Cluster Analysis of Urban Acoustic Environments on Barcelona Sensor Network Data

As cities grow in size and number of inhabitants, continuous monitoring of the environmental impact of sound sources becomes essential for the assessment of the urban acoustic environments. This requires the use of management systems that should be fed with large amounts of data captured by acoustic sensors, mostly remote nodes that belong to a wireless acoustic sensor network. These systems help city managers to conduct data-driven analysis and propose action plans in different areas of the city, for instance, to reduce citizens’ exposure to noise. In this paper, unsupervised learning techniques are applied to discover different behavior patterns, both time and space, of sound pressure levels captured by acoustic sensors and to cluster them allowing the identification of various urban acoustic environments. In this approach, the categorization of urban acoustic environments is based on a clustering algorithm using yearly acoustic indexes, such as Lday, Levening, Lnight and standard deviation of Lden. Data collected over three years by a network of acoustic sensors deployed in the city of Barcelona, Spain, are used to train several clustering methods. Comparison between methods concludes that the k-means algorithm has the best performance for these data. After an analysis of several solutions, an optimal clustering of four groups of nodes is chosen. Geographical analysis of the clusters shows insights about the relation between nodes and areas of the city, detecting clusters that are close to urban roads, residential areas and leisure areas mostly. Moreover, temporal analysis of the clusters gives information about their stability. Using one-year size of the sliding window, changes in the membership of nodes in the clusters regarding tendency of the acoustic environments are discovered. In contrast, using one-month windowing, changes due to seasonality and special events, such as COVID-19 lockdown, are recognized. Finally, the sensor clusters obtained by the algorithm are compared with the areas defined in the strategic noise map, previously created by the Barcelona city council. The developed k-means model identified most of the locations found on the overcoming map and also discovered a new area.

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Zieleń w Warszawskim Standardzie Mieszkaniowym

ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo ◽

10.22630/aspa.2019.18.3.30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

Beata Gawryszewska ◽

Justyna Biernacka

Keyword(s):

City Council ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Technology Standards ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Standard Version ◽

Grass Roots ◽

Housing Standard ◽

Grass Roots Initiatives ◽

The City ◽

Aesthetic Preferences

Warsaw Housing Standard version 1.2 (Warszawski Standard Mieszkaniowy - WSM 1.2) developed in 2018 by the City Council of Warsaw lists a nature, and a greenery as one of five priorities in urban investments. That is why it was so important to develop it using principles of the sustainable construction, including the needs of the residents’ community. The aim of the article was to verify the standard’s regulations on the background of processes of dwelling, as well as the changing aesthetic preferences of residents in the field of greenery and popular building and sustainable technology standards. The paper contains extensive quotations of WSM 1.2 and a comparison of indicators and research results. The material aimed characteristics of contemporary directions in landscaping in residential areas and its optimization (including free vegetation and residents’ grass-roots initiatives). The concept of EKOSPOT has also been widely discussed.

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Perencanaan Sistem Pengurangan Sampah Permukiman Bantaran Sungai Cidurian Kota Bandung

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v4i2.1466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Raka Maulana ◽

Yulianti Pratama ◽

Lina Apriyanti

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

River Basin ◽

River Flow ◽

Waste Reduction ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Community Based ◽

Inorganic Waste ◽

Waste Bank ◽

The City

<p>Some areas in the city of Bandung is an area that dilitasi by the flow of the river, to prevent the introduction of garbage into the river basin is necessary to note the waste management systems in residential areas along the river. Cidurian river has a length of 24.86 Km along the river flow. Consists of the city of Bandung and Bandung regency. Administrative regions Cidurian River past eight (8) districts, from the region in the District Kiaracondong precisely Village Babakan Babakan Sari and Surabaya populous and the most densely populated. Thus, there should be community-based waste management in the form of a reduction in resources to prevent potential entry of waste into the river basin. Planning waste reduction will be divided into two, namely the reduction of inorganic waste with waste bank then the reduction of organic waste with absorption holes biopori, and bio reactor mini determination of the reduction is determined by the results of the analysis of the sampling covers the composition and garbage, then the result of the measurement characteristics test and analysis results questionnaire.</p>

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Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand

TRANSNATIONAL MARKETING JOURNAL ◽

10.33182/tmj.v5i2.382 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 109-120

Author(s):

Cecília Avelino Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Social Construction ◽

Place Branding ◽

Symbolic Capital ◽

City Council ◽

Point Of View ◽

City Branding ◽

The Past ◽

Behavioral Expression ◽

The City ◽

City Identity

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.

