scholarly journals Disparities in COPD Hospitalizations: A Spatial Analysis of Proximity to Toxics Release Inventory Facilities in Illinois

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13128
Author(s):  
Stacey Brown-Amilian ◽  
Yussuf Akolade
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Toxic Emissions ◽  
Toxics Release Inventory ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
The Relationship

Disproportionate distribution of air pollution is a major burden on the health of people living in proximity to toxic facilities. There are over 1000 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facilities distributed across the state of Illinois. This study investigates and spatially analyzes the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations and toxic emissions from TRI facilities. In addition, this study investigates the connection between COPD hospitalizations and socioeconomic variables. Accounting for dispersion of air pollution beyond the TRI facilities source was attained using the inverse distance weighting interpolation approach. Multiple statistical methods were used including principal components analysis, linear regression, and bivariate local indicators of spatial association (BiLISA). The results from the linear regression model and BiLISA clustering maps show there is a strong connection between COPD hospitalizations and socioeconomic status along with race. TRI emissions were not statistically significant, but there are three major clusters of high COPD hospitalizations with high TRI emissions. Rural areas also seem to carry a higher burden of pollution-emitting facilities and respiratory hospitalizations.

Assessment of Health Impacts of PM2.5 by AirQ+ Software in the City of Sanandaj, Iran (2018-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Ghorban Asgari ◽  
◽  
Ramin Khoshniyat ◽  
Farhad Karimi ◽  
Kamal Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Baseline Incidence ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Airq Software

Background: Particulate or particle mattes in term of air pollution are particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5). PM2.5 is a natural source of air pollution and has harmful effects on citizens in Sanandaj City, located in the west of Iran. Methods: In this study, the hourly data of concentration of PM2.5 were taken from the Kurdistan Environmental Protection Agency. During the study period (2018-2019), the 24-hour concentration of PM2.5 exceeded 339 times the average level. By AirQ+ software, the relationship between data and Relative Risk (RR), Baseline Incidence (BI), and Attributable Proportion (AP) were estimated. Then chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and brain stroke in the range of over 30 years were estimated. Results: The main target of this study was to survey the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and the death rate of citizens of this non-industrial city. The long-term health effect (more than 6 months) of PM2.5 caused 326 deaths on average (except for accidents and poisoning). Conclusion: Increase the concentration of PM2.5 is one factor that affects a high percentage of mortality rate.

scholarly journals Investigation Regarding the Correlation between Particulate Matter 2.5 Air Pollution and Mortality Rates due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Ekta Dhanoa
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Relationship

In 2015, 3.2 million people died due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), worldwide. In fact, survival rates for those living with severe COPD are lower than for those with cancer. The one known contributor to this disease is air pollution, and with its rising levels every year, it is necessary to determine the exact correlation between air pollution and COPD. Data was gathered for a selection of 20 countries from the World Bank Database and Health Data Database. This data was graphed and analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, which is a statistical test that measures the relationship between 2 variables. When calculated, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.756, determining that there is a significant relationship between air pollution and COPD. Through the investigation, it is concluded that there is a positive correlation between PM2.5 air pollution and mortality rate due to COPD. PM2.5 is a component of air pollution defined as the amount of atmospheric particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers. Due to its small physical nature, PM2.5 can easily infiltrate the lungs, causing infections in the respiratory organs. They can reach the bronchi and even the alveoli, causing inflammation which ultimately results in COPD and premature deaths. Therefore, this research will aim to investigate the relationship between PM2.5 air pollution and COPD, allowing for a better understanding of these variables.

scholarly journals Enhanced Transcriptomic Resilience following Increased Alternative Splicing and Differential Isoform Production between Air Pollution Conurbations

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Shengkai Pan ◽  
Xiaokai Feng ◽  
Daniel Pass ◽  
Rachel A. Adams ◽  
Yusong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Translational Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Migration Capacity

Adverse health outcomes caused by ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution occur in a progressive process, with neutrophils eliciting inflammation or pathogenesis. We investigated the toxico-transcriptomic mechanisms of PM in real-life settings by comparing healthy residents living in Beijing and Chengde, the opposing ends of a well-recognised air pollution (AP) corridor in China. Beijing recruits (BRs) uniquely expressed ~12,000 alternative splicing (AS)-derived transcripts, largely elevating the proportion of transcripts significantly correlated with PM concentration. BRs expressed PM-associated isoforms (PMAIs) of PFKFB3 and LDHA, encoding enzymes responsible for stimulating and maintaining glycolysis. PMAIs of PFKFB3 featured different COOH-terminals, targeting PFKFB3 to different sub-cellular functional compartments and stimulating glycolysis. PMAIs of LDHA have longer 3′UTRs relative to those expressed in Chengde recruits (CRs), allowing glycolysis maintenance by enhancing LDHA mRNA stability and translational efficiency. PMAIs were directly regulated by different HIF-1A and HIF-1B isoforms. BRs expressed more non-functional Fas isoforms, and a resultant reduction of intact Fas proportion is expected to inhibit the transmission of apoptotic signals and prolong neutrophil lifespan. BRs expressed both membrane-bound and soluble IL-6R isoforms instead of only one in CRs. The presence of both IL-6R isoforms suggested a higher migration capacity of neutrophils in BRs. PMAIs of HIF-1A and PFKFB3 were downregulated in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients compared with BRs, implying HIF-1 mediated defective glycolysis may mediate neutrophil dysfunction. PMAIs could explain large variances of different phenotypes, highlighting their potential application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PM-induced diseases, which remain poorly elucidated.

