scholarly journals Correlation between Neck Circumference and Other Anthropometric Measurements in Eight Latin American Countries. Results from ELANS Study

Author(s):  
Reyna Liria-Domínguez ◽  
Marcela Pérez-Albela ◽  
María-Paz Vásquez ◽  
Georgina Gómez ◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
...  

Neck circumference (NC) is being used to identify the risk of chronic diseases. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America, and neck circumference is a simple and practical measurement to assess this, especially in primary health centers. We analyzed the correlation between the NC anthropometric indicator and other anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) in eight Latin American cities. We applied Pearson’s correlation to identify the correlate NC with the other anthropometric variables stratified by sex; the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) by sex were evaluated according to the cut-off established with the Youden Index. The strongest correlations between NC and WC were found when stratified by sex (women: r = 0.71; men: r = 0.69, respectively) followed by the correlation between NC and BMI (r = 0.65, both sex). NC cut-off points of 39.0 cm in men and 32.9 cm in women identified those individuals with an increased WC and 39.8 and 33.7 cm, respectively, for a substantial increase in WC. For BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 for men, the cut-off point was 37.5 cm, and for women, it was 33.1 cm, and for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, the cut-off points were 39.2 and 34.2 cm, for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: NC proved to be a useful, practical, and inexpensive tool that can be used to identify, evaluate, and monitor overweight and obese individuals.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Armando Domínguez-Varela

Abstract In Mexico, like other Latin American countries, they have been among the most affected worldwide. And not only COVID-19 attacked us, but also political problems, crime, the high prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, the lack of job opportunities for families with low income and the lack of seriousness on part of a federal government facing a global problem. COVID-19 cases and deaths continue rising, better strategies, unity, leadership and a little of patience is needed to get ahead this never-ending crisis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Sofia Rincon Gallardo Patino ◽  
Ángela Carriedo ◽  
Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo ◽  
Jacqueline Araneda ◽  
Lorena Allemandi ◽  
...  

Background: Overweight and obesity rates in Latin America are much higher than the global prevalence. Front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition label systems are gaining momentum in Latin America and being implemented as a strategy to tackle obesity among children and adults. This study investigates the usage and preference of three FOP nutrition labels among Argentinian, Chilean, Costa Rican, and Mexican adult parents. Methods: From March to May 2016, a questionnaire was administered to 966 parents of elementary school aged children in Argentina (89), Chile (304), Costa Rica (258) and Mexico (315). Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA), traffic light (TL), and warning label FOP systems were compared and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using frequencies and proportions. Median differences tests, ANOVAs and logistic regression models were performed. A thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted using a deductive process. Results: Parents with low education levels and poor health conditions (i.e., overweight) preferred the FOP warning labels over the GDA and TL systems. The GDA FOP nutrition labels were preferred by parents with higher education levels. Overall, the TL system was preferred with no significant differences across countries. Conclusion: FOP warning labels are preferred by parents with vulnerable conditions (i.e., low education levels and overweight) across four Latin American countries. An easily understandable, readable and acceptable label may facilitate usage by vulnerable groups to make healthy food purchases. These results have important policy implications by providing evidence to government policymakers to enact legislation to implement or enhance existing FOP nutrition label policies as a viable strategy to reduce obesity risk.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 1227-1236
Author(s):  
Alba P Sarmiento ◽  
Pedro Dorado ◽  
Angélica Borbón ◽  
Fernando de Andrés ◽  
Adrián LLerena ◽  
...  

