scholarly journals Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Cailian Du ◽  
Jieming Zhang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Analysis

Nanotechnology is increasingly being used in areas of pesticide production and pest management. This study reports the isolation and virulence of a new Metarhizium anisopliae isolate SM036, along with the synthesis and characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles followed by studies on the efficacy of nanoparticles against Plutella xylostella. The newly identified strain proved pathogenic to P. xylostella under laboratory conditions. The characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles through different analytical techniques showed the successful synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM and HRTEM images confirmed the synthesis of spherical-shaped nanoparticles; X-ray diffractogram showed strong peaks between 2θ values of 16–30°; and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed a particle size of 75.83 nm for M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles, respectively. The bioassay studies demonstrated that different concentrations of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles were highly effective against second instar P. xylostella under laboratory and semi-field conditions. These findings suggest that M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles can potentially be used in biorational P. xylostella management programs.

Growth and Characterization of bulk GaN by Ga Vapor Transport

2004 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanikumar Konkapaka ◽  
Huaqiang Wu ◽  
Yuri Makarov ◽  
Michael G. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Spiral Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Bulk Gan ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

ABSTRACTBulk GaN crystals of dimensions 8.5 mm × 8.5 mm were grown at growth rates greater than 200μm/hr using Gallium Vapor Transport technique. GaN powder and Ammonia were used as the precursors for growing bulk GaN. Nitrogen is used as the carrier gas to transport the Ga vapor that was obtained from the decomposition of GaN powder. During the process, the source GaN powder was kept at 1155°C and the seed at 1180°C. Using this process, it was possible to achieve growth rates of above 200 microns/hr. The GaN layers thus obtained were characterized using X-Ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy [SEM], and atomic force microscopy [AFM]. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the grown GaN layers are single crystals oriented along c direction. AFM studies indicated that the dominant growth mode was dislocation mediated spiral growth. Electrical and Optical characterization were also performed on these samples. Hall mobility measurements indicated a mobility of 550 cm2/V.s and a carrier concentration of 6.67 × 1018/cm3

Improved Functional Capabilities of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures

2016 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Serge Zhuiykov
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Afm Analysis

Electrical properties and morphology of orthorhombic β–WO3 nano-flakes with thickness of ~7-9 nm were investigated at the nanoscale using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and current sensing force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (CSFS-AFM, or PeakForce TUNATM). CSFS-AFM analysis established good correlation between the topography of the developed nanostructures and various features of WO3 nano-flakes synthesized via a two-step sol-gel-exfoliation method. It was determined that β–WO3 nano-flakes annealed at 550°C possess distinguished and exceptional thickness-dependent properties in comparison with the bulk, micro- and nano-structured WO3 synthesized at alternative temperatures.

scholarly journals Natural and Activated Allophane Catalytic Activity Based on the Microactivity Test in Astm Norm 3907/D3907M-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3035
Author(s):  
Edward Henry Jiménez Calderón ◽  
Ana Emperatriz Paucar Tipantuña ◽  
Paulina Fernanda Herrera Mullo ◽  
Daniel Alejandro Hidalgo Cháfuel ◽  
Washington Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Activation ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Activating Agent

The optimal conditions of the catalytic activation of allophane were evaluated for possible use as a catalyst within a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit (FCC). The physicochemical properties of natural allophane and activated allophane were studied by using an alkaline activating agent, followed by a hydrothermal treatment. For the characterization, analytical techniques were used: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size, (BET) surface area, thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemisorption, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and chromatography. The catalytic evaluation was determined by the (MAT) micro activity test equipment constructed according to ASTM D-3907/D3907M-2019. In addition, the Navier–Stokes 3D equations (nonlinear partial derivatives) were studied, which allow studying molecular dynamics contributing substantively to chemical kinetics describing the process of decomposition of crude oil in thermal cracking, determining the maximum temperature at which it retains its properties through the action of heat.

Microstructural Characterization of Polyanhydride Blends for Controlled Drug Delivery

2000 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Shen ◽  
Hsin-Lung Chen ◽  
Balaji Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Drug Delivery Devices

AbstractThis research examines the microstructure of polyanhydride blends for use in drug delivery devices. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies were performed on the homopolymers and blends of the polyanhydrides poly(1,6-carboxyphenoxy hexane) (CPH) and poly(sebacic anhydride) (SA). AFM of the CPH/SA blends 20:80, 50:50, and 80:20 showed distinct patterns indicating spinodal decomposition and phase separation on the micron-scale. Because it has been shown that incorporated drugs will thermodynamically partition into phase-separated domains depending on their hydrophobicity, polyanhydride blends will be able to encapsulate larger bioactive compounds including nucleotides, proteins, and vaccines. Preliminary SAXS studies of the CPH/SA blend systems provide information on the crystalline morphology of the polymer. A peak shift to a lower q from poly(SA) to the blends indicates that the poly(CPH) is incorporated into and causes swelling of the interlamellar amorphous regions of poly(SA).

