scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse in Mexican Women: Type of Experience, Age, Perpetrator, and Disclosure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6931
Author(s):  
Pilar Rueda ◽  
Marta Ferragut ◽  
M. Victoria Cerezo ◽  
Margarita Ortiz-Tallo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Of Abuse ◽  
The Relationship

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a type of maltreatment that occurs in practically all countries and social statuses. Due to the taboo and shame that surrounds it, CSA is a problem universally silenced despite the important consequences (both physical and psychological) that it has for the victim and their family. This work aimed to study the correlates of CSA in Mexican women. Our sample comprised 1058 women ranged from 18 to 73 years (M = 40.19; SD = 10.24). They completed an anonymous online survey including questions about all the different types of abuse, questions about who perpetrated it, at what age it happened, and whether the victim disclosed the abuse. Our results showed that, depending on the type of abuse, from 13.9% to 65.8% of the participants had suffered at least one episode of CSA throughout their childhood. The first episode typically occurred between 6 and 12 years old, with the perpetrator being a male. The youngest women reported higher rates of being shown pornography by a family member, whereas the oldest ones reported higher rates of exhibitionism by a stranger. Only 31.3% of the sample disclosed the abuse, usually to their mother or a peer. Differences among the correlates of the different types of abuse, the age of the victims, and the relationship with the perpetrator are discussed as well as the victims’ feelings of being believed when they disclosed the abuse.

scholarly journals Coping with Sexual Abuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Tameka Romeo ◽  
Henry Otgaar ◽  
Sara Landstrom
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

General consensus exists in the psychological literature with regard to what constitutes child sexual abuse (CSA) and the negative implications for victims of CSA throughout the course of their lives. Recently, different types of cognitive strategies that victims may use to cope with CSA and the possible effects of these coping strategies on memory have received considerable empirical attention. The first aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the current literature about why, how, and when victims of CSA use the cognitive coping strategies of false denial, disclosure, and recantation to cope with psychological, emotional, and even interpersonal implications of their abuse. Over the years, disclosure is the one strategy that has been researched extensively, whereas research on false denial and recantation has barely just begun. The second aim is to provide a recent overview of the relationship between coping strategies and memory in the context of CSA. Specifically, we will discuss how false denials may have the potential to negatively affect a victim’s memory. Finally, we present an argument for the need to undertake research into insufficiently examined coping strategies such as false denial and recantation.

Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Spain: A Representative Sample Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110428
Author(s):  
Marta Ferragut ◽  
Margarita Ortiz-Tallo ◽  
Maria J. Blanca
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Pornographic Material

The prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) is difficult to assess, and rates vary widely across studies due to methodological and sample differences. In Spain, prevalence data from representative samples are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of different CSA experiences in a sample that was representative of the Spanish population in terms of gender, age, and region. The sample comprised 1,071 (539 male and 532 female) Spanish adults ( Mage = 45.37; SD = 14.84). Participants completed an anonymous online survey about different types of CSA and were asked whether they had disclosed the experience at the time. Prevalence was analyzed as a function of gender and generation. Results indicated prevalence rates ranging from 2.8% to 18.5%, depending on the type of experience. The most common experience suffered during childhood was being shown pornographic material, while that with the lowest prevalence was being forced to perform a sexual act involving penetration. Prevalence was higher in females than males for eight of the ten experiences considered. Young adults from Generation Z were the most likely to report having suffered three of the CSA experiences, two of them related to technology. Only 27.5% of respondents said that they had told someone about the abuse at the time, mainly their mother (more common among females) or a friend/peer (more frequent among males). The results suggest that CSA is prevalent in Spain, with considerable rates for several types of abusive experience, especially among females and the youngest generation. The implications of the results are discussed. The findings may inform social policy and the development of effective prevention programs.

scholarly journals Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse: Abusive Contact and Penetration Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9593
Author(s):  
Marta Ferragut ◽  
Margarita Ortiz-Tallo ◽  
Maria J. Blanca
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Female Perpetrator

Child sexual abuse (CSA) includes abusive contact experiences, which habitually impact the victim’s whole life. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of six CSA experiences with physical contact, including penetration, in a representative sample of the Spanish population. Participants were 1071 Spanish adults (53% males; Mage: 45.37) who completed the Child Sexual Abuse Experiences Questionnaire. The victim’s age at the first episode, the perpetrator’s characteristics, and the number of times that each experience occurred were analyzed, taking into account gender differences. Results were reported for every experience independently. The most prevalent age at the first experience was from 6 years old onwards, but with differences in some experiences. The abuses usually happened more than once, committed by the same person. The most prevalent perpetrator is a male, although a female perpetrator is more prevalent in male victims. Most of the abuses were committed by an adult acquaintance, a strange adult, and other minors, with some gender differences. The implications of the results concerning every CSA experience are discussed, highlighting their value for future research and practice, the design of preventive programs, and early detection of CSA.