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Treading Angels: Edinburgh and its Festivals

Scottish Affairs ◽

10.3366/scot.2019.0285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 290-317

Author(s):

David McCrone

Keyword(s):

City Council ◽

The City ◽

Public Bodies

How did Edinburgh become ‘festival city’? Despite appearances, it was not always so, and it acquired the accolade by happenstance; in the view of one observer, a ‘strange amalgam of cultural banditry, civic enterprise and idealism’. The official Festival's survival was down to the City Council, and it was funded almost entirely by public bodies. This was the central structure around which The Fringe developed, and The Traverse prospered, along with smaller festivals and events to become Festival City. The story sheds considerable light on how Edinburgh ‘works’, its strengths and weaknesses combined.

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An Efficient Clustering Algorithm Based on Expectation Maximization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network

Oct. 17-19, 2017 Dubai (UAE) ◽

10.15242/dirpub.dir1017011 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Expectation Maximization ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Expectation Maximization Algorithm ◽

Wireless Sensor

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An Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm Using Harmony Memory Search for Wireless Sensor Network

International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS) ◽

10.15866/iremos.v11i5.13584 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 325

Author(s):

Chakravarthi Narmadha ◽

P. Marichamy ◽

A. E. Narayanan

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Memory Search ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Energy Efficient Clustering ◽

Harmony Memory

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Developing Multi-Tier Network Design for Effective Energy Consumption of Cluster Head Selection in WSN

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v13i1.9386 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Wan Isni Sofiah Wan Din ◽

Saadiah Yahya ◽

Mohd Nasir Taib ◽

Ahmad Ihsan Mohd Yassin ◽

Razulaimi Razali

Keyword(s):

Sensor Network ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Residual Energy ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Cluster Head Selection ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Network Cluster ◽

Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽

The Stability

Clustering in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the methods to minimize the energy usage of sensor network. The design of sensor network itself can prolong the lifetime of network. Cluster head in each cluster is an important part in clustering to ensure the lifetime of each sensor node can be preserved as it acts as an intermediary node between the other sensors. Sensor nodes have the limitation of its battery where the battery is impossible to be replaced once it has been deployed. Thus, this paper presents an improvement of clustering algorithm for two-tier network as we named it as Multi-Tier Algorithm (MAP). For the cluster head selection, fuzzy logic approach has been used which it can minimize the energy usage of sensor nodes hence maximize the network lifetime. MAP clustering approach used in this paper covers the average of 100Mx100M network and involves three parameters that worked together in order to select the cluster head which are residual energy, communication cost and centrality. It is concluded that, MAP dominant the lifetime of WSN compared to LEACH and SEP protocols. For the future work, the stability of this algorithm can be verified in detailed via different data and energy.

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Spatial Hotspot Analysis of Bucharest’s Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Modis Data

Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste Geographical Series ◽

10.2478/avutgs-2018-0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 14-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Georgiana Grigoraș ◽

Bogdan Urițescu

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Land Surface ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Monitoring Network ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Hotspot Analysis ◽

The City

Abstract The aim of the study is to find the relationship between the land surface temperature and air temperature and to determine the hot spots in the urban area of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. The analysis was based on images from both moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), located on both Terra and Aqua platforms, as well as on data recorded by the four automatic weather stations existing in the endowment of The National Air Quality Monitoring Network, from the summer of 2017. Correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and air temperature were higher at night (0.8-0.87) and slightly lower during the day (0.71-0.77). After the validation of satellite data with in-situ temperature measurements, the hot spots in the metropolitan area of Bucharest were identified using Getis-Ord spatial statistics analysis. It has been achieved that the “very hot” areas are grouped in the center of the city and along the main traffic streets and dense residential areas. During the day the "very hot spots” represent 33.2% of the city's surface, and during the night 31.6%. The area where the mentioned spots persist, falls into the "very hot spot" category both day and night, it represents 27.1% of the city’s surface and it is mainly represented by the city center.

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