scholarly journals A comparative study of chest CT findings regarding the effects of regional dust exposure on patients with COPD living in urban areas and rural areas near cement plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghyun Kim ◽  
Bom Kim ◽  
So Hyeon Bak ◽  
Yeon-Mok Oh ◽  
Woo Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Copd Patients

Abstract Background The clinical and radiological presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogenous depending on the characterized sources of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate COPD phenotypes associated with specific dust exposure. Methods This study was designed to compare the characteristics, clinical outcomes and radiological findings between two prospective COPD cohorts representing two distinguishing regions in the Republic of Korea; COPD in Dusty Area (CODA) and the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. A total of 733 participants (n = 186 for CODA, and n = 547 for KOLD) were included finally. A multivariate analysis to compare lung function and computed tomography (CT) measurements of both cohort studies after adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, and pack-year, Charlson comorbidity index, and frequency of exacerbation were performed by entering the level of FEV1(%), biomass exposure and COPD medication into the model in stepwise. Results The mean wall area (MWA, %) became significantly lower in COPD patients in KOLD from urban and metropolitan area than those in CODA cohort from cement dust area (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 70.2 ± 1.21% in CODA vs. 66.8 ± 0.88% in KOLD, p = 0.028) after including FEV1 in the model. COPD subjects in KOLD cohort had higher CT-emphysema index (EI, 6.07 ± 3.06 in CODA vs. 20.0 ± 2.21 in KOLD, p < 0.001, respectively). The difference in the EI (%) was consistently significant even after further adjustment of FEV1 (6.12 ± 2.88% in CODA vs. 17.3 ± 2.10% in KOLD, p = 0.002, respectively). However, there was no difference in the ratio of mean lung density (MLD) between the two cohorts (p = 0.077). Additional adjustment for biomass parameters and medication for COPD did not alter the statistical significance after entering into the analysis with COPD medication. Conclusions Higher MWA and lower EI were observed in COPD patients from the region with dust exposure. These results suggest that the imaging phenotype of COPD is influenced by specific environmental exposure.

scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e044600
Author(s):  
Jessica Y. Islam ◽  
Denise C. Vidot ◽  
Marlene Camacho-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundPreventive behaviours have been recommended to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Adults with chronic diseases (CDs) are at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the general population. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults without CDs compared with those with CDs and identify determinants of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe used data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey (n=10 760) conducted in the USA.Primary measuresAdults with CDs were categorised based on a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease/heart attack/stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis or emphysema, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, compromised immune system, or cancer (54%).ResultsCompared with adults without CDs, adults with CDs were more likely to adhere to preventive behaviours including wearing a face mask (χ2-p<0.001), social distancing (χ2-p<0.001), washing or sanitising hands (χ2-p<0.001), and avoiding some or all restaurants (χ2-p=0.002) and public or crowded places (χ2-p=0.001). Adults with a high school degree or below [Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR):1.82, 95% Confidence interval (CI)1.04 to 3.17], household income <US$50 000 (aPR:2.03, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.72), uninsured (aPR:1.65, 95% CI1.09 to 2.52), employed (aPR:1.48, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.17), residing in rural areas (aPR:1.70, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.85) and without any CD (aPR:1.78, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.55) were more likely to not adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.ConclusionAdults with CDs are more likely to adhere to recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Public health messaging targeting specific demographic groups and geographic areas, such as adults without CD or adults living in rural areas, should be prioritised.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF NT PRO BNP AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF RIGHT VENTRICLE DISFUNCTION WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AT HAJI ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Right Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severe Copd

Background: Cardiovascular complications caused by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) will affect structure and function of heart’s normal anatomy. This study aims to determine the relationship between the abnormality of NT Pro BNP levels and echocardiographic features of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in COPD. Method: A cross-sectional study to assess the association between the abnormality of NT Pro BNP levels and echocardiographic features of right ventricular dysfunction in COPD in the outpatient unit of the Integrated Heart Center H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. COPD patients were grouped based on GOLD criteria from spirometry examination into severe COPD (GOLD III) and very severe COPD (GOLD IV). Subjects then performed NT pro BNP and echocardiography examination to assess pathological changes in cardiac. Result: NT Pro BNP was higher in GOLD IV. Cut off value of NT Pro BNP > 172 pg/nl is the initial parameter of right ventricular dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension was found in 93% of cases. The most common cardiac pathological findings were RV hypertrophy (71%), RV dysfunction (86.7%) and pulmonary regurgitation (87.5%). Pathological findings on echocardiography were more common in the GOLD IV group. COPD severity was associated with NT Pro BNP abnormalities (p <0.001) and associated with pathologic echocardiographic findings (p <0.001). Conclusion: Severe COPD is associated with increased NT pro-BNP abnormalities and pathological findings on echocardiography. Echocardiography facilitates early detection of cardiovascular complications in patients with severe and very severe COPD (GOLD III and IV).

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