Background: Interethnic differences in CYP2D6 allele frequency have been demonstrated across Latin–American countries. Only one previous study describing CYP2D6 genotypes in Colombian population has been performed. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the CYP2D6 genetic variability in a mestizo Colombian population, as well as the similarities and differences concerning other Hispanic mestizo (HM) populations. Methodology: Two hundred and twelve unrelated healthy Colombian subjects were studied, in which different CYP2D6 polymorphisms were analyzed by extra long-PCR and real-time PCR. Results & discussion: A high percentage of ultrarapid metabolizers (18.4%) was found, representing the highest frequency calculated within the HM populations studied. However, the percentage of poor metabolizers (4.7%) was similar to those previously reported in HM populations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari ◽  
◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
Mauro Fisberg ◽  
Georgina Gomez ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awad Mohammed Al-Qahtani

Introduction. Obesity is becoming the most common health problem of the 21st century, as it will contribute significantly to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. The main objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults attending primary health care settings, southwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods. The studied population was composed of adults visiting primary health care centres in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a representative sample of 1681 adult patients. Obesity and overweight were defined according to the WHO standards. Statistical analysis was conducted using the statistical package SPSS 17.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of obesity and overweight in the studied population. Results. Data on body mass index (BMI) measurement was recorded for 1649 out of 1681 participants (98.1%). The overall mean weight was 74.1 ± 15.81 kg; and that for men was 77.69 ± 16.14 kg vs. 69.37 ± 14.02 kg for women with significant statistical difference of p < 0.001. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was, respectively, 38.3% and 27.6%. Smoking was not significantly associated with obesity, whereas hypertension was significantly associated with obesity. The risk of overweight or obesity significantly increased from the highest to the lowest monthly income; it passed from 1.67 CI 95% = [1.24-2.25] within the category 5000-7000 SAR to 2.23 CI 95% = [1.71-2.90] within the category less than 5000 SAR. Conclusion. Our study showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity which should be considered as a public health concern to be followed by specific interventions at the community level with multidisciplinary activities starting from childhood as a primordial prevention program.


Author(s):  
Gerson Ferrari ◽  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Tiago Barreira ◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
Georgina Gómez ◽  
...  

The aim of the present study was to examine the sex-related associations between accelerometer-measured daily step counts and adiposity indicators in adults from eight Latin American countries. We analyzed data from 2524 adults (aged 18–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Device-measured daily step counts were measured by accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X). The outcomes were body mass index (BMI; (kg/m2), waist and neck circumference (in cm). Overall, the mean of daily steps counts, BMI, waist and neck circumference were 10699.8, 27.3, 89.6, and 35.8. Weak and negative associations were observed between daily steps counts and BMI (r = −0.17; p < 0.05) and waist circumference (r = −0.16; p < 0.05); however, step counts was not associated with neck circumference. Daily steps counts were negatively associated with BMI (β: −0.054; 95%CI: −0.077; −0.012) and waist circumference (−0.098; −0.165; −0.030) independently of age and socioeconomic level. In men, there were significant negative associations between daily steps counts with BMI (−0.075; −0.119; −0.031) and waist circumference (−0.140; −0.233; −0.048), and in women, there was no significant association with either of the body composition indicators. The findings from this study need to be examined in prospective settings that use device-measured from Latin America.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dorlach

Abstract Over the last decade, Latin American countries have become leaders in the emerging policy field of front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL). Recommended by public health experts and the World Health Organization, FOPNL regulations seek to improve the healthiness of population diets and thereby reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity and associated non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. In 2011, Chile passed the world's first comprehensive nutrition labelling law and now prohibits school sales and daytime advertisement of any product labeled “high in” sugar, salt, saturated fats, or calories. Ecuador introduced a mandatory traffic-light labelling scheme in 2014, while Peru, Uruguay, and Mexico introduced Chile-style warning labels since 2018. Several other Latin American countries, including Argentina and Brazil, are currently debating the introduction of mandatory front-of-pack warning labels. In contrast, most countries in the Global North have so far failed to introduce mandatory FOPNL and the European Union even banned its member states from doing so in 2011. This presentation will trace and explain this emergence of FOPNL in Latin America.


Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽  
Paulo César Franzini ◽  
Raymundo Pires Júnior ◽  
José Maria Moya Morales

O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver uma análise sobre o comportamento de medidas antropométricas e resultados de testes motores que procuram evidenciar as características de crescimento físico e aptidão física em uma amostra internacional de adolescentes de três cidades latino-americanas localizadas na Argentina, Brasil e Chile. A amostra utilizada constituiu-se de 1357 adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 17 anos (48,6 rapazes) selecionados nos três países. As características antropométricas foram determinadas através das medidas de estatura, peso corporal e espessuras de dobras cutâneas. Quanto à aptidão física, foram administrados os testes de sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, preensão manual, sit-up, corrida 10 X 5 metros e caminhada/corrida progressiva de vai-e-vem. Os resultados mostraram que as medidas antropométricas somente começaram a apresentar diferenças importantes entre os sexos a partir dos 14 anos, enquanto diferenças relacionadas à aptidão física foram constatadas favorecendo os rapazes em quase todos os testes motores desde os 12 anos, elevando-se o dimorfismo sexual com o avanço da idade. Os achados apontaram diferenças significativas nas medidas antropométricas e nos resultados dos testes motores apresentados pelos adolescentes das três cidades/países latino-americanas. Concluindo, as evidencias encontradas sugerem que as intervenções de monitoramento do crescimento físico e da aptidão física devam ser concebidas para alcançar grupos-objetivos específicos e contemplar ações de acordo com características socioculturais e ambientais dos adolescentes desses três países. Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un análisis del comportamiento de las mediciones antropométricas y resultados de las pruebas de motor que buscan poner de relieve las características de crecimiento físico y la condición física en una muestra internacional de los adolescentes de tres ciudades latinoamericanas ubicadas en Argentina, Brasil y Chile. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1357 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años (48,6 varones) seleccionados en los tres países. Las características antropométricas fueron determinados por la medición de la altura, el peso corporal y el espesor del pliegue cutáneo. En cuanto a la aptitud física, se les administró el test sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, prensión manual, sit-up, corriendo 10 x 5 metros y caminar / correr progresiva hacia atrás y hacia adelante. Los resultados mostraron que las mediciones antropométricas sólo comenzaran a mostrar diferencias significativas entre los sexos a partir de 14 años, mientras que se encontraron diferencias relacionadas con la aptitud física favoreciendo los chicos en casi todas las pruebas desde los 12 años, aumentando el dimorfismo sexual con la edad. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las mediciones antropométricas y en los resultados de las pruebas motoras que presentaran los adolescentes de las tres ciudades / países de América Latina. En conclusión, la evidencia encontrada sugiere que las intervenciones de monitoreo de la condición física y el crecimiento físico deben estar diseñadas para alcanzar grupos específicos e incluir acciones de acuerdo con a las características socio-culturales y ambientales de los jóvenes en estos tres países. Abstract. The purpose of this study was to develop an analysis concerning the behavior of anthropometric measurements and results of motor tests aimed at characterizing growth and physical fitness in a international sample of adolescents from three Latin American cities located in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The sample was composed of 1357 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (48.6% boys) selected in three countries. Anthropometric characteristics were determined by height, body weight and skinfold thickness. As for physical fitness, tests for sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, handgrip strength, sit-up, 10 X 5 meter races and progressive endurance walk/run were applied. The results showed that anthropometric measurements only begin to present important gender-based differences after 14 years of age, while for physical fitness differences were found favoring boys in almost all motor tests from 12 years on, with an increasing sexual dimorphism index as the adolescents grew. The findings showed significant differences in anthropometric measurements and the results of motor tests presented by the adolescents from three Latin American cities/countries. In conclusion, the evidence found suggests that monitoring interventions of growth and physical fitness should be designed to achieve specific target-groups and contemplate actions according socio-cultural and environmental characteristics of adolescents in these three countries.


2019 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Darío Scublinsky ◽  
M. V. Pinoni ◽  
F. Ibelli ◽  
A. Valledor ◽  
E.R. Soriano

Chagas disease constitutes a severe infection of high prevalence in Argentina and other Latin American countries. The administration of immunosuppressive rheumatic drugs in these patients is often necessary but the implication that this may have on the reactivation of Chagas disease is not yet known. In this update, general diagnostic criteria in this group of patients, and available evidence and recommendations made in this context are reviewed.


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