scholarly journals Children’s Greenness Exposure and IQ-Associated DNA Methylation: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7429
Author(s):  
Kyung-Shin Lee ◽  
Yoon-Jung Choi ◽  
Jin-Woo Cho ◽  
Sung-Ji Moon ◽  
Youn-Hee Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Regulatory Pathways

Epigenetics is known to be involved in regulatory pathways through which greenness exposure influences child development and health. We aimed to investigate the associations between residential surrounding greenness and DNA methylation changes in children, and further assessed the association between DNA methylation and children’s intelligence quotient (IQ) in a prospective cohort study. We identified cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sites (CpGs) associated with cognitive abilities from epigenome- and genome-wide association studies through a systematic literature review for candidate gene analysis. We estimated the residential surrounding greenness at age 2 using a geographic information system. DNA methylation was analyzed from whole blood using the HumanMethylationEPIC array in 59 children at age 2. We analyzed the association between greenness exposure and DNA methylation at age 2 at the selected CpGs using multivariable linear regression. We further investigated the relationship between DNA methylation and children’s IQ. We identified 8743 CpGs associated with cognitive ability based on the literature review. Among these CpGs, we found that 25 CpGs were significantly associated with greenness exposure at age 2, including cg26269038 (Bonferroni-corrected p ≤ 0.05) located in the body of SLC6A3, which encodes a dopamine transporter. DNA methylation at cg26269038 at age 2 was significantly associated with children’s performance IQ at age 6. Exposure to surrounding greenness was associated with cognitive ability-related DNA methylation changes, which was also associated with children’s IQ. Further studies are warranted to clarify the epigenetic pathways linking greenness exposure and neurocognitive function.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF INJURIES IN SOCCER PLAYERS – MAPPINGFOOT: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Felix Albuquerque Drummond ◽  
Douglas dos Santos Soares ◽  
Hélder Gabriel Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Denise Entrudo ◽  
Sohaila Dalbianco Younes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Professional Soccer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the positive effects of physical activity on global health are well documented, sports practice is associated with a greater risk of injury; in professional soccer in particular, the risk is substantial. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of injuries among male athletes competing in the regional soccer championship. The secondary objective was to determine the prevalence of injuries. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, level of evidence II, the incidence and prevalence of injuries were assessed using an adapted version of the UEFA Champions League Study questionnaire. Results: This study included 310 male athletes from ten teams, aged 26.53±4.75 years, height 180.93±6.49 cm, and weight 79.32±8.29 kg, with a 4-month follow-up. Ninety-two injuries were recorded, representing a prevalence of 29.68% injuries. The body part most frequently injured was the lower limbs (86.9%). The main types of injuries were muscle tear/strain (37.0%), sprain/ligament (19.6%), and other injuries (14.1%). The injuries were mainly caused during run/sprint (33.7%), kick (12.0%) and jumping/landing (6.5%). The incidences of injuries were 15.88±8.57, 2.04±1.09, and 3.65±1.50 injuries/1000h of exposure during matches, training, and matches/training, respectively. Time-loss over the season was between 1 and 50 days, and the severity of the injuries was as follows: light (25%), minor (22.8%), moderate (43.5%) and severe (8.7%). Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a higher incidence of injuries during matches compared to training, among male regional soccer championship players. The lower limbs are the body part most affected, with a higher prevalence of rupture/strain in the thigh region, during running/sprinting. Level of evidence II; Prospective Cohort Study .

scholarly journals Role of cognitive ability in the association between functional health literacy and mortality in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: a prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Fawns-Ritchie ◽  
John M Starr ◽  
Ian J Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Functional Health Literacy ◽  
Fluid Type ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

ObjectivesWe investigated the role that childhood and old age cognitive ability play in the association between functional health literacy and mortality.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThis study used data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study, which recruited participants living in the Lothian region of Scotland when aged 70 years, most of whom had completed an intelligence test at age 11 years.Participants795 members of the LBC1936 with scores on tests of functional health literacy and cognitive ability in childhood and older adulthood.Primary and secondary outcome measuresParticipants were followed up for 8 years to determine mortality. Time to death in days was used as the primary outcome measure.ResultsUsing Cox regression, higher functional health literacy was associated with lower risk of mortality adjusting for age and sex, using the Shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98), the Newest Vital Sign (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.97) and a functional health literacy composite measure (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), but not the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.01). Adjusting for childhood intelligence did not change these associations. When additionally adjusting for fluid-type cognitive ability in older age, associations between functional health literacy and mortality were attenuated and non-significant.ConclusionsCurrent fluid ability, but not childhood intelligence, attenuated the association between functional health literacy and mortality. Functional health literacy measures may, in part, assess fluid-type cognitive abilities, and this may account for the association between functional health literacy and mortality.

scholarly journals Cognitive Ability in Midlife and Labor Market Participation Among Older Workers: Prospective Cohort Study With Register Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Emil Sundstrup ◽  
Åse M. Hansen ◽  
Erik L. Mortensen ◽  
Otto M. Poulsen ◽  
Thomas Clausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Market Participation

scholarly journals Evaluation of polygenic risk scores for ovarian cancer risk prediction in a prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 546-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Goska Leslie ◽  
Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj ◽  
Andy Ryan ◽  
Maria Intermaggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
The Absolute

BackgroundGenome-wide association studies have identified >30 common SNPs associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We evaluated the combined effects of EOC susceptibility SNPs on predicting EOC risk in an independent prospective cohort study.MethodsWe genotyped ovarian cancer susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a nested case–control study (750 cases and 1428 controls) from the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were constructed and their associations with EOC risk were evaluated using logistic regression. The absolute risk of developing ovarian cancer by PRS percentiles was calculated.ResultsThe association between serous PRS and serous EOC (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.58, p=1.3×10–11) was stronger than the association between overall PRS and overall EOC risk (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.45, p=5.4×10–10). Women in the top fifth percentile of the PRS had a 3.4-fold increased EOC risk compared with women in the bottom 5% of the PRS, with the absolute EOC risk by age 80 being 2.9% and 0.9%, respectively, for the two groups of women in the population.ConclusionPRSs can be used to predict future risk of developing ovarian cancer for women in the general population. Incorporation of PRSs into risk prediction models for EOC could inform clinical decision-making and health management.

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