scholarly journals Simulation of the Urban Jobs–Housing Location Selection and Spatial Relationship Using a Multi-Agent Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Huihui Wang ◽  
Weihua Zeng ◽  
Ruoxin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multi Agent

The jobs–housing balance concerns the spatial relationship between the number of jobs and housing units within a given geographical area. Due to the separation of jobs and housing, spatial dislocations have occurred in large cities, which have resulted in a significant increase in commuting distance and time. These changes have ultimately led to an increase in pressure on urban traffic, and the formation of tidal traffic. In this study we introduce a multi-agent approach to examine the jobs–housing relationship under the maximum location utility of agents. The jobs/housing ratio measures the balance of the of jobs–housing relationship, as well as comparing and analyzing jobs–housing separation in Beijing by district, county, and street scales. An agent-based model was proposed to simulate spatial location selection behavior of agents by considering environmental and economical influences on residential decisions of individuals. Results show that the jobs–housing relationship imbalance in Beijing has been mainly aggravated due to rapid population growth in the 6th Ring Road. An imbalance in the jobs–housing relationship has arisen due to a mismatch with the number of households available compared to the number of jobs; the surrounding urban areas cannot provide the required volume of housing to accommodate the increase in workers. Six sets of experiments were established to examine resident agents and enterprise agents. Differences in resident agents’ income level had a greater impact on residential location decision-making, and housing price was the primary factor affecting the decision of residents to choose their residential location. The spatial distribution of jobs and housing in Beijing under the maximization of micro-agent location utility was obtained in this study. Results indicated that the imbalance in the jobs¬-housing relationship in central Beijing has improved and, compared with the initial distributions, the number of jobs–housing balance areas in Beijing has increased.

HIV INFECTION AND SOME RELATED FACTORS IN FEMALE MASSAGE THERAPISTS IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE

2015 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Xuan Chuong Tran ◽  
Thi Thanh Hoa Le ◽  
Ngoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Massage Therapists

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a dangerous infection in Vietnam and in the world. Studying of HIV infection and related factors in high risk groups, including female massage therapists is therefore very important. Aims: 1. To study the HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province. 2. To fine some related factors to HIV infection. Patients and methods: Female massage therapists working in Quang Ngai province. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: The rate of HIV infection was 0.99%. Group older than 22 years old had higher rate of infection than group under 22 years old (1.80% vs 0.69%). The girls from urban areas or not using condom had higher rate of infection than group from rural or not using condom (1.57% vs 0.47% and 7.32% vs. 0.57%). Most of HIV infected belong to single or divorce groups. Conclusions: The rate of HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province was 0.99%. The HIV infection related factor was not using condom in sexual contact. Keywords: HIV, female massage therapists, Quang Ngai

Cross-provincial Cross-region Power Trading Optimization Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Jing-wen Chen ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Hong-she Dang ◽  
Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Network Flow ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Gray Theory ◽  
Power Trading ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Regional Economic Disparities

Background: China's power resources are unevenly distributed in geography, and the supply-demand imbalance becomes worse due to regional economic disparities. It is essential to optimize the allocation of power resources through cross-provincial and cross-regional power trading. Methods: This paper uses load forecasting, transaction subject data declaration, and route optimization models to achieve optimal allocation of electricity and power resources cross-provincial and cross-regional and maximize social benefits. Gray theory is used to predict the medium and longterm loads, while multi-agent technology is used to report the power trading price. Results: Cross-provincial and cross-regional power trading become a network flow problem, through which we can find the optimized complete trading paths. Conclusion: Numerical case study results has verified the efficiency of the proposed method in optimizing power allocation across provinces and regions.

IMPACTS OF URBAN LAND USE ON CRIME PATTERNS THROUGH GIS APPLICATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nazri Muhamad Ludin ◽  
Norsiah Abd. Aziz ◽  
Nooraini Hj Yusoff ◽  
Wan Juliyana Wan Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Patterns

Land use planning plays a crucial role in creating a balance between the needs of society, physical development and the ecosystem. However, most often poor planning and displacement of land uses particularly in urban areas contribute to social ills such as drug abuse and criminal activities. This research explains the spatial relationship of drug abuse and other criminal activities on urban land use planning and their implications on the society at large. Spatial statistics was used to show patterns, trends and spatial relationships of crimes and land use planning. Data on crime incidents were obtained from the Royal Malaysia Police Department whilst cases of drug abuse were collected from the National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK). Analysis of the data together with digital land use maps produced by Arnpang Jaya Municipal Council, showed the distribution of crime incidents and drug abuse in the area. Findings of the study also indicated that, there was a strong relationship between petty crimes, drng abuse and land use patterns. These criminal activities tend to concentrate in residential and commercial areas of the study area.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of WIMP and immersive natural finger interaction: a user study on CAD assembly modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Fechter ◽  
Benjamin Schleich ◽  
Sandro Wartzack
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
User Study ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
Assembly Modeling ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Assembly Procedure

