scholarly journals The Determination of Step Frequency in 3-min Incremental Step-in-Place Tests for Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake from Heart Rate Response in Taiwanese Adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Chun-Hao Chang ◽  
Chia-An Ho ◽  
Cheng-You Wu ◽  
Hung-Chih Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incremental Step

The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) prediction models established by step tests are often used for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, it is unclear which type of stepping frequency sequence is more suitable for the public to assess the CRF. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of two 3-min incremental step-in-place (3MISP) tests (i.e., 3MISP30s and 3MISP60s) with the same total number of steps but different step-frequency sequences in predicting VO2max. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 200 healthy adults in Taiwan completed 3MISP30s and 3MISP60s tests, as well as cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The 3MISP30s and 3MISP60s models were established through multiple stepwise regression analysis by gender, age, percent body fat, and 3MISP-heart rate. The statistical analysis included Pearson’s correlations, the standard errors of estimate, the predicted residual error sum of squares, and the Bland–Altman plot to compare the measured VO2max values and those estimated. The results of the study showed that the exercise intensity of the 3MISP30s test was higher than that of the 3MISP60s test (% heart rate reserve (HRR) during 3MISP30s vs. %HRR during 3MISP60s = 81.00% vs. 76.81%, p < 0.001). Both the 3MISP30s model and the 3MISP60s model explained 64.4% of VO2max, and the standard errors of the estimates were 4.2043 and 4.2090 mL·kg−1·min−1, respectively. The cross-validation results also indicated that the measured VO2max values and those predicted by the 3MISP30s and 3MISP60s models were highly correlated (3MISP30s model: r = 0.804, 3MISP60s model: r = 0.807, both p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the measured VO2max values and those predicted by the 3MISP30s and 3MISP60s models in the testing group (p > 0.05). The results of the study showed that when the 3MISP60s test was used, the exercise intensity was significantly reduced, but the predictive effectiveness of VO2max did not change. We concluded that the 3MISP60s test was physiologically less stressful than the 3MISP30s test, and it could be a better choice for CRF evaluation.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of 3 Min Incremental Step-in-Place Test for Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Home Settings: A Submaximal Exercise Study to Assess Cardiorespiratory Fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10750
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Chun-Hao Chang ◽  
Yu-Chun Chung ◽  
Huey-June Wu ◽  
Nai-Wen Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
The Third ◽  
Minute Post ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Incremental Step

The purpose of this research was to develop the 3 min incremental step-in-place (3MISP) test for predicting maximal oxygen uptake (V•O2max). A total of 205 adults (20–64 years) completed the 3MISP and V•O2max tests. Using age, gender, body composition (BC) including percent body fat (PBF) or body mass index (BMI), and with or without heart rate (HR) at the beginning of exercise (HR0) or difference between HR at the third minute during the exercise and the first minute post exercise (ΔHR3 − HR4) in the 3MISP test, six V•O2max prediction models were derived from multiple linear regression. Age (r = −0.239), gender (r = 0.430), BMI (r = −0.191), PBF (r = −0.706), HR0 (r = −0.516), and ΔHR3 − HR4 (r = 0.563) were significantly correlated to V•O2max. Among the six V•O2max prediction models, the PBF model∆HR3 − HR4 has the highest accuracy. The simplest models with age, gender, and PBF/BMI explained 54.5% of the V•O2max in the PBF modelBC and 39.8% of that in the BMI modelBC. The addition of HR0 and ∆HR3 − HR4 increases the variance of V•O2max explained by the PBF and BMI models∆HR3 − HR4 by 17.98% and 45.23%, respectively, while standard errors of estimate decrease by 10.73% and 15.61%. These data demonstrate that the models established using 3MISP-HR data can enhance the accuracy of V•O2max prediction.

scholarly journals Evaluación del Talk Test como método para estimar la intensidad del ejercicio en niños sanos (Evaluation of the Talk Test as a method to estimate exercise intensity in healthy children)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Danissa Hernández ◽  
Natalia Pacheco ◽  
Issis Poblete ◽  
Héctor Tórres ◽  
Iván Rodríguez-Núnez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
Incremental Step ◽  
The Relationship

