High prevalence of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers in a mestizo Colombian population in relation to Hispanic mestizo populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 1227-1236
Author(s):  
Alba P Sarmiento ◽  
Pedro Dorado ◽  
Angélica Borbón ◽  
Fernando de Andrés ◽  
Adrián LLerena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Long Pcr ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Interethnic Differences ◽  
Ultrarapid Metabolizers ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Cyp2d6 Allele ◽  
Cyp2d6 Polymorphisms

Background: Interethnic differences in CYP2D6 allele frequency have been demonstrated across Latin–American countries. Only one previous study describing CYP2D6 genotypes in Colombian population has been performed. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the CYP2D6 genetic variability in a mestizo Colombian population, as well as the similarities and differences concerning other Hispanic mestizo (HM) populations. Methodology: Two hundred and twelve unrelated healthy Colombian subjects were studied, in which different CYP2D6 polymorphisms were analyzed by extra long-PCR and real-time PCR. Results & discussion: A high percentage of ultrarapid metabolizers (18.4%) was found, representing the highest frequency calculated within the HM populations studied. However, the percentage of poor metabolizers (4.7%) was similar to those previously reported in HM populations.

scholarly journals The Everlasting Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Armando Domínguez-Varela
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract In Mexico, like other Latin American countries, they have been among the most affected worldwide. And not only COVID-19 attacked us, but also political problems, crime, the high prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, the lack of job opportunities for families with low income and the lack of seriousness on part of a federal government facing a global problem. COVID-19 cases and deaths continue rising, better strategies, unity, leadership and a little of patience is needed to get ahead this never-ending crisis.

scholarly journals Clinical forms and diagnosis of Chagas disease and immunosuppressants

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Darío Scublinsky ◽  
M. V. Pinoni ◽  
F. Ibelli ◽  
A. Valledor ◽  
E.R. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Made In

Chagas disease constitutes a severe infection of high prevalence in Argentina and other Latin American countries. The administration of immunosuppressive rheumatic drugs in these patients is often necessary but the implication that this may have on the reactivation of Chagas disease is not yet known. In this update, general diagnostic criteria in this group of patients, and available evidence and recommendations made in this context are reviewed.

China, United States and Hegemonic Challenge in Latin America: An Overview and Some Lessons from Previous Instances of Hegemonic Challenge in the Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Sebastián Paz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractHas China been a hegemonic challenge to the United States in Latin America in recent years? The article explores this question by setting a comparison with historical cases of instances of hegemonic challenge in Latin America, searching for similarities and differences, and looking for makers of rivalry as a way to start to distinguish perception from reality. I stress the instrumentality of framing issues, since they serve for internal mobilization and for control of allies. The article also attempts to illuminate the issue of how the United States has reacted to China's growing presence in an area historically considered within its sphere of interests, or “backyard,” and about the dialogue between the United States and China about the region. It provides insights on the United States, China and Latin American countries’ policy makers’ thinking, collected through off-the- record interviews and closed-door debriefings.

scholarly journals Correlation between Neck Circumference and Other Anthropometric Measurements in Eight Latin American Countries. Results from ELANS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11975
Author(s):  
Reyna Liria-Domínguez ◽  
Marcela Pérez-Albela ◽  
María-Paz Vásquez ◽  
Georgina Gómez ◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Latin American Countries

Neck circumference (NC) is being used to identify the risk of chronic diseases. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America, and neck circumference is a simple and practical measurement to assess this, especially in primary health centers. We analyzed the correlation between the NC anthropometric indicator and other anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) in eight Latin American cities. We applied Pearson’s correlation to identify the correlate NC with the other anthropometric variables stratified by sex; the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) by sex were evaluated according to the cut-off established with the Youden Index. The strongest correlations between NC and WC were found when stratified by sex (women: r = 0.71; men: r = 0.69, respectively) followed by the correlation between NC and BMI (r = 0.65, both sex). NC cut-off points of 39.0 cm in men and 32.9 cm in women identified those individuals with an increased WC and 39.8 and 33.7 cm, respectively, for a substantial increase in WC. For BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 for men, the cut-off point was 37.5 cm, and for women, it was 33.1 cm, and for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, the cut-off points were 39.2 and 34.2 cm, for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: NC proved to be a useful, practical, and inexpensive tool that can be used to identify, evaluate, and monitor overweight and obese individuals.