AbstractVirtual and augmented reality allows the utilization of natural user interfaces, such as realistic finger interaction, even for purposes that were previously dominated by the WIMP paradigm. This new form of interaction is particularly suitable for applications involving manipulation tasks in 3D space, such as CAD assembly modeling. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of natural interaction for CAD assembly modeling in virtual reality. An advantage of the natural interaction compared to the conventional operation by computer mouse would indicate development potential for user interfaces of current CAD applications. Our approach bases on two main elements. Firstly, a novel natural user interface for realistic finger interaction enables the user to interact with virtual objects similar to physical ones. Secondly, an algorithm automatically detects constraints between CAD components based solely on their geometry and spatial location. In order to prove the usability of the natural CAD assembly modeling approach in comparison with the assembly procedure in current WIMP operated CAD software, we present a comparative user study. Results show that the VR method including natural finger interaction significantly outperforms the desktop-based CAD application in terms of efficiency and ease of use.

scholarly journals Protocol for a qualitative study to identify strategies to optimise hospital ePrescribing systems

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044622
Author(s):  
Catherine Heeney ◽  
Stephen Malden ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Electronic Prescribing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionElectronic prescribing (ePrescribing) is a key area of development and investment in the UK and across the developed world. ePrescribing is widely understood as a vehicle for tackling medication-related safety concerns, improving care quality and making more efficient use of health resources. Nevertheless, implementation of an electronic health record does not itself ensure benefits for prescribing are maximised. We examine the process of optimisation of ePrescribing systems using case studies to provide policy recommendations based on the experiences of digitally mature hospital sites.Methods and analysisQualitative interviews within six digitally mature sites will be carried out. The aim is to capture successful optimisation of electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) in particular health systems and hospitals. We have identified hospital sites in the UK and in three other developed countries. We used a combination of literature reviews and advice from experts at Optimising ePrescribing in Hospitals (eP Opt) Project round-table events. Sites were purposively selected based on geographical area, innovative work in ePrescribing/electronic health (eHealth) and potential transferability of practices to the UK setting. Interviews will be recorded and transcribed and transcripts coded thematically using NVivo software. Relevant policy and governance documents will be analysed, where available. Planned site visits were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Ethics and disseminationThe Usher Research Ethics Group granted approval for this study. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals in medical informatics and expert round-table events, lay member meetings and the ePrescribing Toolkit (http://www.eprescribingtoolkit.com/)—an online resource supporting National Health Service (NHS) hospitals through the ePrescribing process.

scholarly journals Tower Crane Location Optimization for Heavy Unit Lifting in High-Rise Modular Construction

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Hosang Hyun ◽  
Moonseo Park ◽  
Dowan Lee ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Algorithm Optimization ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Tower Crane ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Crane Selection

Modular construction, which involves unit production in factories and on-site work, has benefits such as low cost, high quality, and short duration, resulting from the controlled factory environment utilized. An efficient tower crane lifting plan ensures successful high-rise modular project completion. For improved efficiency, the lifting plan should minimize the reaching distance of the tower crane, because this distance directly affects the tower crane capacity, which is directly related to crane operation cost. In situations where units are lifted from trailers, the trailer-to-tower crane distance can have a significant impact on the tower crane operation efficiency. However, optimization of this distance to improve efficiency has not been sufficiently considered. This research proposes a genetic algorithm optimization model that suggests optimized tower crane and trailer locations. The case study results show that through the proposed model, the project manager can reflect the optimal location selection and optimal tower crane selection options with minimal cost.

ANALYSIS OF COMMUTE CHARATERISTICS AND RESIDENTIAL LOCATION CHOICE OF IIUM GOMBAK CAMPUS EMPLOYEES OF MALAYSIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdul Mohit ◽  
Mootaz Munjid Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Location Choice ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Residential Location Choice ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Residential Characteristics ◽  
Learning Institutions

Higher learning institutions, particularly uni versities, are important nodes which can help in decentralizing the monocentric stigma of urban areas by encouraging employment and housing growth in metropolitan areas. The case study Gombak Campus of international Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), located 15 kilometres to the north-west of Kuala Lumpur City, is currently an employment node in the Klang Valley region. Being a node of employment, it is expected to generate residential development in the vicinity of its location by supporting the determining two fac tors of residential location - commuting cost and rent. Although there are certain truths that rent and commute cost are important determinants in households' residential location, other factors also influence residential location decision making. This paper, therefore, attempts to identify an array of factors and the extent to which these factors influence commute and residential attributes of the employees of IIUM Gombak Campus. Findings of this study reveal that there is a significant relationship between commute behaviour and residential characteristics and a number of other factors nonnally overlooked by the mainstream residential location choice models.

