scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Mirela Ioana Flueraşu ◽  
Ioana Corina Bocşan ◽  
Ioan-Andrei Țig ◽  
Simona Maria Iacob ◽  
Daniela Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Awake Bruxism

The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this muscle activity with behavioral variations. This analytical, observational, cohort, cross-sectional, and prospective study involved 308 volunteers aged between 19 and 30 years of different nationalities, all students of the “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Subjects were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire which was structured in five sections. The results obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed separately for sleep bruxism and for awake bruxism. We did not find any statistically significant correlation between awake bruxism or sleep bruxism and age (p = 0.30 and p = 0.37, respectively), sex (p = 0.44 and p = 0.48, respectively), or nationality (p = 0.55 and p = 0.67, respectively). Only a high degree of stress and frustration (p = 0.035 and p = 0.020) was observed in European subjects except for the Romanians and the French, likely related to the difficulties of adapting to the language and lifestyle in Romania. Female sex was statistically significantly associated with an increased level of stress (p = 0.004), duty-related depression (p = 0.006), and duty-related anxiety (p = 0.003). Stress and anxiety can be favorable factors in the appearance of both types of bruxism; however, depression is associated only with awake bruxism.

scholarly journals Temporomandibular Disorders among Dutch Adolescents: Prevalence and Biological, Psychological, and Social Risk Indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Marpaung ◽  
Frank Lobbezoo ◽  
Maurits K. A. van Selms
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
Awake Bruxism

Aims. To assess the prevalence rates of pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds in a large group of Dutch adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years and to determine if the same biological, psychological, and social risk indicators are related to both TMD pain and TMJ sounds. Methods. In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 4,235 questionnaires were analyzed, with an about equal gender distribution. Results. The overall prevalence of pain-related TMDs was 21.6% (26.1% for girls and 17.6% for boys) and that of TMJ sounds was 15.5% (19.3% for girls and 11.7% for boys). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the following variables appeared to be the strongest predictors of TMD pain: female gender, increasing age, sleep bruxism, biting on lips and/or cheeks, stress, and feeling sad. Regarding self-reported TMJ sounds, the multiple regression model revealed that female gender, increasing age, awake bruxism, and biting on lips and/or cheeks were the strongest predictors. Conclusions. TMDs are a common finding among Dutch adolescents. Except for the psychological factors that appeared to be associated with TMD pain only, pain-related TMDs and TMJ sounds shared similar biological risk indicators.

scholarly journals Drug-related problems in patients with osteoporosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Ilic ◽  
Zoran Bukumiric ◽  
Slobodan Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Study Participants

Background/Aim. Drug-related problems are especially frequent among patients suffering from non-communicable diseases, like osteoporosis, leading to suboptimal treatment response. The aim of this study was to identify drug-related problems in patients with osteoporosis. Methods. This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in January 2014 on outpatients with osteoporosis from three health facilities in Belgrade, Serbia. The patients included in the study were older than 50 years, and they were offered an anonymous questionnaire with open-ended questions. Results. There were 355 study participants, 329 (92.7%) females and 26 (7.3%) males. The patients who experienced at least one osteoporotic fracture (n = 208) were significantly less adherent to the therapy, less engaged in sports and regular physical activities, and more prone to nutrition with inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D than patients without fractures (n = 147). Conclusion. The effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment is decreased by several drug-related problems encountered by both physicians and patients. However, the majority of the drug-related problems could be greatly influenced by appropriate educational programs.

scholarly journals Sleep Bruxism, Awake Bruxism and Sleep Quality among Brazilian Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júnia Maria Serra-Negra ◽  
Ana Carolina Scarpelli ◽  
Débora Tirsa-Costa ◽  
Flávia Helena Guimarães ◽  
Isabela Almeida Pordeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Robust Estimator ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awake Bruxism

