scholarly journals Trail Use, Motivations, and Environmental Attitudes of 3780 European Mountain Bikers: What Is Sustainable?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12971
Author(s):  
Tom Campbell ◽  
Lewis Kirkwood ◽  
Graeme McLean ◽  
Mark Torsius ◽  
Geraint Florida-James
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Connection To Nature ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trail Use ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
European Mountain

Background: The extent to which mountain biking impacts upon the environment is largely determined by rider behaviours. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how mountain bikers interact with the natural environment and explore their attitudes towards sustainability. Methods: 3780 European mountain bikers completed an online cross-sectional survey. Results: Connection to nature was an important source of motivation and the use of mountain bike trails has increased rider’s appreciation of and willingness to protect nature, with a large majority having taken direct action to do so. Mountain bikers are prepared to contribute towards trail maintenance through the provision of labour or financially. Although most mountain bikers make use of wet trails and illegal trails, incidence of conflict is relatively low. A range of characteristics were identified as being fundamental elements of sustainable trails, both in relation to the sustainability of the trail itself and in terms of wider environmental sustainability. Conclusions: European mountain bikers care about the sustainability of the natural environment. Self-reported attitudes and behaviours suggest a willingness to reduce environmental impact and actively protect nature.

scholarly journals Work of Health Educators in a Clinical Setting

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Lisa Smith ◽  
James F. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Health Educators ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Areas ◽  
Survey Results

This study examined the task of health educators working in a clinical setting to better understand their roles. The study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional survey using a convenience sample of health educators who worked in clinical settings in Indiana and who had a college degree in health education. Forty health educators were contacted and 62% of the subjects participated in the survey. Results indicated most jobs were similar in nature and the health education curriculum studied helped them in the roles they were serving. However, many educators felt there were other content areas of study that would have been helpful to prepare them for working in the clinical setting. A majority of the respondents reported that having Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES) certification was helpful and necessary in their positions.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed foods in childhood: a system of violation of rights and food and nutrition insecurity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e64101421596
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gouveia Moura ◽  
Jamille Caroso de Andrade ◽  
Adriana Correia dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo do Nascimento Lopes ◽  
Maria Emília Lisboa Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Discussions on the health consequences of the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are wide-ranging, but little has been addressed under systemic aspects, human rights, sovereignty and food and nutrition security, and socio-environmental sustainability. For this reason, the aim of this article was to analyze the systemic implications of children's access to UPFs. Secondary data from a cross-sectional survey conducted with pre-school students of two private schools in a capital city in the Northeastern region of Brazil were analyzed through the analysis of lunch boxes for three consecutive days. The most frequent UPFs had information about the manufacturing location, ingredients, and brand collected from their labels and subsequently studied. We noticed that most of the products were manufactured in other states, being transported for long distances, had little ingredient diversity, and belonged to sub-brands that conglomerate into “big players”. In this sense, we conclude that children are having their right to food violated and that access to UPFs by this public supports a hegemonic and unsustainable food system from a socio-environmental point of view that contributes to food and nutrition insecurity.

scholarly journals Implementation and Evaluation of a Virtual Elective in Otolaryngology in the Time of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982095115
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Steehler ◽  
Brian Pettitt-Schieber ◽  
Matthew B. Studer ◽  
Geetha Mahendran ◽  
Barbara J. Pettitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Formative Assessments ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Case Based Learning ◽  
Fourth Year Medical Students ◽  
Survey Results

