scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12278
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez-Gisbert ◽  
Irene Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Araceli Ortiz-Rubio ◽  
Andrés Calvache-Mateo ◽  
Laura López-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Literature Search Strategy

The management of chronic diseases (CD) includes physical activity (PA). It is necessary to determine the effects of COVID-19 restrictions in CD. The aim was to review the research related to PA levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in people with CD. This review was designed according to PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020218825. The search was performed in CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2021. The PICOS recommendations were applied. The search was conducted by two reviewers, who completed the data extraction of included articles. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE checklist, and a meta-analysis was conducted. The literature search strategy identified 227 articles. Five studies remained and were included. Only three studies were included in the meta-analysis. Two articles used accelerometers to objectively compare PA levels before and during the pandemic. Three studies made this comparison using an online survey. All articles showed a decrease in PA levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. The meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in PA levels during pandemic. PA levels during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reduced with respect to previous levels of PA in patients with CD.

scholarly journals Obesity and periodontitis: systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1763-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Garcia de Moura-Grec ◽  
Juliane Avansini Marsicano ◽  
Cristiane Alves Paz de Carvalho ◽  
Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Literature Search Strategy ◽  
Selection Of

The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the studies on the association between obesity and periodontitis. The methods applied included a literature search strategy and selection of studies using inclusion and exclusion in accordance with the criteria for characteristics of the studies and meta-analysis. The research was conducted in the PubMed, Embase and Lilacs databases through 2010. Selected papers were on studies on humans investigating whether or not obesity is a risk factor for periodontitis. Of the 822 studies identified, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of periodontitis was associated with obesity (or had a tendency for this) in 25 studies, though it was not associated in 6 studies. The meta-analysis showed a significant association with obesity and periodontitis (OR = 1.30 [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.25 - 1.35]) and with mean Body Mass Index (BMI) and periodontal disease (mean difference = 2.75). Obesity was associated with periodontitis, however the risk factors that aggravate these diseases should be better clarified to elucidate the direction of this association. Working with paired samples and avoiding confusion factors may contribute to homogeneity between the studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome for Public Schoolteachers in the Brazilian Context: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1606
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Montoya ◽  
Lia C. O. B. Glaz ◽  
Lucas A. Pereira ◽  
Irineu Loturco
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Database Searching ◽  
Exclusion Criteria

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the prevalence of burnout-related symptoms in Brazilian schoolteachers who work in public schools. The literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered for inclusion. A total of 2106 records were identified through database searching and 7 additional studies were identified through other sources. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 studies were included in the systematic review. Burnout syndrome prevalence was assessed through seven distinct questionnaires. Overall, the majority of the studies presented high methodological quality. Brazilian schoolteachers exhibited high levels of emotional exhaustion (21–69%), high or moderate degrees of depersonalization (8–32%), and high levels of personal realization and enthusiasm toward the job (30–90%). From these data, it is possible to infer that Brazilian schoolteachers are, in general, affected by burnout syndrome. However, and, surprisingly, they seem to be motivated and idealistic, as demonstrated by their high levels of personal realization and enthusiasm toward the job (30–90%). This likely favors the implementation of programs designed to avoid or reduce burnout, deal with stress, and enhance teaching quality.

scholarly journals Racecadotril for acute diarrhoea in children: systematic review and meta-analyses

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Gordon ◽  
Anthony Akobeng
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectiveRacecadotril is an antisecretory agent that can prevent fluid/electrolyte depletion from the bowel as a result of acute diarrhoea without affecting intestinal motility. An up-to-date systematic review is indicated to summarise the evidence on racecadotril for the treatment of acute diarrhoea in children.DesignA Cochrane format systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Data extraction and assessment of methodological quality were performed independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.PatientsChildren with acute diarrhoea, as defined by the primary studies.InterventionsRCTs comparing racecadotril with placebo or other interventions.Main outcome measursDuration of illness, stool output/volume and adverse events.ResultsSeven RCTs were included, five comparing racecadotril with placebo or no intervention, one with pectin/kaolin and one with loperamide. Moderate to high risk of bias was present in all studies. There was no significant difference in efficacy or adverse events between racecadotril and loperamide. A meta-analysis of three studies with 642 participants showed significantly shorter duration of symptoms with racecadotril compared with placebo (mean difference −53.48 h, 95% CI −65.64 to −41.33). A meta-analysis of five studies with 949 participants showed no significant difference in adverse events between racecadotril and placebo (risk ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.34).ConclusionsThere is some evidence that racecadotril is more effective than placebo or no intervention in reducing the duration of illness and stool output in children with acute diarrhoea. However, the overall quality of the evidence is limited due to sparse data, heterogeneity and risk of bias. Racecadotril appears to be safe and well tolerated.