One click is all it takes: technology-assisted child sexual abuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 605 (10) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Joanna Płonka
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Support Services ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Nature Of Technology ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Online Abuse ◽  
Different Types

In times of easily accessible technology and the Internet, the number of technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA) is increasing. Anonymity, the multitude of victims that can be reached at the same time, as well as the variety of online abuse forms are in some way conducive to the perpetrators of sexual crimes in undertaking the act. Nevertheless, specialists in the field indicate that the phenomenon itself, as well as its consequences are not fully investigated. The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to the issues of TA-CSA by: 1) to present what the phenomenon of child sexual abuse is and what notions it entails, 2) to identify different types and forms of online sexual abuse (cyber grooming, sexting, sextortion and web-cam sexting), and 3) to take a close look at several selected research studies in the field, examining the consequences of technology-assisted sexual abuse on children. From previous reports of researchers investigating the causes and effects of child sexual abuse, including technology-assisted abuse, it can be concluded that the consequences of online abuse are very similar to those of offline sexual abuse, and even include additional factors that victims must face. Further research on this topic should therefore be looked at in order to better understand the nature of technology-assisted sexual abuse and not succumb to the illusion of this type of experience minor importance over the experience of offline sexual violence. Understanding the relevance and consequences of this phenomenon will allow for effective interventions in support services and educational activities.

scholarly journals Sustainable Public Procurement: The Impact of Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity on the Implementation of Different Types of Sustainable Public Procurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Grandia ◽  
Dylan Voncken
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Green Public Procurement ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Social

Public organisations develop sustainable public procurement (SPP) policies to compel suppliers to contribute to societal goals. Studies show that the ability, motivation, and opportunity that procurers have to procure in a sustainable manner affect the uptake of SPP. Most studies into SPP examine these factors only in the context of one type of SPP (e.g., green procurement). The goal of this paper is therefore to examine the relationship between ability, motivation, and opportunity and six types of SPP: (1) green public procurement, (2) social return on investment, (3) circular economy, (4) bio-based public procurement, (5) innovation-oriented public procurement and (6) international social criteria. An online survey was administered amongst procurers working in Dutch public organisations. The research shows that ability, motivation, and opportunity affect Green Public Procurement (GPP). Opportunity did affect green public procurement, innovation-oriented public procurement and circular economy, but not the other types of SPP. We were unable to identify an antecedent of more social types of SPP in this research. This research shows that findings based on GPP cannot be directly generalized to other types of SPP, and that there is a need for research into the antecedents of social types of SPP.

scholarly journals The Decline of Child Sexual Abuse in Canada: Evidence From the 2014 General Social Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 638-646
Author(s):  
Margot Shields ◽  
Lil Tonmyr ◽  
Wendy E. Hovdestad
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Low Income ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Low Income Households

Objective: To provide evidence of trends in child sexual abuse (CSA) in Canada. Methods: Using data from 15,801 males and 18,669 females who responded to the 2014 General Social Survey (GSS), we compared the prevalence of CSA by age cohorts. Age cohort patterns were examined for several sub-populations including males, females, Indigenous peoples, and people living in low-income households. Results: After an increase in the post-World War II period, there has been a decline in CSA in Canada since the early 1990s. Findings indicate a decline for both sexes; although, the evidence is more compelling for females. There is also evidence of a decline for Indigenous peoples, for those living in low-income households, and regardless of the relationship to the perpetrator (i.e., family member, a teacher/professor/tutor, a babysitter, a nanny, other non-family member but known to the respondent, or a stranger). Conclusions: In Canada, evidence from 3 retrospective population surveys suggests a decline in CSA since the early 1990s. However, given the associated harm, continued progress to the eradication of CSA is essential.

The ‘Anatomy’ of Female Child Sexual Abuse: Who does what to Young Girls?

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Romans ◽  
Judy L. Martin ◽  
Jessie C. Anderson ◽  
Martine L. O'shea ◽  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Sexually Abusive ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Stranger Danger

Objective: This paper aims to describe the characteristics of sexually abusive acts experienced by female children in order to identify those perpetrators who inflict intrusive and repeated child sexual abuse (CSA). Method: Data were collected from a random New Zealand sample of women aged 18 to 65 years who reported CSA, and a similar number of non-abused comparison women. Information on the perpetrator, the type of CSA, and perpetrator strategies were cross-tabulated. Results: The perpetrators were usually young men, well known to the victim or her family. Greater CSA intrusiveness was statistically associated with greater CSA frequency. Father/stepfather abusers were most likely to perpetrate intrusive and frequent CSA. However, family associates and non-paternal relatives were numerically more often reported as perpetrators than fathers/stepfathers. Stranger-perpetrators featured infrequently. Conclusion: We conclude that the most frequent and invasive CSA comes from someone well known to the child, particularly a family member or trusted friend. A focus by the courts or health professionals on either incest only (i.e. CSA between biological relatives) or ‘stranger danger’ will overlook the large categories of CSA perpetrated by secondary relative and family friend abusers.

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