Scientific Research on Malaria: A Bibliometric Analysis in Latin America, 2011-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-595
Author(s):  
Camila Briceño-Gómez ◽  
Gustavo Tapia-Sequeiros ◽  
Sebastian Martín Torreblanca-Rodriguez ◽  
Lizbeth Valdivia-Vargas ◽  
Christian Renzo Aquino-Canchari
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Malaria Journal ◽  
Latin American Countries

Introduction: Malaria is a protozoan disease that continues to be a serious public health problem in Latin America. The goal was to describe the scientific production of malaria in Latin America during the period 2011-2020. Materials and methods: Bibliometric study. A systematic search was carried out in Scopus, articles in IMRD format carried out in humans with malaria as the main variable were included, during the period 2011-2020. Results: 1731 malaria articles were found in Scopus, of which 590 (34.08%) were included according to the selection criteria. Scientific publication increased from 2011 to 2020 by 147.22%. It was found that 415 (70.33%) studies were published in Q1 journals and 141 (23.9%) published in Malaria Journal. Likewise, 506 (85.76%) studies were written in English language and the most influential funding entity was the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 117 (11.44%). In 271 (45.93%) studies, the corresponding author had Brazilian affiliation, and in 53 (8.98%) articles the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz predominated. Regarding the design, 274 (46.44%) studies were descriptive, 260 (44.07%) were epidemiological and 286 (48.47%) were carried out with people from the community. Latin American scientific production on malaria has increased; there is predominance in Q1 journals, with Malaria Journal being the most important. Most of the studies are descriptive related to epidemiology. Efforts are required to increase scientific production in the rest of the Latin American countries with a high prevalence of malaria

scholarly journals Próba analizy porównawczej litewskiej gospodarki folwarczno-pańszczyźnianej i latynoamerykańskiej gospodarki hacjendowej od II połowy XVIII do II połowy XIX wieku w kontekście kapitalistycznego systemu-świata

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Darius Žiemelis Darius Žiemelis
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Latin American Countries

The paper for the first time in historiography compares the Lithuanian manorial-serf economy and Latin American hacienda economic systems in the second half of the 18th century – the second half of the 19th century in the context of the capitalist world system (CWS). The main focus will be on the explication in macro level of similarities and differences of structures and development trends of these systems. The analyzed period – is the stage of both the dominance and intensification of manorial-serf economy in Lithuania and predominance and intensification of hacienda economy in Latin American countries and it was determined by the same factor of the industrial revolution. The study confirms the thesis that these economic systems belonged to typologically close economic type (were focused on the serfdom method of production) in the global division of labor. It shows that both Lithuanian manorial-serf economy and haciendas of Latin America were not typical feudal enterprises, but had only peripheral capitalism features.

scholarly journals Oral Route as a Mechanism of Transmission of Chagas Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliva Castro Tenorio
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Antiparasitic Treatment

Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is considered a neglected disease, and a public health problem, due to the high prevalence of the disease, as well as the high economic and social costs that it entails. There are different routes of transmission, the vector route being the main mechanism, although it can also be transmitted vertically, by transfusional transmission, by organ transplantation, laboratory accidents, and relatively new in its study, the oral route. This route is considered the oldest route of transmission, responsible for the preservation of the infection in a sylvatic way. Due partly to the decrease in the incidence of vector cases, and human activities, the oral route has been the mechanism that explains the acute outbreaks of Chagas' disease in different Latin American countries; together with its greater lethality, is that this via has become important. Early recognition of the disease is crucial in order to establish antiparasitic treatment as soon as possible, because it limits the evolution of the disease in most cases, so this research work has the objective of carrying out a bibliographic review of the oral route as a mechanism of transmission of Chagas' disease.

scholarly journals Estudio comparado del desarrollo histórico de la Psicopedagogía en Cuba y Chile

2018 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Alberto Espinoza Vásquez ◽  
Emilio Alberto Ortiz Torres
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Educational Field ◽  
Great Growth

Psychopedagogy is an interdisciplinary science with great growth in Latin American countries, but there are few studies that address its historical evolution, according to its peculiarities. The objective of this article was to carry out a comparative study of the historical development of the Psychopedagogy between Chile and Cuba, two Latin American nations that share a peculiar past and presentto determinate coincidences and differences. The historical background, institutionalization and national contributions wereselected as indicators, which allowed showing the similarities and differences according to the historical, economic, cultural and political development peculiar to each country, with a previous evolution of Psychology and Pedagogy. , as basal sciences, from the influences of foreign conceptions deeply rooted in the educational field, but with a creative, contextualized and successful work of professionals in Psychopedagogy, adapting them to the historical needs of each country and achieving the solution of educational problems and at the same time enrich this science. Psychopedagogy has a certain maturity as an interdisciplinary science in full development in the current conditions of Cuba and Chile.

Test Use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Latin American Countries

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.

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