scholarly journals CHA2DS2-VASc score on admission to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prattay Guha Sarkar ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Debdutta Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Trial Registry ◽  
Thromboembolic Risk ◽  
Overall Mortality

Background: CHA2DS2-VASc score is used in non-valvular AF patients to predict thromboembolic risk. Recent studies have tried to evaluate CHA2DS2-VASc score on admission in COVID-19 patients to predict mortality. Methods: We conducted a literature search on 14 April 2021 to retrieve all published studies, pre-prints and grey literature related to the predictive power of CHA2DS2-VASc score in COVID-19 patients of admission and mortality. Screening of studies and data extraction was done by two authors independently. We used the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool for the methodological quality assessment of the included studies. Results: Five studies involving 5,941 patients reported the predictive value of CHA2DS2-VASc score for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and area under curve were 0.72 (95% CI 0.63-0.79), 0.74 (95% CI 0.67-0.81) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.83). Conclusions: CHA2DS2-VASc score at admission has good predictive value for mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection and can help clinicians identify potentially severe cases early. Early initiation of effective management in these cases may help in reducing overall mortality due to COVID-19. Trial registry: We prospectively registered this meta-analysis on PROSPERO database (Reg number: CRD42021248398).

DOZ047.41: Tracheomalacia after esophageal repair: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I P Aanen ◽  
B B L J Elders ◽  
B Pullens ◽  
R M H Wijnen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Oesophageal Atresia ◽  
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Time Point

Abstract This study was performed to obtain an overview of literature on diagnosing tracheomalacia (TM) in patients with esophageal atresia (EA). The aim of this study is to find answers in the literature on the following questions: (1) How often is a TM seen on preoperative scopy? (2) What is the predictive value of preoperative scopy findings on postoperative TM outcome? (3) How often is tracheomalacia seen in postoperative scopy in EA? (4) How often is tracheomalacia severe? Methods A systematic literature search to identify studies on pre-, per-, and postoperative endoscopy to identify TM in patients with EA was performed. TM was classified into the following categories: mild, moderate, and severe, based on percentage of collapse of the trachea seen on tracheobronchoscopy (TBS) and/or clinical symptoms. The following databases were searched: Embase, Medline Epub (Ovid), Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Google Scholar. The search strategy contained ‘oesophageal atresia’ and ‘tracheo-oesophageal fistula’ and ‘tracheomalacia’ and ‘pediatric.’ Main Results A total of 43 articles were included. Of the studies who conducted initial TBS pre- or peroperative, 6 described TM incidences, ranging from 7% to 65%. One study reported a sensitivity of dynamic fiberoptic bronchoscopy at time of initial repair as a test for symptomatic TM of 86% and a specificity of 54%. The positive and negative predictive values were 71% and 75%, respectively. Thirty-three studies described postoperative TM incidences ranging from 0% to 89% overall. Of the patients who were identified with TM 8–53% were classified as severe, e.g., in need of surgical intervention or according to institute guidelines on collapse percentage at endoscopy. Conclusions Although most medical centers carry out airway endoscopy pre- or peroperative in EA-repair patients, reports on TM incidences at this time point are still poor. Postoperative TM occurs highly in symptomatic patients with a substantial number of airway interventions.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: A REVIEW OF CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLIED METHODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Luhnen ◽  
Barbara Prediger ◽  
Edmund A.M. Neugebauer ◽  
Tim Mathes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Literature Search Strategy

Objectives:When making decisions in health care, it is essential to consider economic evidence about an intervention. The objective of this study was to analyze the methods applied for systematic reviews of health economic evaluations (SR-HEs) in HTA and to identify common challenges.Methods:We manually searched the Web pages of HTA organizations and included HTA-reports published since 2015. Prerequisites for inclusion were the conduct of an SR-HE in at least one electronic database and the use of the English, German, French, or Spanish language. Methodological features were extracted in standardized tables. We prepared descriptive statistical (e.g., median, range) measures to describe the applied methods. Data were synthesized in a structured narrative way.Results:Eighty-three reports were included in the analysis. We identified inexplicable heterogeneity, particularly concerning literature search strategy, data extraction, assessment of quality, and applicability. Furthermore, process steps were often missing or reported in a nontransparent way. The use of a standardized data extraction form was indicated in one-third of reports (32 percent). Fifty-four percent of authors systematically appraised included studies. In 10 percent of reports, the applicability of included studies was assessed. Involvement of two reviewers was rarely reported for the study selection (43 percent), data extraction (28 percent), and quality assessment (39 percent).Conclusions:The methods applied for SR-HEs in HTA and their reporting quality are very heterogeneous. Efforts toward a detailed, standardized guidance for the preparation of SR-HEs definitely seem necessary. A general harmonization and improvement of the applied methodology would increase the value of SR-HE for decision makers.