Geophysical Variables and Behavior: II. Weather Factors as Predictors of Local Social Indicators of Maladaptation in Two Non-Urban Areas

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Banziger ◽  
Karen Owens
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Indicator ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Medical Patient ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Weather Factor ◽  
Telephone Hotline

The relative predictive strengths of eight weather factors were examined using as separate dependent variables monthly figures for community mental health intake, welfare caseload, calls to a telephone hotline, medical patient caseload, felony arrests, juvenile complaints, drunk-driving arrests, and mortality rates in two non-urban areas of Ohio. Z-score transformations of subjective discomfort of the weather factors as indicated by three independent samples were analyzed with a stepwise multiple regression. With the exception of hotline calls, each of the social indicators in the two localities was significantly predicted by a different weather factor, and the weather factors, taken together, accounted for about 10% of the variance of each social indicator. For each geographical area, combined weather factors accounted for no more than 30% of the variance of any local social indicator. Problems of overgeneralization and exaggeration of the effects of weather factors on social indicators in previous studies were discussed. A balanced approach to behavioral effects of geophysical variables must be achieved (Ammons, 1978).

scholarly journals The road beyond licensing: the impact of a driver licensing support program on employment outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby Porykali ◽  
Patricia Cullen ◽  
Kate Hunter ◽  
Kris Rogers ◽  
Melissa Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Support Program ◽  
The Road ◽  
Regional Area ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Driver Licensing

Abstract Background With increasingly tough graduated driver licensing laws in all Australian States and Territories, driver licensing support programs are recognised as being important to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to obtain a driver licence. Such programs appear to improve licensing attainment rates, but few studies have examined the broader impact that these programs can have. This research aims to 1) examine the impact of a New South Wales (NSW) based driver licensing support program (Driving Change) on client employment outcomes; 2) assess the influence of geographical area of program delivery on driver licence attainment. Methods Driving Change was delivered from February 2013 to August 2016 in 4 urban and 7 regional Aboriginal communities of NSW. Clients were followed-up at 6 months or more following contact with the program as part of routine program operations. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to analyse data. Results From 933 clients contacted 254 agreed to provide feedback, a response rate of 27%. Those that responded were mostly female (57%), aged 24 years and under (72%), unemployed (85%) with secondary education or less (71%) and from a regional area (74%). Adjusted logistic regression indicated that clients who achieved an independent licence were more likely (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.22–5.24, p = 0.011) of reporting a new job or change in job than those who did not attain a licence. Clients from regional areas were more likely (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.27–2.33, p < 0.001) to gain an independent licence than those from urban areas. There was no difference in employment outcomes (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.53–2.52, p = 0.719) for clients from urban compared to regional areas. Conclusion The Driving Change program appears to be effective in improving employment outcomes for those who gained a licence. Clients from regional areas were more likely to gain a licence compared to those in urban settings, and were predominantly young and unemployed, often a hard to reach cohort. Future licensing programs being delivered in regional areas need integrated pathways into employment opportunities to provide holistic services that address the social and economic challenges faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

scholarly journals STUDY ON URBAN RESIDUAL SPACE AS SOLUTIONS REVIEW FOR AREA PROBLEMS

SINERGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Diana Ayudya ◽  
Mona Anggiani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Residual Space ◽  
Density Irregularity ◽  
The City

In cities, spaces were intentionally formed, planned, or unintentionally unplanned. Unlike planned spaces, unplanned spaces in urban areas eventually tend to cause problems for the area. These spaces were referred to as residual spaces, which were generally vacant land or open space in various urban spaces. Urban residual space was also commonly found in tertiary activity centers in big cities like Jakarta, one of which was in the trade and service area of the city. Residual space in such areas grew and developed due to dense activity within the area, resulting building density, irregularity in some spatial use and environmental degradation. Due such conditions, several questions are significant to be raised.  What are the typology, utilization, and its impacts on the area? Did it only cause a problem, or could it be a solution to problems within the area? This study aimed to examine the typology of residual space based on the shape, location, utilization, and impact of trade and service activities in South Jakarta, Kebayoran Lama area. The proposed approach used was a qualitative study of the residual spaces in predetermined trade and commercial areas. The study results of the physical, spatial, visual, and social conditions of urban residual space were explained descriptively to get a picture of the characteristics of the form, location, utilization, and impact on the area.

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