scholarly journals City Size and Permanent Settlement Intention: Evidence from Rural-Urban Migrants in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Yanjiao Song ◽  
Nina Zhu ◽  
Feng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Urban China ◽  
City Size ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Mega Cities

The location choice and livelihoods of rural-urban migrants are critical to the sustainable development of cities. By using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2017, this paper extant the Rosen–Roback’s model by adding factors of urban social network and air pollution to the function of the individual utility of migrants. Both the Probit Model and IV estimates imply evidence of an inverse U-shaped pattern of city size and migrants’ permanent settlement in urban China. This view proves that Chinese migrants like to settle permanently in large cities, but not mega-cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai. The internal mechanism is explained by the agglomeration economies and the crowing effect brought by city size. In mega-cities, the attractiveness of the city caused by wage premium cannot offset the combined repulsive force caused by the high housing price, bad urban social network, air pollution, and health deterioration. It is worth noting that air pollution has a significant negative impact on the settlement intention of migrants, such as health conditions and precipitation. Besides, there is heterogeneity among high-skilled migrants and low-skilled migrants in different city sizes. Our findings enhance the understanding of “Escape from megacities” in China and have implications for the reform of the housing security system and the exploration of the urbanization path.

City size and housing purchase intention: Evidence from rural–urban migrants in China

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1866-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjiao Song ◽  
Chuanyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
City Size ◽  
Housing Cost ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
The Impact

Despite the increased focus on housing choices among rural–urban migrants in China, there is a lack of studies on city size and housing purchase preferences. In this paper, we extend the conceptual framework of the Rosen–Roback model to analyse how city size affects rural–urban migrants’ housing purchase intention, and find that the impact of city size on the willingness to buy a house in the host city for migrants has an inverted U shape by using the China Migrants Dynamic Survey of 2014. To explain this phenomenon, we further adopt the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, which shows that rural–urban migrants have achieved a spatial equilibrium between housing costs and city amenities in large cities, compared with megacities and small cities. Specifically, the amenities in large cities can compensate for the negative impact of the high housing cost, making these large cities more attractive than small ones for rural–urban migrants, while rural migrants have to bear high housing prices and exclusive urban welfare because of the strict household registration system in megacities. This study thus sheds new light on the adoption of diversified housing policies to solve the housing problems of rural–urban migrants in China by considering city size.

scholarly journals Social capital and social trust in urban China

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinxuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Social Network Support

Owing to the dynamics of internal migration and the hukou system, urban areas in China always consist of a four-tiered structure of urban locals, urban migrants, new urbanites and rural migrants. This paper aims to examine the differences among these four groups in terms of social capital and to explore how the association between social capital and social trust may vary across the four groups. Data are based on the 2014 China Labour-force Dynamics Survey. Our analysis of 7662 responses first indicates that patterns of social capital in the four urban groups appear to be largely distinct. Second, we find a clear rural–urban division in social trust in the Chinese city: rural migrants and new urbanites tend to be less trusting than urban locals and urban migrants. Among the aspects of social capital under consideration, social network support and neighbourhood attachment are associated with higher levels of social trust, whereas the effects of bonding and bridging civic organizations on social trust are relatively weak. However, these patterns indeed tend to vary across the four groups of urban residents in the cases of civic engagement and social network support. Consequently, these findings suggest that the interplay of individuals’ hukou identities and migration experiences in urban China has an important impact on their social connectedness, which also presents distinctive implications for social trust.

scholarly journals The Influence of Urban Sprawl on Air Pollution and the Mediating Effect of Vehicle Ownership

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Aiping Tao ◽  
Qun Liang ◽  
Peng Kuai ◽  
Tao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

Based on the panel data of 224 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this paper empirically studies the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution and introduces a mediating effect model to test the mediating role of vehicle ownership concerning the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution. The research in this paper arrives at three conclusions. First, urban sprawl has a significant positive effect on air pollution, and this conclusion is still valid after solving the endogeneity problem and conducting a robustness test. Second, the results of mediating effect test show that urban sprawl indirectly affects air pollution through the partial mediating effect of vehicle ownership. By removing the mediating effect, urban sprawl has a significant negative impact on air pollution, indicating that the mediating effect of vehicle ownership is higher concerning the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution. Third, further panel quantile regression results show that the higher the level of air pollution, the weaker the mediating effect of vehicle ownership and the stronger the direct effect of urban sprawl on air pollution. These conclusions can provide some empirical support for solving the air pollution problems caused by urban sprawl in China.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation, Environmental Awareness and Environmental Governance Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3960
Author(s):  
Meng-Meng Geng ◽  
Ling-Yun He
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

It is a problem worth thinking about whether the government’s environmental regulation policies can meet the residents’ requirements for environmental quality, and benefit the people. The study of the public’s subjective evaluation can more intuitively judge whether the government’s environmental regulation has realized “ecological benefits for the people”. Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2013, this paper studied the impact of environmental regulation and environmental awareness on environmental governance satisfaction by an ordered probit model. The study found that environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on environmental governance satisfaction, while environmental awareness has a significant negative impact on environmental governance satisfaction. We also found that when public environmental awareness is taken into account, the positive relationship between environmental regulation and environmental governance satisfaction is affected. The robustness test proved this conclusion.