Subsegmental Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosed by Computed Tomography: Incidence and Clinical Implications. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Management Outcome Studies.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4002-4002
Author(s):  
Marc Carrier ◽  
Marc Righini ◽  
Phil Wells ◽  
Arnaud Perrier ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Literature Search Strategy ◽  
Multiple Detectors

Abstract Abstract 4002 Poster Board III-938 Background Multiple-detectors CTPA appears to have a higher sensitivity for PE as compared to single-detector CTPA. In particular, multiple-detectors CTPA allows better visualization of segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries, hence the proportion of patients with suspected PE in whom isolated subsegmental thrombus are reported might be higher using multiple-detectors CTPA. The clinical significance of subsegmental PE is unknown. In the PIOPED study, PE limited to subsegmental pulmonary arteries were most prevalent among patients with low-probability ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scans. Patients with non diagnostic (low or intermediate probability) V/Q scans can be safely managed without anticoagulation. Nonetheless, patients with isolated subsegmental PE detected on CTPA are more commonly receiving anticoagulation than not. Purpose To determine whether multiple-detectors CTPA increases the proportion of PE diagnosis limited to subsegmental arteries and to assess the safety of diagnostic strategies based on CTPA. Data Source: A systematic literature search strategy was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and all EBM Reviews. Study Selection Twenty four articles met all the inclusions criteria (21 prospective cohort studies; 3 randomized controlled trials). Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted data onto standardized forms. Data Synthesis A total of 2674 patients with suspected PE were included in the analyses. Of these, 1140 and 1534 patients underwent a single and multiple-detectors CTPA respectively. Conclusion The use of multiple-detectors CTPA in diagnostic strategies for PE appears to increase the proportion of patients diagnosed with subsegmental PE with comparable outcomes in patients with negative tests. This suggests that patients with subsegmental PE appear to not require anticoagulation. Disclosures: Rodger: Biomerieux: Research Funding; Boehringer Ingelheim: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Research Funding; Leo Pharma: Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding; GTC Therapeutics: Research Funding.

Behavioural symptoms and impairments in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eija Rosti-Otajärvi ◽  
Päivi Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioural Symptoms

Behavioural problems are not well recognized in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of behavioural symptoms and impairments in MS. A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and COCHRANE. In total, 23 studies (1831 participants) were identified. Based on the literature search, behavioural symptoms and impairments are observed in MS. Aggression (23%), apathy (22%), euphoria (12%) and lack of insight (11%) were the most frequent symptoms, and adjustment disorder (17%) the most frequent impairment. Severe mental disorders are more infrequent than changes in behaviour, manner of reaction, and way of action. In conclusion the objective behavioural impairments and especially subjective symptoms are present in patients with MS. These manifestations should be taken into account in the diagnostics and treatment of the disease.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Viral Shedding Time in SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danying Yan ◽  
Xiaobao Zhang ◽  
Can Chen ◽  
Daixi Jiang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

Background: The viral shedding time (VST) of SARS-CoV-2 mainly determines its transmission and duration of infectiousness. However, it was heterogeneous in the existing studies. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively summarize the VST of SARS-CoV-2.Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, CNKI, CSTJ, and Wanfang up to October 25, 2020, for studies that reported VSTs of SARS-CoV-2. Pooled estimates and 95% CIs for the VSTs were calculated using log-transformed data. The VSTs in SARS-CoV-2 infections based on different demographic and clinical characteristics, treatments and specimens were stratified by subgroup analysis.Results: A total of 35 studies involving 3,385 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled mean VST was 16.8 days (95% CI: 14.8–19.4, I2 = 99.56%) in SARS-CoV-2 infections. The VST was significantly longer in symptomatic infections (19.7 days, 95% CI: 17.2–22.7, I2 = 99.34%) than in asymptomatic infections (10.9 days, 95% CI: 8.3–14.3, I2 = 98.89%) (P < 0.05). The VST was 23.2 days (95% CI: 19.0–28.4, I2 = 99.24%) in adults, which was significantly longer than that in children (9.9 days, 95% CI: 8.1–12.2, I2 = 85.74%) (P < 0.05). The VST was significantly longer in persons with chronic diseases (24.2 days, 95% CI: 19.2–30.2, I2 = 84.07%) than in those without chronic diseases (11.5 days, 95% CI: 5.3–25.0, I2 = 82.11%) (P < 0.05). Persons receiving corticosteroid treatment (28.3 days, 95% CI: 25.6–31.2, I2 = 0.00%) had a longer VST than those without corticosteroid treatment (16.2 days, 95% CI: 11.5–22.5, I2 = 92.27%) (P = 0.06). The VST was significantly longer in stool specimens (30.3 days, 95% CI: 23.1–39.2, I2 = 92.09%) than in respiratory tract specimens (17.5 days, 95% CI: 14.9–20.6, I2 = 99.67%) (P < 0.05).Conclusions: A longer VST was found in symptomatic infections, infected adults, persons with chronic diseases, and stool specimens.

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