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and sleep quality among dental students of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed including 183 Brazilian dental students aged from 17 to 46 years old. The complete course curriculum consists of 9 semesters. Students enrolled in the first semester, the middle semester and the final semester of the course participated in the survey. The PSQI-BR (the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index) was used for data collection. The PSQI-BR was distributed during lecture classes. Sleep bruxism and awake bruxism diagnosis was based on self-reported data. Descriptive analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Poisson regression with robust estimator were the statistical tests used. Sleep bruxism prevalence was 21.5% and awake bruxism prevalence was 36.5%. Sleep duration components were associated with sleep bruxism (PR=1.540; 95% CI: 1.00-2.37) and awake bruxism (PR=1.344; 95% CI: 1,008-1,790). There was an association between awake bruxism and habitual sleep efficiency component (PR=1.323; 95% CI: 1.03-1.70). Sleep disturbance component and awake bruxism were associated (PR=1.533; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Poor sleep quality was an important factor among dental students, who reported sleep bruxism as well as among those who presented awake bruxism

scholarly journals Prevalence and potential factors associated with probable sleep or awake bruxism and dentin hypersensitivity in undergraduate students

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neusa Barros DANTAS-NETA ◽  
Joseany Barbosa LAURENTINO ◽  
Carlos Henrique de Carvalho e SOUZA ◽  
Danila Lorena NUNES-DOS-SANTOS ◽  
Regina Ferraz MENDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
The Face ◽  
Awake Bruxism

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of probable sleep or awake bruxism and cervical dentin hypersensitivity of undergraduate students and to determine the symptoms associated with these conditions.METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study. A diagnosis of probable bruxism was reached when students reported clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep and/or wakefulness, and when they also presented some of the signs and symptoms of bruxism and masseter muscle pain on palpation. Cervical dentinal hypersensitivity was diagnosed by testing for sensitivity to pain in the cervical region of the teeth. Pain was triggered either by touch (using a #5 probe) or by an air jet spray. The sample consisted of 306 university students aged between 19 and 35 years old. The data were stored and analysed using SPSS software, version 15.0 for Windows.RESULT: The prevalence of probable bruxism was 34.3%, with no predominance regarding sex. Probable awake bruxism was more prevalent (61.9%), mostly occurring when the individual reported being in a state of mental concentration (63.1%). There was no association between probable sleep or awake bruxism and dentin hypersensitivity (p = 0.195). Individuals with probable sleep bruxism had increased odds of having muscular pain in the face upon waking (OR = 14.14, 95% CI 5.06-39.55), and those with probable awake bruxism had a increased odds of having facial muscle fatigue when chewing or talking for a long time (OR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.53-5.43) and muscular pain in the face upon waking (OR = 5.31, 95% CI 1.93-14.62).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of probable bruxism was 34.3% and that of HDC was 57.8%, with 22.2% of these subjects also showing probable bruxism. Individuals with probable bruxism tended to have a higher odds of facial pain when they awakened and when chewing or talking for long periods. There were no associations between probable sleep and awake bruxism and cervical dentin hypersensitivity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sleep bruxism in children in primary dentition

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e201025
Author(s):  
Ana de Lourdes Sá de Lira ◽  
Francisco Dário Carvalho de Sousa ◽  
Francisca Janiele de Sousa ◽  
Maria Karen Vasconcelos Fontenele ◽  
Carlos Kelvin Campos Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Wear ◽  
Awake Bruxism ◽  
Group 1

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in childrenbetween 2 to 6 years old in primary dentition in a public school(A1) and a private school (A2) in the state of Piauí. Method: Itwas cross-sectional and quantitative study in 370 participants,180 in A1 and 190 in A2. The questionnaire to help diagnosebruxism was applied to parents. In the clinical examination,dental wear was evaluated, checking for the presence ofshiny and polished facets on deciduous incisors and / ormolars (palatal surface, incisal edges and working cusps)and the results were noted in the odontogram. Students whohad bruxism participated in group 1 (G1) and those who didnot have it were in the control group (CG) in both A1 and A2.Results: One hundred and five children had sleep bruxism.Tooth wear was more prevalent in the male gender. Both in A1and in A2 and in both genders, wear on primary molars wasmore frequent than in canines. Conclusion: The prevalence ofbruxism in children between 2 and 6 years of age was 28.3%,with a predominance in males. There was an associationbetween sleep bruxism and the habit of sucking a finger,pacifier, bottle use and the habit of awake bruxism. In 98.09%of the children who had sleep bruxism, teeth pain was found.