Introducción: La frecuencia cardíaca (FC) ha sido tradicionalmente utilizada para regular la intensidad del ejercicio, sin embargo, presenta limitaciones para su cuantificación sin un monitor cardiaco. En consecuencia, métodos indirectos, como el Talk Test (TT), han sido validados en adultos, no así en población infantil. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el TT y los métodos objetivos para cuantificar la intensidad del ejercicio en niños sanos chilenos. Métodos: Se consideró a niños sanos de ambos géneros entre 8 y 12 años. Los sujetos realizaron dos pruebas de ejercicio incremental en escalón separadas por 7 días. El TT se incorporó en una de las dos pruebas aleatoriamente. Se midió la FC, percepción del esfuerzo (PE) y carga de trabajo, cada un minuto durante la prueba. Se comparó la FC, PE y carga de trabajo entre la respuesta positiva (TT+/+), equívoca (TT+/-) y negativa (TT-/-) del TT. Adicionalmente, se determinó la confiabilidad de los parámetros cardiorrespiratorios durante el TT. Un valor de p<.05 se consideró significativo. Resultados: Ingresaron 48 sujetos, edad 9.7±1.1 años. Existió diferencia significativa en los parámetros cardiorrespiratorios entre las respuestas del TT (p<.0001). El % de la FC máxima en TT+/+ fue 72.2 ± 8.2, en TT+/- fue 87.9 ± 8.1 y en TT-/- fue 92.0 ± 7.5%. La confiabilidad de los parámetros cardiorrespiratorios durante el TT fue regular a excelente en ambos géneros. Conclusiones: El TT se relacionó con los parámetros cardiorrespiratorios para regular la intensidad del ejercicio en niños sanos.Abstract. Introduction: Heart rate (HR) has traditionally been used to regulate the intensity of exercise; however, its measurement is limited in the absence of a heart rate device. Consequently, indirect methods, such as the Talk Test (TT), have been validated in adults, yet not in children. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between TT and objective methods to quantify the intensity of exercise in healthy Chilean children. Methods: Healthy children of both genders aged between 8 and 12 years old were considered for the study. The participants performed two incremental step exercise tests separated by 7 days. The TT was incorporated in one of the two tests randomly. The HR, effort perception (EP) and workload were measured every one minute during the test. HR, EP and workload were compared by positive (TT + / +), equivocal (TT +/-), and negative (TT - / -) response of the TT. Additionally, the reliability of cardiorespiratory parameters during TT was determined. A value of p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 48 participants aged 9.7 ± 1.1 years old were selected. There was a significant difference in cardiorespiratory parameters between the TT responses (p <.001). The percent of maximum HR in TT + / + was 72.2 ± 8.2%, in TT +/- was 87.9 ± 8.1% and in TT - / - was 92.0 ± 7.5%. The reliability of cardiorespiratory parameters during TT was fair to excellent in both genders. Conclusions: TT was associated to cardiorespiratory parameters to regulate exercise intensity in healthy children.

Seated Versus Standing Cycling in Competitive Road Cyclists: Uphill Climbing and Maximal Oxygen Uptake

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
David R. Bassett Jr. ◽  
Shane K. Best ◽  
Kenny R. Baker Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Hill Climbing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Road Cyclists

Seven competitive road cyclists (M ± SE = 23.7 ± 1.5 yr, 70.5 ± 1.7 kg) participated to determine the effects of cycling body position on physiological responses during uphill cycling and maximal oxygen uptake [Formula: see text]. There was no significant difference in [Formula: see text] between seated and standing positions on a cycle ergometer (66.4 ± 1.6 vs. 66.4 ± 1.7 ml∙kg−1∙min−1). When the subjects rode their own bicycle on a treadmill, oxygen uptake and heart rate were significantly (p < 0.05) higher during standing when subjects bicycled at 20.0 km∙h−1 (4% grade), but no difference was observed when riding at 12.3 km−1 (10% grade). Leg RPE was significantly (p < 0.05) lower for standing position up a 10% grade. The results suggest that the standing position is less economical during moderate hill climbing, but during steep hill climbing, it results in a decreased sensation of effort in the legs. Key words: bicycling, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion

Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Daily Physical Activity in 7- to 12-Year-Old Boys

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa ◽  
Mohammed A. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
School Time ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and daily physical activity in a group of 7- to 12-year-old boys. V̇O2max was assessed through the incremental treadmill test using an open circuit system. Physical activity level was obtained from heart rate telemetry outside of school time for 8 hrs during weekdays and during 40 min of physical education classes. The findings indicated that the absolute value of V̇O2max increased with age, while relative to body weight it remained almost the same across age, with a mean of 48.4 ml · kg−1 · min−1. Moreover, heart rate telemetry showed that the boys spent a limited amount of time on activities that raise the heart rate to a level above 160 bpm (an average of 1.9%). In addition, V̇O2max was found to be significantly related to the percentage of time spent at activity levels at or above a heart rate of 140 bpm, but not with activity levels at or above a heart rate of 160 bpm.