Characterization of Multiple Functional Solid Line of Graphite Ink Surface Printed by Micro-Flexographic

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 1379-1383
Author(s):  
M.I. Maksud ◽  
Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof ◽  
Zaidi Embong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Scanning Electron

The purpose of this paper is to study a ink surface morphology, quantify the chemical composition involved in processing of graphite ink printed by flexographic printing. The methodology is to use surface sensitive technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). As a finding we successfully achieved 25 micron lines array using PDMS printing plate. The Originality and value of this work is surface sensitive techniques like XPS, AFM and FESEM were exclusively used in order to characterize graphite inks printed by flexographic method, using PDMS printing plate.

Interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate and its reactivity toward uranium (VI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Nidia García-González ◽  
Eduardo Ordoñez-Regil ◽  
María Guadalupe Almazán-Torres ◽  
Eric Simoni
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Batch Method ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Modified

AbstractThe interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate surface and its reactivity toward uranium (VI) was investigated. The interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate was firstly studied using several analytical techniques including atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sorption of uranium (VI) onto surface-modified zirconium diphosphate was evaluated by the classical batch method at room temperature. This study showed that the uranium (VI) sorption onto zirconium diphosphate is influenced by the presence of salicylic acid. A fluorescence spectroscopy study revealed the presence of a uranyl specie onto the modified solid surface. The spectroscopy results were then used to restrain the modeling of experimental sorption data, which are interpreted in terms of a constant capacitance model using the FITEQL code. The results indicated that interaction between the uranium (VI) and the surface of zirconium diphosphate modified with salicylic acid leads to the formation of a ternary surface complex.

Structural characterization of dimercury(1+) pentacyanonitrosylferrate(2−), Hg2[Fe(CN)5NO]

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
V. Venegas ◽  
G. Rueda-Morales ◽  
E. Reguera ◽  
F. Caleyo
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Orthorhombic Symmetry ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Calculated Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Density Values

The titled compound, Hg2[Fe(CN)5NO], was synthesized and studied by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results arising from this study indicate that this compound is anhydrous and crystallizes in the P222 orthorhombic symmetry. The unit cell parameters were quantified as a=16.5905(9) Å, b=12.3145(8) Å, and c=8.7576(5) Å. The measured and calculated density values are Dm=1.149 g/cm3 and Dc=1.145 g/cm3, respectively, with Z=2.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Strontium Titanate Nanoparticles as Potential High Temperature Oxygen Sensor Material

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Voigts ◽  
Tanja Damjanovic ◽  
Günter Borchardt ◽  
Christos Argirusis ◽  
Wolfgang Maus-Friedrichs
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Strontium Titanate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensor Material ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

We present a simple and highly reproductive method for the preparation of thin films consisting of strontium titanate nanoparticles. The films are produced by spin coating of a sol on silicon targets and subsequent annealing under ambient conditions. Analysis by atomic force microscopy shows particles with typical sizes between 10 nm and 50 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy displays a stoichiometry of the films as anticipated from preliminary experiments with strontium titanate single crystals. Metastable-induced electron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy are used as tools to give evidence to the similar electronic properties of nanoparticle film and single crystal. These results support the prospect for an application of the nanoparticle films as high temperature oxygen sensor with superior properties.

CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINUM SURFACES AFTER DIFFERENT PRETREATMENTS AND EXPOSURE TO SILANE COUPLING AGENTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 08 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KONO ◽  
X. SUN ◽  
R. LI ◽  
K. C. WONG ◽  
K. A. R. MITCHELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Aluminum Surfaces

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to characterize surfaces of aluminum which have been pretreated by mechanical polishing, acid etching and alkaline etching, as well as given subsequent exposures to air and water. These surfaces can differ markedly with regard to their chemical compositions and topographical structures. Characterizations of these surfaces after exposures to three organosilanes, γ-GPS, BTSE and γ-APS, indicate that the amount of silane adsorbed in each case shows a tendency to increase both with the number of OH groups detected at the oxidized aluminum and with the surface roughness. The XPS data are consistent with the adhesion of γ-APS occurring through H bonding, especially via NH3+ groups.

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