Computer Reconstruction of the Cellular Architecture of the Daphnia Magna Optic Ganglion

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
E. R. Macagno ◽  
C. Levinthal
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Synaptic Connectivity ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Crustacean ◽  
Optic Ganglion ◽  
Structural Invariance ◽  
High Degree

The optic ganglion of Daphnia Magna, a small crustacean that reproduces parthenogenetically contains about three hundred neurons: 110 neurons in the Lamina or anterior region and about 190 neurons in the Medulla or posterior region. The ganglion lies in the midplane of the organism and shows a high degree of left-right symmetry in its structures. The Lamina neurons form the first projection of the visual output from 176 retinula cells in the compound eye. In order to answer questions about structural invariance under constant genetic background, we have begun to reconstruct in detail the morphology and synaptic connectivity of various neurons in this ganglion from electron micrographs of serial sections (1). The ganglion is sectioned in a dorso-ventra1 direction so as to minimize the cross-sectional area photographed in each section. This area is about 60 μm x 120 μm, and hence most of the ganglion fit in a single 70 mm micrograph at the lowest magnification (685x) available on our Zeiss EM9-S.

Clinical factors correlated with vitamin D deficiency in patients with obesity scheduled for bariatric surgery: A single center experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Pilone ◽  
Salvatore Tramontano ◽  
Carmen Cutolo ◽  
Federica Marchese ◽  
Antonio Maria Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract. We aim to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery (BS), and to identify factors that might be associated with VDD. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving all consecutive patients scheduled for BS from 2017 to 2019. The exclusion criteria were missing data for vitamin D levels, intake of vitamin D supplements in the 3 months prior to serum vitamin D determination, and renal insufficiency. A total of 206 patients (mean age and body mass index [BMI] of 34.9 ± 10.7 years, and 44.3 ± 6.99 kg/m2, respectively) met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled for data analysis. VDD (<19.9 ng/mL), severe VDD (<10 ng/mL), and vitamin D insufficiency (20–29.9 ng/mL) were present in 68.8 %, 12.5 %, and 31.2 % of patients, respectively. A significant inverse correlation was found between vitamin D levels and initial BMI, parathyroid hormone, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.280, p < 0.05; r = −0.407, p = 0.038; r = −0.445, p = 0.005), respectively. VDD was significantly more prevalent in patients with higher BMI [−0.413 ± 0.12, CI95 % (−0.659; −0.167), p = 0.006], whereas no significant association between hypertension [−1.005 ± 1.65, CI95 % (−4.338; 2.326), p = 0.001], and diabetes type 2 (T2D) [−0.44 ± 2.20, CI95 % (−4.876; 3.986), p = 0.841] was found. We observed significant association between female sex and levels of vitamin D [6.69 ± 2.31, CI95 % (2.06; 11.33), p = 0.006]. The present study shows that in patients scheduled for BS, VDD deficiency is common and was associated with higher BMI, and female sex.

Binge Eating and Problem Gambling are Associated with Common and Distinct Deficits in Emotion Regulation among Community Women: Results from a Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Farstad ◽  
Kristin M. von Ranson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Behavioral Addiction ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Problem

To elucidate similarities and differences between binge eating and a behavioral addiction, this prospective study compared facets of emotion regulation that were associated with problem gambling, the only formally recognized behavioral addiction, and binge eating. Community-based women (N = 202) who engaged in at-risk binge eating (n = 79), at-risk gambling (n = 36), or both (n = 87) completed four online assessments over six months. Baseline and six-month surveys assessed self-reported emotion dysregulation (using the DERS and UPPS-P), binge eating (using the EDE-Q), and gambling (using the PGSI); abbreviated two- and four-month surveys assessed only binge eating and gambling. Binge eating and problem gambling were both associated with emotion dysregulation, and greater positive urgency was correlated with more severe problem gambling but less frequent binge eating. Negative urgency explained no unique variance in binge eating or problem gambling changes over time, once other facets of emotion dysregulation (i.e., positive urgency and facets assessed by the DERS) were included. Thus, previous cross-sectional research may have overestimated the association of negative urgency with both binge eating and problem gambling. Overall, these findings suggest that binge eating and problem gambling are associated with common as well as distinct emotion regulation deficits.