Comprehensive Pricing Model of Urban Traffic Air Pollution Based on Bi-Level Programming

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1913-1917
Author(s):  
Ze Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
The Relationship

In order to reduce the negative impact of urban traffic air pollution, this paper firstly analyzes the relationship between urban traffic air pollution and vehicle speed, after providing the relationship model, the paper establishes a comprehensive pricing model of urban traffic air pollution based on bi-level programming, the model considers the traffic air pollution pricing, and includes the factors of congestion pricing, bus fee, pricing revenue redistribution on improvement of public transport services and the expansion of road capacity. The case study shows that the implementation of comprehensive pricing of urban traffic air pollution can reduce traffic pollution and unreasonable traffic flow, which is conducive to the sustainable development of the city.

Climate change and its impact on the development of allergic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Earth Temperature

Since the middle of the twentieth century, there has been a widespread increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, especially in developed countries. Much attention is paid to the changing climate and its influence on the development of allergies, mainly of the respiratory system. In many countries, studies are intensifying to study the relationship of various weather phenomena, air pollution, Earth temperature with the course of certain allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. Global strategies for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases are being developed. This review provides data from international studies demonstrating the negative impact on human health and the development of allergic diseases of the respiratory system, in particular asthma: a global rise in Earth temperature, air pollution, dust storms, forest fires, dampness in rooms and atmospheric mold, thunderstorms and floods.

scholarly journals Influence of Urban-Growth Pattern on Air Quality in China: A Study of 338 Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchuan Mou ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Qingsong He ◽  
Ang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
City Size ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Coastal China

Air pollution in China is a serious problem and an inevitable threat to human health. This study evaluated the relationship between air quality and urban growth pattern in China by conducting empirical research involving 338 prefecture-level and above cities. Spatial regression techniques considering spatial autocorrelation were applied to correct the calculation bias. To obtain local and accurate results, a conception of eight economic zones was adopted to delineate cities into different groups and to estimate regression separately. An additional six urban form and socioeconomic indicators served as controlling variables. Significant and positive relationships between the aggregated urban growth pattern index and air pollution were observed in Northeast China, northern coastal China, and Northwest China, indicating that a high degree of urban aggregation is associated with poor air quality. However, a negative parameter was obtained in southern coastal China, showing an opposite association on urban aggregation and air quality. Nonsignificant connections among the other four zones were found. The findings also highlighted that land use mix, population density, and city size exerted varied and significant influence on air quality across eight economic zones. Overall, this study indicated that understanding the quantitative relationships between urban forms and air quality can provide policymakers with alternative ways to improve air quality in rapidly developing China.

scholarly journals Association between Human Health and Indoor Air Pollution in Saudi Arabia: Indoor Environmental Quality Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Mohd Saleem ◽  
Mohd Adnan Kausar ◽  
Fahmida Khatoon ◽  
Sadaf Anwar ◽  
Syed Monowar Alam Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality

In many aspects of life quality, bio-contaminants and indoor air quality have had catastrophic consequences, including a negative impact on human health with an increased prevalence of allergic respiratory reactions, asthma, and infectious diseases. We aimed to evaluate the quality of indoor air environment and find out the association between human health and indoor air pollution and also to assess the physical health status of a group of Saudi and non-Saudi populations during this pandemic. Also, we aimed to assess the most common health condition or symptoms associated with ventilation. A questionnaire was distributed online to test indoor air quality, ventilation status, common signs and symptoms of any allergy or mental status and their relationship to certain variables. A total of 362 respondents were included. Before living in the current home, flu or Influenza and chapped lips were more prevalent than allergies and chapped lips signs while living in the current home. (12.2% , 10.8% vs. 18.5% , 13.55% before and after respectively) Multiple colds were the second most common symptom (10.2%). Hoarse voice and headaches were the least common symptoms experienced; each constituted 4.4%. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, most respondents wore a facemask, approximately 76.5%; and almost one-third of respondents had bright natural light inside the current home (43.1%). The presence of natural light within the current home was significantly associated with symptoms experienced during living in the current house (p<0.05). Natural sunlight exposure could decrease allergic symptoms and minor health problems associated with poor ventilation and air quality indoors. In current living homes, the majority of respondents never used air purifiers (72.9 percent). In order to get attention from people to enhance the quality and ventilation mechanism of indoor air, special care and awareness of the effects of the use of air purifiers on human health is needed.

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