Comparison of maximal oxygen uptake values determined by predicted and actual methods

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Glassford ◽  
G. H. Y. Baycroft ◽  
A. W. Sedgwick ◽  
R. B. J. Macnab
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fitness Test

Twenty-four male subjects aged 17–33 were given three direct tests of maximal oxygen uptake and one indirect test. The direct tests were those of Mitchell, Sproule, and Chapman (treadmill); Taylor, Buskirk, and Henschel (treadmill); and Åstrand (bicycle ergometer). The indirect test was the Åstrand-Ryhming nomogram (bicycle ergometer) employing heart rate response to submaximal work. In addition, the Johnson, Brouha, and Darling physical fitness test was administered. The two treadmill tests and the indirect test yielded significantly higher mean values than did the direct bicycle test. However no other significant differences in mean values occurred. Correlation coefficients between the various oxygen uptake tests as well as the fitness test were all found to be significant (.62–.83), i.e., greater than zero. No correlation obtained proved to be significantly greater than any other. The results indicate that direct treadmill tests, employing greater muscle mass, yield higher maximal oxygen uptake values (8%) than does the direct bicycle ergometer test. The Åstrand-Ryhming nomogram appears to produce a good estimation of maximal oxygen uptake, in a population unaccustomed to cycling. erobic capacity; exercise; heart rate Submitted on September 17, 1964

Verification phase as a useful tool in the determination of the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Sean Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion

This study investigated the utility of a verification phase for increasing confidence that a “true” maximal oxygen uptake had been elicited in 16 male distance runners (mean age (±SD), 38.7  (± 7.5 y)) during an incremental treadmill running test continued to volitional exhaustion. After the incremental test subjects performed a 10 min recovery walk and a verification phase performed to volitional exhaustion at a running speed 0.5 km·h–1 higher than that attained during the last completed stage of the incremental phase. Verification criteria were a verification phase peak oxygen uptake ≤ 2% higher than the incremental phase value and peak heart rate values within 2 beats·min–1 of each other. Of the 32 tests, 26 satisfied the oxygen uptake verification criterion and 23 satisfied the heart rate verification criterion. Peak heart rate was lower (p = 0.001) during the verification phase than during the incremental phase, suggesting that the verification protocol was inadequate in eliciting maximal values in some runners. This was further supported by the fact that 7 tests exhibited peak oxygen uptake values over 100 mL·min–1 (≥ 3%) lower than the peak values attained in the incremental phase. Further research is required to improve the verification procedure before its utility can be confirmed.

scholarly journals Acute administration of high doses of taurine does not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and the effect on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit is unclear

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Milioni ◽  
Elvis de Souza Malta ◽  
Leandro George Spinola do Amaral Rocha ◽  
Camila Angélica Asahi Mesquita ◽  
Ellen Cristini de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.

Long-lasting exercise involvement protects against decline in V̇O2max and V̇O2 kinetics in moderately active women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Damir Zubac ◽  
Vladimir Ivančev ◽  
Zoran Valić ◽  
Boštjan Šimunič
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake

We studied the effects of age on different physiological parameters, including those derived from (i) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), (ii) moderate-intensity step transitions, and (iii) tensiomyography (TMG)-derived variables in moderately active women. Twenty-eight women (age, 19 to 53 years), completed 3 laboratory visits, including baseline data collection, TMG assessment, maximal oxygen uptake test via CPET, and a step-transition test from 20 W to a moderate-intensity cycling power output (PO), corresponding to oxygen uptake at 90% gas exchange threshold. During the step transitions, breath-by-breath pulmonary oxygen uptake, near infrared spectroscopy derived muscle deoxygenation (ΔHHb), and beat-by-beat cardiovascular response were continuously monitored. There were no differences observed between the young and middle-aged women in their maximal oxygen uptake and peak PO, while the maximal heart rate (HR) was 12 bpm lower in middle-aged compared with young (p = 0.016) women. Also, no differences were observed between the age groups in τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, ΔHHb, and τHR during on-transients. The first regression model showed that age did not attenuate the maximal CPET capacity in the studied population (p = 0.638), while in the second model a faster τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, combined with shorter TMG-derived contraction time (Tc) of the vastus lateralis (VL), were associated with a higher maximal oxygen uptake (∼30% of explained variance, p = 0.039). In conclusion, long lasting exercise involvement protects against a maximal oxygen uptake and τpulmonary oxygen uptake deterioration in moderately active women. Novelty: Faster τ pulmonary oxygen uptake and shorter Tc of the VL explain 33% of the variance in superior maximal oxygen uptake attainment. No differences between age groups were found in τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, τΔHHb, and τHR during on-transients.

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