Objective To develop and evaluate a virtual otolaryngology medical student elective created during the COVID-19 crisis with the intention of teaching the basic tenets of otolaryngology and increasing exposure to the specialty. Study Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Emory University School of Medicine. Methods A 1-week virtual otolaryngology curriculum was offered to third- and fourth-year medical students that centered on the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation’s handbook Primary Care in Otolaryngology (fourth edition). The course covered a variety of topics and was conducted remotely via online video conferencing software. We applied multiple teaching modalities and surveyed students regarding the effectiveness of the course. Mixed methods analysis was employed to analyze the course data. Results Twelve students participated; 67% reported their baseline precourse understanding of otolaryngology in the “poor-fair” range. After the course, 92% of students reported increased understanding, with 42% and 58% reporting “good” and “very good” understanding, respectively. Following completion of the course, posttest scores on summative assessments were significantly higher than pretest scores ( P < .001). Ninety-two percent of students reported either “increased” or “greatly increased” interest in otolaryngology postcourse. Qualitative survey results revealed students’ appreciation of course organization, formative assessments, and case-based learning. Conclusions An otolaryngology elective administered through a virtual format can be effective at providing an educational experience and garnering interest in the field. Positive exposure to otolaryngology can increase medical students’ interest in pursuing the specialty and expand their general knowledge of consultation, diagnosis, and management in otolaryngology.

scholarly journals Hotel Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behaviour: Effect of Leadership Behaviour, Institutional Support and Workplace Spirituality

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olawale Fatoki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hotel Employees ◽  
Leadership Behaviour

Pro-environmental behaviours (PEB) depict behaviours that cause minimal harm to or even benefit the environment. Employees are an important stakeholder in organisational environmental initiatives; however, there is little understanding of the leadership mechanisms and workplace support that can nurture these behaviours. In addition, empirical studies on the effect of workplace spirituality on employees’ PEB are limited. Understanding the factors that can influence employees’ workplace PEB is of significance in improving environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry. This study investigated the effect of leadership behaviour, institutional support and workplace spirituality on hotel employees’ PEB in South Africa. This study utilised a quantitative research approach and a causal research design. The cross-sectional survey method was used for data collection. Convenience sampling method was used to identify the participants in the survey. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling. The results of this study showed significant positive relationships between leadership behaviour, institutional support and workplace spirituality and hotel employees’ PEB. Theoretically, the study linked spirituality to employees’ workplace PEB as spiritual discourses have been marginalised in tourism research. Empirically, the study adds to the literature on the determinants of employees’ workplace PEB in the hospitality sector. Practically, the study makes recommendations that can improve the workplace PEB of hotel employees.

State of Watermain Infrastructure: A Canadian Case Study using Historic Pipe Break Datasets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Snider ◽  
Edward McBean
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Pipe Break ◽  
Pipe Replacement ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Rate Threshold

Over the last two decades, a variety of reports have suggested that watermains in Canada are deteriorating, and break rates are increasing. However, these reports are often limited as the years of break records being utilized are brief; this paper revisits those assessments using over forty-five years of break records and shows that three of the five utilities investigated are experiencing significant decreases in break rates over the past 10 years while the two other utilities are maintaining consistent break rates. These results indicate that these utilities are effectively managing their watermain infrastructure, and suggest watermain infrastructure throughout Canada may be performing better than suggested by cross-sectional survey results. Analyses indicate that on average, 22% of the watermains analysed have exceeded the 0.125 brk/km/yr break rate threshold and may be considered for pipe replacement / rehabilitation. In particular 50% of cast iron pipes installed post-WWII have exceeded a break rate threshold of 0.125 brks/km/yr, suggesting large pipe replacement/rehabilitation of this pipe cohort is required.

Job Satisfaction of Nurses and Its Moderating Effects on the Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Tzu Lin ◽  
Ching-Sheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

Because nurses deliver care to patients on behalf of hospitals, hospitals should enhance the spontaneous organizational citizenship behaviors of front-line nurses to increase patient satisfaction and, hence, to increase the competitiveness of the hospital. However, a major gap in the literature is the lack of evidence-based studies of the correlations among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors in nursing personnel. Therefore, this study performed a cross-sectional survey of nurses in 1 large hospital in Taiwan; out of 400 questionnaires distributed, 386 valid questionnaires were collected, which was a valid response rate of 96.50%. The survey results revealed that organizational commitment has a significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behaviors (γ11 = 0.57, p < .01) and that job satisfaction has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors (Δχ2 = 26.397, p < .01). Therefore, hospitals can improve the job satisfaction of their nursing staff by improving perceived working satisfaction, interpersonal satisfaction, and remunerative satisfaction, which would then improve organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors.

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