scholarly journals Insecticidal Efficacy of Microbial-Mediated Synthesized Copper Nano-Pesticide against Insect Pests and Non-Target Organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10536
Author(s):  
Perumal Vivekanandhan ◽  
Kannan Swathy ◽  
Adelina Thomas ◽  
Eliningaya J. Kweka ◽  
Afroja Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Lower Toxicity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Afm Analysis

Currently, medical and stored grain pests are major concerns of public health and economies worldwide. The synthetic pesticides cause several side effects to human and non-target organisms. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized from an aqueous extract of Metarhizium robertsii and screened for insecticidal activity against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Tenebrio molitor and other non-target organisms such as Artemia salina, Artemia nauplii, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eudrilus andrei. The synthesized copper nano-particles were characterized using, UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDaX), High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HR-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analysis. Insects were exposed to 25 μg/mL concentration produced significant mortality against larvae of A. stephensi, A. aegypti, C. quinquefasciatus and T. molitor. The lower toxicity was observed on non-target organisms. Results showed that, M. robertsii mediated synthesized CuNPs is highly toxic to targeted pests while they had lower toxicity were observed on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Cailian Du ◽  
Jieming Zhang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Analysis

Nanotechnology is increasingly being used in areas of pesticide production and pest management. This study reports the isolation and virulence of a new Metarhizium anisopliae isolate SM036, along with the synthesis and characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles followed by studies on the efficacy of nanoparticles against Plutella xylostella. The newly identified strain proved pathogenic to P. xylostella under laboratory conditions. The characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles through different analytical techniques showed the successful synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM and HRTEM images confirmed the synthesis of spherical-shaped nanoparticles; X-ray diffractogram showed strong peaks between 2θ values of 16–30°; and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed a particle size of 75.83 nm for M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles, respectively. The bioassay studies demonstrated that different concentrations of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles were highly effective against second instar P. xylostella under laboratory and semi-field conditions. These findings suggest that M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles can potentially be used in biorational P. xylostella management programs.

Improved Functional Capabilities of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures

2016 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Serge Zhuiykov
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Afm Analysis

Electrical properties and morphology of orthorhombic β–WO3 nano-flakes with thickness of ~7-9 nm were investigated at the nanoscale using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and current sensing force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (CSFS-AFM, or PeakForce TUNATM). CSFS-AFM analysis established good correlation between the topography of the developed nanostructures and various features of WO3 nano-flakes synthesized via a two-step sol-gel-exfoliation method. It was determined that β–WO3 nano-flakes annealed at 550°C possess distinguished and exceptional thickness-dependent properties in comparison with the bulk, micro- and nano-structured WO3 synthesized at alternative temperatures.

Mixed-layer illite-smectite in the Kinnekulle K-bentonite, northern Baltic Basin

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Somelar ◽  
K. Kirsimäe ◽  
J. Środoń
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Analysis ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Layer Mineral

AbstractThe composition and particle morphology of diagenetic mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S) in the shallow buried Ordovician Kinnekulle K-bentonite were studied to understand the process of illitization in the Baltic Basin. The same K-bentonite bed from 12 different locations in the Basin was sampled and analysed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and K-Ar dating. Illite-smectite in the samples was identified as a highly illitic R1 type illite-smectite vermiculite (high-charge smectite) mixed-layer mineral with 63–78% illitic layers. Illite-smectite was characterized by log-normally distributed thin particles with an area-weighted mean thickness varying from 1.9 to 3.6 nm and 2.1 to 3.8 nm by XRD-PVP and AFM analysis, respectively. The K-Ar diagenetic ages of the mixed-layer minerals suggest an illitization age of 370 to 420 Ma that agrees with the latest phase of the Caledonian orogeny. Illitization of the Kinnekulle bentonite was probably driven by the intrusion of K-rich fluids.

scholarly journals Ciprofloxacin Based on Carrier Double Layered Hydroxide Nano-particles of Fe+3/Fe+2, Fe+3/Ni+2, Al+3/Fe+2, and Al+3/Ni+2 Ions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Noor M. Mohammed ◽  
Farah AH. Kadhim ◽  
Aseel A. Hammood ◽  
Ashour H. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Double Layered Hydroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The double-layered hydroxide nano-particles compounds with ciprofloxacin drug were carried out by preparation of the double layered hydroxide (DLH) of M+3/M+2 ions for selective ions. The ciprofloxacin drug was inserted between them. The resulted compounds were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy; the antibacterial studied done by using the gram (+) and gram (-) pigments.