Biographic Characteristics and Factors Perceived as Affecting Female and Male Careers in Academic Surgery: The Tenured Gender Battle to Make It to the Top

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Schwarz ◽  
Sonia Sippel ◽  
Andrew Entwistle ◽  
Anna Kathrin Hell ◽  
Sarah Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Career Guidance ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Academic Surgery ◽  
Female Surgeons ◽  
High Degree

Purpose: Given the high attrition rate in the field of academic surgery, we aimed to characterise the professional and personal situations of female and male academic surgeons as well as to gather data on their respective perceptions of career advancement and work satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Germany, inviting all identifiable academically highly qualified female surgeons and their male counterparts in a 1:2 ratio to participate. An anonymous 103-item online questionnaire was designed and the data collected between July and September 2014. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 93 female and 200 male surgeons, of whom 63 women (67.7%) and 70 men (35.0%) replied. The average age was 47.5 and 47.1 years, respectively. Respondents identified ‘high degree of expertise', ‘ambition', and ‘clarity of one's professional aims' as important factors affecting professional career development. Both groups felt ‘workload', ‘working hours/shifts', and ‘gender' to be a hindrance, the latter of significantly greater importance to female surgeons. The mean work satisfaction scores were high in both female (69.5%) and male (75.7%) surgeons. The predictors ‘support from superiors' (standardised β coefficient = 0.41) and ‘manual aptitude' (β = 0.41) contributed incrementally to the variance in ‘high degree of work satisfaction' (90-100%) observed for female surgeons. However, childcare provided by ‘kindergarten/crèche/after-school care' had the greatest negative predictive value (β = -1.33). Conclusions: Although there are many parallels, female faculty members experience the culture of academic surgery to some extent differently from their male counterparts, especially when impacted by parenthood and childcare. Faculty development programmes need to develop strategies to improve perceived equality in career opportunities by respecting individuals' requirements as well as offering gender-appropriate career guidance.

scholarly journals Neuroenhancement in French and Romanian University Students, Motivations and Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3880
Author(s):  
Irina Brumboiu ◽  
Alessandro Porrovecchio ◽  
Thierry Peze ◽  
Remy Hurdiel ◽  
Irina Cazacu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Students Attitudes

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the use of neuroenhancers, the motivations and factors associated with their use in French and Romanian university students. Students from two universities in France (Rouen and Opal Coast University) and one in Romania (Cluj-Napoca) were asked to complete a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, either online or on paper, about the use of three different categories of substance: Prescription drugs (methylphenidate, modafinil, and beta-blockers), drugs of abuse (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines), and soft enhancers (coffee, vitamins, caffeine tablets, and energy drinks). In total, 1110 students were included: The users were 2.2% for prescription drugs, 4.3% for drugs of abuse, and 55.0% for soft enhancers. Students used neuroenhancement to stay awake for study (69.3%), to improve concentration (55.5%), to decrease stress (40.9%), and to improve memory (39.6%). Neuroenhancement was considered to meet expectations by 74.4% of users. The factors associated with the use of drugs of abuse were frequent binge drinking (Adjusted Odds Ratio—AOR: 6.49 [95% CI: 2.53–16.6]), smoking (AOR: 5.50 [95% CI: 2.98–10.14]), having a student job (AOR: 2.42 [95% CI 1.13–5.17]), and being male (AOR: 2.23 [95% CI:1.21–4.11]). No significant associations with eating disorders were detected for any of the three categories of substances. University students reported neuroenhancement with prescription drugs, drugs of abuse, and mainly soft enhancers. These substances were used mainly to increase the waking hours. Educational programs in universities seem to be required in order to increase student awareness of the problems caused by neuroenhancements, and to decrease the associated risks by changing students’ attitudes and beliefs.

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