular Cr(OH)3(s) accounted for 88.01% of Cr(VI) reduction product, and a possible reduction mechanism was exposed. The chromate reductase in Ochrobactrum sp. CUST210-1 was ChrR protein, and its crystal structure was revealed. The toxicity of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater was decreased by 57.8% and 67.0% (at minimum) by the CUST210-1 strain and ChrR, respectively. The Ochrobactrum sp. CUST210-1 biosystem demonstrated good adaptability to pH (7–9), and the ChrR biosystem exhibited high removal efficiency (>98.2%) at a wide range of temperatures (25 °C–40 °C). The outlet Cr(VI) concentration of the CUST210-1 biosystem met the industrial discharge limit of 0.5 mg L−1 when the inlet Cr(VI) concentration in the actual Cr(VI)-containing wastewater was <430 mg L−1. The stricter water quality standard of 0.05 mg L−1 could be complied with by the immobilized ChrR biosystem when <150 mg L−1 Cr(VI) concentration was introduced. These developed biosystems can be used in the bioremediation of various Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewaters. Regarding capital costs, those of the CUST210-1 biosystem were higher. To our knowledge, this is the first report comparing differences in the economic and operational characteristics of bacteria and enzyme biosystems for Cr(VI) removal.

Download Full-text

Animal models in the neurotoxicology of 2,4-D

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327119860172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1178-1182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

LM Freitas ◽

LP de Assis Valadares ◽

MGM Camozzi ◽

PG de Oliveira ◽

MR Ferreira Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Animal Models ◽

Motor Activity ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Brain Area ◽

Behavioral Effect ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Locomotor Patterns ◽

Chicken Eggs ◽

The Brain

2,4-D is a selective pre- and postemergence herbicide used for several crops. It is hazardous for the environment and risk for humans; therefore, several studies attempt to evaluate its effects and consequences of its use. The nervous system is supposedly a target for this herbicide, and this comprehensive review gathers the information about animal models that have been used for the study of the neurotoxicity of 2,4-D. The studies used several methods to evaluate the neurotoxicity of this herbicide, most of which used rodents, mainly rats, two used fish, and one used chicken eggs. The main behavioral effect observed concerned alterations in locomotor patterns and reduced motor activity. Biochemical analysis showed decreased levels of serotonin (5-HT) and increased levels of its metabolites and increased or decreased levels of DA and its metabolites depending on the brain area analyzed. Hypomyelination is also a possible effect of 2,4-D when the exposure occurs during the proliferation and development of the oligodendrocytes. The worst neuropathologic effects were observed in fish. Since most studies focused on the neurotoxicity of 2,4-D in rodents, the effect it may have on other species and groups of animals, especially with different physiology, is unclear and it should be researched.

Download Full-text

A Comprehensive Review: The Evolution of Animal Models in Pulmonary Hypertension Research; Are We there Yet?

Pulmonary Circulation ◽

10.1086/674770 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 739-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Gerald Maarman ◽

Sandrine Lecour ◽

Ghazwan Butrous ◽

Friedrich Thienemann ◽

Karen Sliwa

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Animal Models ◽

Comprehensive Review

Download Full-text

Rodent animal models of delayed bone healing and non-union formation: a comprehensive review

10.22203/ecm.v026a01 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

P Garcia ◽

◽

T Histing ◽

JH Holstein ◽

W Klein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Union Formation ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Non Union ◽

Delayed Bone Healing

Download Full-text

Gastrointestinal physiology in anaesthetic practice

10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Joanna K. Gordon ◽

Mark C. Bellamy

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Animal Models ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Critically Ill Patient ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Human Gut ◽

Gastrointestinal Physiology ◽

The Past ◽

Further Development

The physiology of the human gut and gastrointestinal tract is complex. Studying it is difficult, and much of what we know relies on extrapolation from animal models. The interactions between normal physiology, deranged physiology, and anaesthetic drugs and procedures are likewise extremely complex, and in some cases paradoxical. A clear understanding of these is likely to be beneficial in achieving best clinical outcomes in anaesthesia for patients undergoing gastrointestinal tract procedures, but also for the critically ill patient undergoing coincidental anaesthetic procedures. Strategies aimed at monitoring the function of the gastrointestinal tract during anaesthesia have in the past been used as research tools, but have potential for use as therapeutic guides. However, further development of these technologies and clinical trials of their application are required, before any firm recommendation in this area can be made.

Download Full-text

Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Wheat Allergenicity in Animal Models: A Comprehensive Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24061142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yining Jin ◽

Harini Acharya ◽

Devansh Acharya ◽

Rick Jorgensen ◽

Haoran Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Wheat Allergy ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Testing Tools ◽

Epitope Structure ◽

Wheat Products ◽

And Control

The prevalence of wheat allergy has reached significant levels in many countries. Therefore, wheat is a major global food safety and public health issue. Animal models serve as critical tools to advance the understanding of the mechanisms of wheat allergenicity to develop preventive and control methods. A comprehensive review on the molecular mechanisms of wheat allergenicity using animal models is unavailable at present. There were two major objectives of this study: To identify the lessons that animal models have taught us regarding the molecular mechanisms of wheat allergenicity and to identify the strengths, challenges, and future prospects of animal models in basic and applied wheat allergy research. Using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we retrieved and critically analyzed the relevant articles and excluded celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Our analysis shows that animal models can provide insight into the IgE epitope structure of wheat allergens, effects of detergents and other chemicals on wheat allergenicity, and the role of genetics, microbiome, and food processing in wheat allergy. Although animal models have inherent limitations, they are critical to advance knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of wheat allergenicity. They can also serve as highly useful pre-clinical testing tools to develop safer genetically modified wheat, hypoallergenic wheat products, novel pharmaceuticals, and vaccines.

Download Full-text

Environmental Enrichment and Neuronal Plasticity

The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190635374.013.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gregory D. Clemenson ◽

Fred H. Gage ◽

Craig E.L. Stark

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Neuronal Plasticity ◽

Environmental Enrichment ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Spatial Exploration ◽

The Brain

This chapter reviews the literature on environmental enrichment and specifically discusses its influence on the hippocampus of the brain. In animal models, the term “environmental enrichment” is used to describe a well-defined manipulation in which animals are exposed to a larger and more stimulating environment. This experience has been shown to have a powerful and positive impact on hippocampal cognition and neuroplasticity in animals. In humans, however, the translation of environmental enrichment is less clear. Despite the fact that humans live considerably more enriching lives compared to laboratory animals, studies have shown that training and expertise (such as exercise and spatial exploration) can lead to both functional and structural changes in the human brain. This chapter is a comprehensive review of environmental enrichment, drawing parallels between animal models and humans to present a more complete understanding of environmental enrichment.

Download Full-text