Electrical and Optical Properties of Gold-strontium Titanate Nano-composite Thin Films

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ganti ◽  
Y Dhopade ◽  
R K Gupta ◽  
K Ghosh ◽  
P K Kahol
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Strontium Titanate ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Composite Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractThin films based on nano-composites have attracted considerable attention for their possible applications in devices and sensors. These nano-composite thin films are formed by embedding metal or semiconductor nano-particles in a host material and they exhibit interesting electrical transport properties. Using pulsed laser deposition technique, we have prepared nano-composite thin films of gold-strontium titanate on quartz substrate. Gold and strontium titanate were used as targets for pulsed laser deposition. Thin films having different compositions were grown. The effect of different composition on their electrical and optical properties has been studied in details. The structural characterizations of the films were done by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy as well as atomic force microscopy shows the presence of gold nano-particles in these films. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy shows the existence of strontium titanate and gold. Current-voltage characteristics and temperature dependent resistivity measurements were made to characterize electrical properties of these films. Electrical properties can be manipulated from metal to insulator through semiconductor by varying the composition. In addition, it is observed that the absorption of visible light increases with increase in gold percentage. This indicates that these nano-composites could also use as active materials for many electronic as well as optical sensors.

scholarly journals Effect of Poly (Sodium 4-Styrene Sulfonate) on the Morphology of Hydroxyapatite Particles

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesa Esmaeilian Tari ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Kashani Motlagh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanorods hydroxyapatite, (HAP) is successfully prepared by water in oil microemulsion using, and (water phase), poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS) as template and cyclohexane as oil phase. The nano-structure of the product was studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). With this system, we could synthesize nano-particles of hydroxyapatite with high crystallinity and least agglomeration.

Adsorption of UO2 2+ by AlBaNi-layered double hydroxide nano-particles: kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivea Abd Al-Azim Elhefnawy ◽  
Amira Abd ElFattah Elabd
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Abstract AlBaNi-LDH nanoparticles have been synthesized by the co-precipitation method. A series of characterization analyses (Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, Transmission Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscope, and Infrared spectroscopy) proved that the surface structure of AlBaNi-LDH nano-particles was the key mechanism for UO2 2+ adsorption. The synthesized product showed good performance in UO2 2+ adsorption efficiency in neutral pH with a maximal adsorption capacity of 137 mg/g. The results demonstrated the adsorption process fitted well with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. Also, the effects of coexisting ions and different eluents are briefly described. These results confirm that AlBaNi-LDH is an effective material for the adsorption of UO2 2+ from an aqueous solution with reusable availability.

Growth of 3C-SiC on Si: Influence of Process Pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Severino ◽  
Christopher L. Frewin ◽  
Ruggero Anzalone ◽  
Corrado Bongiorno ◽  
Patrick Fiorenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Process Pressure ◽  
Flat Film ◽  
Afm Analysis

In this work a comparison between atmospheric pressure (AP) and low pressure (LP) carbonization as the first step in the growth process of 3C-SiC on Si substrates is presented. Three different Si substrate orientations have been studied and compared. Characterization analysis has been performed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD and AFM analysis show a lower roughness and a better quality for LPCVD carbonized samples. Substrate orientation plays an important role both in the generation as well as in the effect of such defects in the subsequent growth process, leading to a rougher SiC surface for growth on (110) Si while micro-twin effects are limited for growth on (111) Si, resulting in an extremely flat film.

scholarly journals Incorporation CdS with ZnS as Composite and Using in Photo-Decolorization of Congo Red Dye

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten Hadi Fakhri ◽  
Luma Majeed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Analysis ◽  
Red Dye

The aim of this manuscript was to modify the ZnS surface by incorporating with CdS photocatalyst. This manner led to depressing the recombination process and increasing the activity. The X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) data were proved that the CdS incorporated with ZnS and formed ZnS-CdS nanocomposite by observing new peaks at 26.92, 28.62, 30.52, and 47.26°. Based on the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis and Tauc equation, the particle sizes for all samples were raised with decreased the band gap values. The activation energy for decolorization of Congo red with the using ZnS is found to be more than that value for the using prepared ZnS-CdS composite. The percentage of efficiency was found to be increased with modified the ZnS surface.

CARBON ION IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON PULSED LASER DEPOSITED TITANIUM NITRIDE THIN FILMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHALIQ MAHMOOD ◽  
SHAZIA BASHIR ◽  
MAHREEN AKRAM ◽  
ASMA HAYAT ◽  
FAIZAN-Ul-HAQ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Analysis ◽  
Higher Doses

Pulse laser deposited thin films of TiN are irradiated by 1 MeV carbon (C+) ions beam for various doses ranging 0.4 to 2.8 × 1014 ions/cm2. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis reveals the formation of hillocks like structures after ion irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations show that the film crystallinity increases for lower doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 × 1014 ions/cm2 and decreases for higher doses (2 to 2.8 × 1014 ions/cm2) of ions. No new bands are identified from Raman spectroscopy. However, a noticeable change in microhardness has been observed. The hillock densities as well as hardness are strongly dependent upon ion dose.

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